As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 1, 2007
Registration No. 333-143108
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Amendment No. 1
to
FORM S-1
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
HERTZ GLOBAL HOLDINGS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
7514 (Primary Standard Industrial Classification Code Number) |
20-3530539 (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) |
225 Brae Boulevard
Park Ridge, New Jersey 07656-0713
(201) 307-2000
(Address, including ZIP Code, and telephone number, including
area code, of registrant's principal executive offices)
Harold E. Rolfe, Esq.
Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary
Hertz Global Holdings, Inc.
225 Brae Boulevard
Park Ridge, New Jersey 07656-0713
(201) 307-2000
(Name, address, including ZIP Code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)
With copies to: | ||
Steven J. Slutzky, Esq. Debevoise & Plimpton LLP 919 Third Avenue New York, New York 10022 (212) 909-6000 |
Rod Miller, Esq. Weil, Gotshal & Manges LLP 767 Fifth Avenue New York, New York 10153 (212) 310-8000 |
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: From time to time after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If any of the securities being registered on this form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. o
If this Form is filed to register additional securities of an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until this registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not issue these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
Subject to Completion. Dated June 1, 2007.
45,000,000 Shares
Hertz Global Holdings, Inc.
Common Stock
All of the shares of common stock of Hertz Global Holdings, Inc., which we refer to in this prospectus as "Hertz Holdings," are being sold by the selling stockholders identified in this prospectus. Hertz Holdings will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of the shares being sold by the selling stockholders. The selling stockholders include affiliates of Merrill Lynch & Co., an underwriter in this offering.
The common stock of Hertz Holdings is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol HTZ. The last reported sale price of the common stock on June 1, 2007 was $22.49 per share.
See "Risk Factors" on page 23 to read about factors you should consider before buying shares of the common stock.
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any other regulatory body has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the accuracy or adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
|
Per Share |
Total |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Price to public | $ | $ | ||||
Underwriting discount | $ | $ | ||||
Proceeds, before expenses, to the selling stockholders | $ | $ |
To the extent that the underwriters sell more than 45,000,000 shares of common stock, the underwriters have the option to purchase up to an additional 6,750,000 shares from the selling stockholders at the offering price less the underwriting discount. Hertz Holdings will not receive any of the proceeds from the shares of common stock sold by the selling stockholders pursuant to any exercise of the underwriters' option to purchase additional shares.
The underwriters expect to deliver the shares against payment in New York, New York on , 2007.
Goldman, Sachs & Co. | Lehman Brothers | Merrill Lynch & Co. |
Deutsche Bank Securities | JPMorgan | Morgan Stanley |
Credit Suisse | UBS Investment Bank | Wachovia Securities |
Prospectus dated , 2007.
|
Page |
|
---|---|---|
Summary | 1 | |
Risk Factors | 23 | |
Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements | 44 | |
Market and Industry Data | 45 | |
Corporate History | 46 | |
Use of Proceeds | 48 | |
Price Range of Common Stock | 48 | |
Dividend Policy | 48 | |
Capitalization | 49 | |
Selected Historical Consolidated Financial Data | 50 | |
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 52 | |
Business | 89 | |
Management | 118 | |
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners, Management and Selling Stockholders | 147 | |
Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions | 152 | |
Description of Certain Indebtedness | 158 | |
Description of Capital Stock | 177 | |
Shares Eligible for Future Sale | 181 | |
Certain U.S. Federal Tax Considerations | 183 | |
Underwriting | 186 | |
Legal Matters | 190 | |
Experts | 190 | |
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | 191 | |
Where You Can Find Additional Information | 191 | |
Index to Financial Statements | F-1 |
We have not authorized anyone to give you any information or to make any representations about the transactions we discuss in this prospectus other than those contained in the prospectus or any free writing prospectus prepared by us or any other information to which we have expressly referred you. If you are given any information or representation about these matters that is not discussed in this prospectus, you must not rely on that information. This prospectus is not an offer to sell anywhere or to anyone where or to whom we are not permitted to offer to sell securities under applicable law.
In making an investment decision, investors must rely on their own examination of the issuer and the terms of the offering, including the merits and risks involved. These securities have not been recommended by any federal or state securities commission or regulatory authority. Furthermore, the foregoing authorities have not confirmed the accuracy or determined the adequacy of this document. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
We have filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, or the "SEC," a registration statement on Form S-1 under the Securities Act with respect to the common stock offered by this prospectus. This prospectus, filed as part of the registration statement, does not contain all the information set forth in the registration statement and its exhibits and schedules, portions of which have been omitted as permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC. For further information about
i
us and our common stock, we refer you to the registration statement and to its exhibits and schedules. With respect to statements in this prospectus about the contents of any contract, agreement or other document, in each instance, we refer you to the copy of such contract, agreement or document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement, and each such statement is qualified in all respects by reference to the document to which it refers.
The public may read and copy any reports or other information that we and our subsidiaries file with the SEC. Such filings are available to the public over the Internet at the SEC's website at http://www.sec.gov. The SEC's website is included in this prospectus as an inactive textual reference only. You may also read and copy any document that we file with the SEC at its public reference room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington D.C. 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the public reference room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330.
Unless the context otherwise requires, in this prospectus, (i) "Hertz Holdings" means Hertz Global Holdings, Inc., our top-level holding company, (ii) "Hertz" means The Hertz Corporation, our primary operating company and a direct wholly owned subsidiary of Hertz Investors, Inc., which is wholly owned by Hertz Holdings, (iii) "we," "us" and "our" mean (a) prior to December 21, 2005, Hertz and its consolidated subsidiaries and (b) on and after December 21, 2005, Hertz Holdings and its consolidated subsidiaries, including Hertz, (iv) "HERC" means Hertz Equipment Rental Corporation, Hertz's wholly owned equipment rental subsidiary, together with our various other wholly owned international subsidiaries that conduct our industrial, construction and material handling equipment rental business, (v) "cars" means cars and light trucks (including sport utility vehicles and, outside North America, light commercial vehicles), (vi) "equipment" means industrial, construction and material handling equipment, (vii) "EBITDA" means consolidated net income before net interest expense, consolidated income taxes and consolidated depreciation and amortization and (viii) "Corporate EBITDA" means "EBITDA" as that term is defined under Hertz's senior credit facilities, which is generally consolidated net income before net interest expense (other than interest expense relating to certain car rental fleet financing), consolidated income taxes, consolidated depreciation (other than depreciation related to the car rental fleet) and amortization and before certain other items, in each case as more fully described in the agreements governing Hertz's senior credit facilities.
On December 21, 2005, or the "Closing Date," an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Hertz Holdings acquired all of Hertz's common stock from Ford Holdings LLC, or "Ford Holdings," pursuant to a Stock Purchase Agreement, dated as of September 12, 2005, among Ford Motor Company, or "Ford," Ford Holdings and Hertz Holdings (previously known as CCMG Holdings, Inc.). As a result of this transaction, investment funds associated with or designated by Clayton, Dubilier & Rice, Inc., The Carlyle Group and Merrill Lynch Global Private Equity, or, collectively, the "Sponsors," owned over 99% of the common stock of Hertz Holdings. Following the initial public offering of the common stock of Hertz Holdings in November 2006, these funds currently own approximately 72% of the common stock of Hertz Holdings. We refer to the acquisition of all of Hertz's common stock as the "Acquisition." We refer to the Acquisition, together with related transactions entered into to finance the cash consideration for the Acquisition, to refinance certain of our existing indebtedness and to pay related transaction fees and expenses, as the "Transactions." The "Successor period ended December 31, 2005" refers to the 11-day period from December 21, 2005 to December 31, 2005 and the "Predecessor period ended December 20, 2005" refers to the period from January 1, 2005 to December 20, 2005. The term "Successor" refers to us following the Acquisition and the term "Predecessor" refers to us prior to the Closing Date.
Certain financial information in this prospectus for the Predecessor period ended December 20, 2005 and Successor period ended December 31, 2005 has been presented on a combined basis. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsResults of Operations" for a discussion of the presentation of our results for the year ended December 31, 2005 on a combined basis.
ii
This summary highlights information appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. You should carefully read the entire prospectus, including the section entitled "Risk Factors," beginning on page 23 and our financial statements and notes to those financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus before making any investment decision.
We own what we believe is the largest worldwide general use car rental brand and one of the largest equipment rental businesses in the United States, both based on revenues. Our Hertz brand name is one of the most recognized in the world, signifying leadership in quality rental services and products. In our car rental business segment, we and our independent licensees and associates accept reservations for car rentals at approximately 7,700 locations in approximately 145 countries. We are the only car rental company that has an extensive network of company-operated rental locations both in the United States and in all major European markets. We maintain the leading airport car rental brand market share, by overall reported revenues, in the United States and at the 69 major airports in Europe where we have company-operated locations and data regarding car rental concessionaire activity is available. We believe that we also maintain the second largest market share, by revenues, in the off-airport car rental market in the United States. In our equipment rental business segment, we rent equipment through approximately 360 branches in the United States, Canada, France and Spain, as well as through our international licensees. We and our predecessors have been in the car rental business since 1918 and in the equipment rental business since 1965.
We have a diversified revenue base and a highly variable cost structure and are able to dynamically manage fleet capacity, the most significant determinant of our costs. This has helped us to earn a pre-tax profit in each year since our incorporation in 1967. Our revenues have grown at a compound annual growth rate of 7.7% over the last 20 years, with year-over-year growth in 18 of those 20 years. For the year ended December 31, 2006 and the three months ended March 31, 2007, we generated consolidated revenues of $8,058.4 million and $1,921.5 million, respectively, income before income taxes and minority interest of $200.6 million and a loss before income taxes and minority interest of $90.6 million, respectively, and net income of $115.9 million and a net loss of $62.6 million, respectively. For a discussion of the presentation of our results for the year ended December 31, 2006, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsResults of Operations."
1
The table below sets forth key financial and other facts concerning our car rental and equipment rental business segments as of December 31, 2006 or for the year then ended, unless otherwise indicated. For the year ended December 31, 2006 and the three months ended March 31, 2007, our corporate and other segment had revenues of $7.8 million and $1.9 million, respectively, and losses before income taxes and minority interest of $442.4 million and $119.8 million, respectively. For more details regarding the key financial and other facts appearing below, see "Business," and for more information concerning our segment financial data, see Note 10 to the notes to our audited annual consolidated financial statements and Note 9 to the notes to our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
|
Car Rental |
Equipment Rental |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Year Ended December 31, 2006 |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2007 |
Year Ended December 31, 2006 |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2007 |
||||||||
|
(Dollars in millions, unless otherwise indicated) |
(Dollars in millions, unless otherwise indicated) |
||||||||||
Revenues | $ | 6,378.0 | $ | 1,529.7 | $ | 1,672.6 | $ | 389.9 | ||||
Income (Loss) Before Income Taxes and Minority Interest |
$ |
373.5 |
$ |
(16.8 |
) |
$ |
269.5 |
$ |
46.0 |
Key Facts | | #1 worldwide general use car rental brand(1) | | One of the largest equipment rental companies in the U.S. and Canadian markets combined | ||
|
#1 brand overall at U.S. airports with a #1 position in each of the business and leisure markets(2) |
|
Industry participant for over 40 years with a majority of its operations developed from organic growth |
|||
|
#1 overall airport brand position at 69 major European airports |
|
Worldwide same store sales growth in each of the past 13 quarters, over the comparable quarter in the preceding year |
|||
|
Approximately 28 million annual transactions |
|
26 month average fleet age in the United States, one of the youngest fleets in the industry |
|||
|
Balanced rental revenue base of 53% leisure and 47% business |
|
Broad diversity of fleet and customers |
|||
|
Over 80% of revenues generated from affiliated customer channels, including over 60 travel industry partnerships |
|
Nationwide presence in the United States, Canada, France and Spain, with over 45% of rental revenues in the United States and Canada combined derived from national accounts |
|||
|
Average of 432,600 company-operated cars in the fleet in 2006, with an average net book value of $8.1 billion |
|
Total of 223,000 pieces of equipment, with an average fleet acquisition cost during 2006 of $3.0 billion |
2
We operate in the global car rental industry and in the equipment rental industry, primarily in the United States. Both industries are large with favorable growth trends and opportunities.
We believe that the global car rental industry exceeds $30 billion in annual revenues. According to a 2007 report appearing in Auto Rental News, car rental revenues in the United States totaled approximately $20 billion in 2006 and have grown at a 5.0% compound annual growth rate since 1990, including 6.2% growth in 2006. We estimate that rentals by airline travelers at or near airports, or "airport rentals," accounted for approximately one-half of the total market in the United States. This portion of the market is significantly influenced by developments in the travel industry and particularly in airline passenger traffic, or "enplanements." The Federal Aviation Administration, or "FAA," projected in the first half of 2006 that U.S. domestic enplanements will grow at a compound annual rate of 3.2% from 2006 to 2017, consistent with long-term historical trends. According to Euromonitor International, car rentals in Western Europe account for over $12.5 billion in annual revenues, with the airport portion of the industry comprising approximately 38% of the total. The International Air Transport Association, or "IATA," projected in September 2006 that annual international enplanements would grow at an average annual rate of 4.8% from 2006 to 2010. The off-airport portion of the industry has rental volume primarily driven by local business use, leisure travel and the replacement of cars being repaired.
We estimate the size of the U.S. equipment rental industry, which is highly fragmented with few national competitors and many regional and local operators, to be approximately $38 billion in annual revenues for 2007. We believe that the industry grew at a 10.4% compound annual growth rate between 1991 and 2006. The equipment rental industry serves a broad range of customers from small local contractors to large industrial national accounts and encompasses a wide range of rental equipment from small tools to heavy earthmoving equipment. The industry is undergoing a strong recovery following the industrial recession and downturn in non-residential construction spending between 2001 and 2003. According to data from F.W. Dodge received in the second quarter of 2007, U.S. non-residential construction spending is projected to grow at an annual rate of 4% in 2007. We also believe, based on an article in Rental Equipment Register published on February 1, 2006, that rental equipment accounted for approximately 30% to 40% of all equipment sold into the U.S. construction industry in 2005, up from approximately 5% to 10% in 1991. In addition, we believe that the trend toward rental instead of ownership of equipment in the U.S. construction industry will continue and that as much as 50% of the equipment used in the industry could be rental equipment within the next ten years.
Premier Global Brand and Service Offerings
We believe that our premier brand and service offerings have allowed us to create and maintain a loyal customer base and command premium pricing across our businesses.
Car Rental. The Hertz brand is one of the most recognized brands in the world. It has been the only travel company brand to be listed in Business Week's "100 Most Valuable Global Brands," and has been included in this list during each year that it was eligible for inclusion in the study since the study's inception in 2001. We understand that this study is limited to companies with public equity and their subsidiaries, and as a result, Hertz was not eligible for inclusion in 2006. Our customer surveys indicate that, in the United States, Hertz is the car rental brand most associated with the highest quality service, which is consistent with numerous published best-in-class car rental awards that we have won over many years. We have sought to support our reputation for quality and customer service in car rental through a variety of innovative service offerings, such as our global expedited rental program, Hertz #1
3
Club Gold, which accounted for approximately 41% of our car rental transactions worldwide for the twelve months ended March 31, 2007.
Equipment Rental. HERC, which is operated under the Hertz Equipment Rental brand, has long been a leader in equipment rental in the United States. We believe HERC was the first equipment rental company to develop an extensive national account program, which continues to be the source of substantial revenues. HERC's leadership position has recently been enhanced through a substantial investment in sales force automation and the operation of a high quality and diverse fleet. From January 1, 2004 through March 31, 2007, we invested $1.5 billion, net of dispositions, in HERC's U.S. fleet, thereby reducing its average age to 27 months as of March 31, 2007, which we believe is one of the youngest fleets in the industry.
Clear and Sustained Market Leadership Position in Car Rental
We believe that Hertz is the leading worldwide general use car rental system, based on revenues. In the United States, we maintain the overall leading market share of airport car rentals among both business and leisure customers. Based on reported industry revenues for the year ended December 31, 2006, our market share at the approximately 190 largest U.S. airports where we operate was over 28%, and we had a margin of approximately nine percentage points over the closest competing brand. We have maintained a leadership position for more than 30 years. We also believe that we had the largest airport car rental brand market share, by reported revenues on a collective basis in 2006, at the 69 major airports in Europe where we have company-operated locations and data regarding car rental concessionaire activity was available.
Global, Diversified Business Mix
We believe that our mix of businesses, customer types, end-markets, distribution channels and geographies provides us with a diverse revenue stream that positions us to capitalize on growth opportunities throughout our markets and makes us less vulnerable to economic cycles and events that might negatively affect either of our industries or any specific geography. Within our car rental business, we maintain a relatively balanced mix of leisure and business rentals (representing 53% and 47%, respectively, of our car rental revenues for the year ended December 31, 2006 and 50% and 50%, respectively, of our car rental revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2007), and utilize a broad range of distribution channels and partnerships. Within our equipment rental business, we serve a wide variety of industries and have a broad mix of end customers from local contractors to large national industrial accounts.
Affiliated Customer Strategy Drives Premium Pricing and Customer Loyalty
Over 80% of our car rental revenues are derived from affiliated customer channels, such as corporate accounts, associations, travel industry partnerships and insurance companies. We believe that we are one of only two car rental brands that have the service offerings and market presence to consistently serve these affiliated customer channels on a global basis. Our corporate accounts, which account for approximately 40% of our total car rental revenues, represent a predictable source of revenues and a customer base that values our premium customer service. We have a leading position with this type of customer and provide our car rental services to most Fortune 500 companies. Our distribution partnerships include over 60 airlines, railroads and hotel chains worldwide, as well as leading traditional and online travel agencies and affiliations with non-travel organizations and associations.
4
Best-in-Class Fleet and Fleet Management
Car Rental. Our worldwide car rental fleet includes cars from over 30 manufacturers, and we believe our U.S. fleet mix is significantly more diversified than those of most of our major competitors. In the twelve months ended March 31, 2007, six manufacturers each supplied more than 5% of our U.S. fleet, while eight manufacturers each supplied more than 5% of our international fleet. We have longstanding relationships with leading American, European, Japanese and Korean automakers, enabling us to provide a wide variety of car models and brands to our customers. The diversity of our car fleet enables us to design innovative rental offerings, such as the Prestige, Fun and Green Collections, that help us maintain a competitive advantage over our competitors. In addition, we have substantial experience in the complex process of managing the mix of cars subject to manufacturer repurchase and similar programs, or "program cars," and other cars, or "risk cars," in our fleet. We maintain an extensive infrastructure that supports the efficient disposition of risk cars and enables us to be opportunistic when evaluating the relative merits of purchasing program and risk cars.
Equipment Rental. We believe that our U.S. equipment rental fleet is one of the youngest in the industry, offering a value proposition to our customers in terms of productivity, safety and operator use enhancements while simultaneously reducing HERC's maintenance costs and fleet downtime. Our diverse U.S. equipment rental fleet enables us to meet the rental equipment needs of many customers; moreover, we are further diversifying our fleet through the addition of general rental and specialty equipment at many locations. Our over 40 years of experience in the procurement and disposition of equipment allows us to adjust our fleet size efficiently in light of market trends.
Proprietary Strategic Information Systems
We utilize information technology comprehensively in the areas of reservations, fleet and rate management, customer relations and sales and marketing, as well as aspects of billing, finance, accounting and other reporting systems. Since January 1, 2001, we have invested more than $380 million in our proprietary information systems and computer equipment to permit us to conduct our business more efficiently and enhance our ability to offer innovative services. Our information systems, which we believe are unique in the car and equipment rental industries, permit us to provide superior end-to-end service to customers, maintain effective pricing structures in a rapidly changing environment, utilize our fleets efficiently and maintain a high level of control over our geographically dispersed operations.
5
Further Enhance Our Premier Car Rental Brand, Differentiated Service Offering and Affiliated Customer Base
The Hertz brand is recognized for superior customer service and a differentiated, premium product. We intend to maintain our position as a premier company through an intense focus on service, quality and product innovation. We believe that consistent investments in our core business activities, particularly in the areas of brand, facilities, technology, training and customer loyalty initiatives, will improve customer satisfaction and further enhance our premium brand position and product offerings. Continuing to strengthen these attributes will allow us to build our affiliated customer base and increase our share of profitable business.
Pursue Profitable Growth within Our Car Rental Business
We believe that we have significant opportunities for growth within our global car rental business that will allow us to sustain growth rates in this business consistent with historical levels.
U.S. Airport Market. We intend to maintain or expand our leading brand market share in the U.S. airport rental business and to continue to build upon our brand positioning and service differentiation, allowing us to capitalize on opportunities in the business and leisure travel markets and further strengthen the advantages arising from our leading market share position. We also intend, through reductions in our operating costs, to be able to accept rental business, such as short-term mid-week rentals, that had not previously been profitable for us.
U.S. Off-Airport Market Opportunities. We intend to leverage our significant recent investment in our U.S. off-airport network and to expand the network to enable us to further penetrate the large and growing insurance replacement rental market, as well as to increase our share of other off-airport business and leisure rentals. In the three years ended December 31, 2006, we increased the number of our off-airport rental locations in the United States by approximately 32% to approximately 1,380 locations. Through this investment, we believe we have achieved critical scale in the off-airport market and will continue to grow our revenue by increasing penetration in the insurance rental replacement market through new and existing insurance company customers as well as with our traditional business and leisure customers as evidenced by our off-airport revenue growth of approximately 27% over the three years ended December 31, 2006. We believe our off-airport platform has significant future growth potential.
European Markets. We believe that the European market presents airport rental growth opportunities resulting from the growth of European air travel due in large part to the presence of high volume, low cost air carriers and increasing use of the Internet throughout the continent. We intend to continue to build on our affiliated relationships with travel providers and other associations in Europe to increase our penetration of the European market. We also intend to increase our participation in the off-airport portion of the car rental market in Europe, especially in leisure, replacement and light trucks.
Increase Share of the Fragmented U.S. and International Equipment Rental Markets
We believe that our emphasis on customer service, large national account base, prominent brand name and diverse and comparatively young rental fleet will position HERC to continue to gain market share in the highly fragmented U.S. equipment rental market. HERC is pursuing this growth through an expansion in a number of mid- to large-sized metropolitan areas, many of which will be in markets with high growth potential for HERC and adjacent to current operations, which will allow us to leverage existing infrastructure and customer relationships. We also plan to further increase our presence in the U.S. general rental, industrial and specialty equipment markets, many of which can be
6
served from HERC's existing locations and provide incremental opportunities to increase revenues, margins and return on investment. Internationally, we plan to enhance our product offerings in countries where we currently operate and to expand into additional countries with good growth potential, either through acquisitions or new branch openings.
Further Improve Profitability, Cash Flow and Return on Capital
We believe that there are opportunities to further increase the productivity of our operations, thereby improving our profit margins and capital efficiency, as the profit margins that we have achieved in our car rental business during the twelve months ended March 31, 2007 are below our peak levels of profitability achieved in 2000. We have announced cost savings initiatives that have been or will be implemented in the first half of 2007, which include headcount reductions, that are expected to yield up to approximately $165 million in annualized savings. We believe there are further cost savings opportunities available to us through process improvements, business process outsourcing and other reductions in operating costs, and we expect to announce further updates to our plan for implementing these cost savings initiatives throughout the year. We also believe that we can improve our profitability by leveraging the investments we have made in building our off-airport business, in upgrading our airport facilities, and through the use of our enhanced information systems to optimize our pricing, yield management and fleet utilization generally. In addition, we believe, based on our current business plans, capital structure, and the like-kind exchange programs implemented in connection with our car rental and equipment rental fleets, we will not be required to pay material U.S. federal income taxes through 2010.
Pursue Growth Through Opportunistic Acquisitions
From time to time, we may pursue profitable growth of our global car and equipment rental businesses through opportunistic acquisitions, some of which may be significant. We may also seek to grow by acquiring businesses that complement our existing businesses. We believe our industry expertise, scale and demonstrated ability to reduce costs will enable us to improve the performance of businesses that we may acquire.
7
Investment funds associated with or designated by the Sponsors invested approximately $2,295.0 million in the aggregate in connection with the Acquisition. These funds currently own approximately 71.5% of our outstanding common stock, and, following the completion of this offering, will continue to own over 50% of our outstanding common stock. These funds will receive approximately $ million in net proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock in this offering.
Of the twelve members currently serving on our Board of Directors, seven are principals of the Sponsors. Under the terms of the Amended and Restated Stockholders Agreement that was entered into among the Sponsors in connection with our initial public offering, the Sponsors have certain rights regarding the nomination of candidates for election to the Board of Directors. Upon completion of this offering, investment funds associated with or designated by the Sponsors will continue to have the right to nominate a majority of the members of our Board of Directors. In addition, this agreement will continue to provide rights and restrictions with respect to certain transactions in our securities entered into by such investment funds.
Pursuant to consulting agreements entered into with each of the Sponsors, in connection with the Acquisition, Hertz paid a fee of $25 million to each Sponsor ($75 million in the aggregate) for certain direct acquisition and finance related services provided by the Sponsors and their affiliates. During 2006, pursuant to the consulting agreements, Hertz paid $3.0 million in the aggregate, plus out of pocket expenses, to the Sponsors for ongoing consulting services. Upon completion of the initial public offering of our common stock in November 2006, each of these agreements was terminated for a fee of $5 million ($15 million in the aggregate).
Clayton, Dubilier & Rice
Clayton, Dubilier & Rice Fund VII, L.P. and related funds are private investment funds managed by Clayton, Dubilier & Rice, Inc., or "CD&R." CD&R is a leading private equity investment firm that employs an integrated operational and financial approach to build and grow portfolio businesses. Approximately half of the firm's principals are seasoned corporate executives from major industrial enterprises and the remainder come from mergers and acquisitions, financing or investment backgrounds. Since its founding in 1978, CD&R has managed the investment of over $6 billion in 38 businessesmostly subsidiaries or divisions of large multibusiness corporationsrepresenting a broad range of industries with an aggregate transaction value in excess of $30 billion and revenues of more than $40 billion. CD&R and its affiliates have offices in New York and London. Investment funds associated with or designated by CD&R currently own approximately 24.1% of our outstanding common stock and, following the completion of this offering, will continue to own approximately 19.4% of our outstanding common stock, or approximately $1,401.2 million in equity value, calculated using the closing price of our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on June 1, 2007 and assuming that the underwriters do not exercise their option to purchase additional shares.
The Carlyle Group
Carlyle Partners IV, L.P. and related funds are private investment funds managed by TC Group, L.L.C. The Carlyle Group, or "Carlyle," is a global private equity firm with $58.5 billion under management. Carlyle invests in buyouts, venture & growth capital, real estate and leveraged finance in Asia, Europe and North America, focusing on aerospace & defense, automotive & transportation, consumer & retail, energy & power, healthcare, industrial, technology & business services and telecommunications & media. Since 1987, Carlyle has invested $28.3 billion of equity in 636 transactions for a total purchase price of more than $132.0 billion. Carlyle employs more than 800 people in 18 countries. In the aggregate, Carlyle portfolio companies have more than $87 billion in
8
revenues and employ more than 286,000 people around the world. Investment funds associated with or designated by Carlyle currently own approximately 23.8% of our outstanding common stock and, following the completion of this offering, will continue to own approximately 19.2% of our outstanding common stock, or approximately $1,383.1 million in equity value, calculated using the closing price of our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on June 1, 2007 and assuming that the underwriters do not exercise their option to purchase additional shares.
Merrill Lynch Global Private Equity
ML Global Private Equity Fund, L.P. and related funds are private investment funds managed by certain private equity arm affiliates of Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. or "MLGPE." MLGPE invests in companies with high growth/profitability prospects or strong cash flow characteristics and capable and experienced management teams. MLGPE's dedicated team of private equity professionals invests globally, across industries including general manufacturing, consumer products, as well as business and consumer services. MLGPE takes a partnership approach to investing with both management teams and other financial or strategic investors. Investment funds associated with or designated by MLGPE and their affiliates currently own approximately 23.5% of our outstanding common stock and, following the completion of this offering, will continue to own approximately 18.9% of our outstanding common stock, or approximately $1,365.9 million in equity value, calculated using the closing price of our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on June 1, 2007 and assuming that the underwriters do not exercise their option to purchase additional shares.
* * * *
Hertz Holdings and Hertz are incorporated under the laws of the state of Delaware. Our corporate headquarters are located at 225 Brae Boulevard, Park Ridge, New Jersey 07656. Our telephone number is (201) 307-2000.
9
Shares of common stock offered by the selling stockholders | 45,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of Hertz Holdings, or "our common stock." | |
Shares of common stock outstanding after the offering |
321,080,231 |
|
Option to purchase additional shares of common stock |
The selling stockholders have granted the underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to 6,750,000 shares of our common stock. |
|
Use of proceeds |
We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of our common stock by the selling stockholders. The selling stockholders include affiliates of Merrill Lynch & Co., an underwriter in this offering. |
|
Dividend policy |
We do not expect to pay dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future. |
|
New York Stock Exchange symbol |
HTZ |
As of May 31, 2007, we had outstanding 321,080,231 shares of common stock. Unless we specifically state otherwise, all information in this prospectus:
You should consider carefully all of the information set forth in this prospectus and, in particular, the information under the heading "Risk Factors" beginning on page 23 for risks involved in investing in our common stock.
10
SUMMARY HISTORICAL FINANCIAL DATA
The following tables present summary historical and unaudited consolidated financial information and other data for our business. The summary consolidated statement of operations data for the year ended December 31, 2006, the Successor period ended December 31, 2005, the Predecessor period ended December 20, 2005 and the year ended December 31, 2004 and the summary consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2006 presented below were derived from our audited annual consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus. The unaudited summary consolidated statement of operations data for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 and the unaudited summary condensed consolidated balance sheet data as of March 31, 2007 are derived from the unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus.
You should read the following summary historical financial data in conjunction with the historical financial statements and the related notes thereto and other financial information appearing elsewhere in this prospectus, including "Capitalization," "Selected Historical Consolidated Financial Data" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2007 |
2006 |
|||||||
|
(Dollars in millions except per share data) |
||||||||
Statement of Operations Data | |||||||||
Revenues | |||||||||
Car rental | $ | 1,505.1 | $ | 1,399.6 | |||||
Equipment rental | 389.8 | 363.1 | |||||||
Other(a) | 26.6 | 23.9 | |||||||
Total revenues | 1,921.5 | 1,786.6 | |||||||
Expenses | |||||||||
Direct operating | 1,114.3 | 1,070.1 | |||||||
Depreciation of revenue earning equipment(b) | 467.8 | 407.3 | |||||||
Selling, general and administrative | 200.4 | 162.2 | |||||||
Interest, net of interest income(c) | 229.6 | 210.3 | |||||||
Total expenses | 2,012.1 | 1,849.9 | |||||||
Loss before income taxes and minority interest | (90.6 | ) | (63.3 | ) | |||||
Benefit for taxes on income(d) | 32.1 | 17.3 | |||||||
Minority interest | (4.1 | ) | (3.2 | ) | |||||
Net loss | $ | (62.6 | ) | $ | (49.2 | ) | |||
Weighted average shares outstanding (in millions)(e) |
|||||||||
Basic | 320.6 | 229.5 | |||||||
Diluted | 320.6 | 229.5 | |||||||
Loss per share(e) | |||||||||
Basic | $ | (0.20 | ) | $ | (0.21 | ) | |||
Diluted | $ | (0.20 | ) | $ | (0.21 | ) | |||
Other Financial Data | |||||||||
Cash flows from operating activities | $ | 1,124.8 | $ | 1,205.0 | |||||
EBITDA(f) | 663.8 | 616.1 | |||||||
Corporate EBITDA(f) | 238.0 | 198.7 |
11
|
Historical |
|||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Successor |
Combined |
Successor |
Predecessor |
Predecessor |
|||||||||||||
|
|
|
For the periods from |
|
||||||||||||||
|
Year Ended December 31, 2006 |
Year Ended December 31, 2005(g) |
December 21, 2005 to December 31, 2005(g) |
January 1, 2005 to December 20, 2005(g) |
Year Ended December 31, 2004 |
|||||||||||||
|
(Dollars in millions except per share data) |
|||||||||||||||||
Statement of Operations Data | ||||||||||||||||||
Revenues | ||||||||||||||||||
Car rental | $ | 6,273.6 | $ | 5,949.9 | $ | 129.4 | $ | 5,820.5 | $ | 5,430.8 | ||||||||
Equipment rental | 1,672.1 | 1,414.9 | 22.5 | 1,392.4 | 1,162.0 | |||||||||||||
Other(a) | 112.7 | 104.4 | 2.6 | 101.8 | 83.2 | |||||||||||||
Total revenues | 8,058.4 | 7,469.2 | 154.5 | 7,314.7 | 6,676.0 | |||||||||||||
Expenses | ||||||||||||||||||
Direct operating | 4,476.0 | 4,189.3 | 103.0 | 4,086.3 | 3,734.4 | |||||||||||||
Depreciation of revenue earning equipment(b) | 1,757.2 | 1,599.7 | 43.8 | 1,555.9 | 1,463.3 | |||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative | 723.9 | 638.5 | 15.1 | 623.4 | 591.3 | |||||||||||||
Interest, net of interest income(c) | 900.7 | 500.0 | 25.8 | 474.2 | 384.4 | |||||||||||||
Total expenses | 7,857.8 | 6,927.5 | 187.7 | 6,739.8 | 6,173.4 | |||||||||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes and minority interest | 200.6 | 541.7 | (33.2 | ) | 574.9 | 502.6 | ||||||||||||
(Provision) benefit for taxes on income(d) | (68.0 | ) | (179.1 | ) | 12.2 | (191.3 | ) | (133.9 | ) | |||||||||
Minority interest | (16.7 | ) | (12.6 | ) | (0.3 | ) | (12.3 | ) | (3.2 | ) | ||||||||
Net income (loss) | $ | 115.9 | $ | 350.0 | $ | (21.3 | ) | $ | 371.3 | $ | 365.5 | |||||||
Weighted average shares outstanding (in millions)(e) |
||||||||||||||||||
Basic | 242.5 | 229.5 | 229.5 | 229.5 | 229.5 | |||||||||||||
Diluted | 243.4 | 229.5 | 229.5 | 229.5 | 229.5 | |||||||||||||
Earnings (loss) per share(e) | ||||||||||||||||||
Basic | 0.48 | $ | 1.53 | $ | (0.09 | ) | $ | 1.62 | $ | 1.59 | ||||||||
Diluted | 0.48 | $ | 1.53 | $ | (0.09 | ) | $ | 1.62 | $ | 1.59 | ||||||||
Other Financial Data | ||||||||||||||||||
Cash flows from operating activities | 2,614.6 | $ | 1,458.6 | $ | (277.5 | ) | $ | 1,736.1 | $ | 2,251.4 | ||||||||
EBITDA(f) | 3,100.7 | 2,819.5 | 43.7 | 2,775.8 | 2,525.3 | |||||||||||||
Corporate EBITDA(f) | 1,378.7 | 1,141.3 | (2.9 | ) | 1,144.2 |
12
|
As of March 31, 2007 |
As of December 31, 2006 |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(Dollars in millions) |
|||||
Balance Sheet Data | ||||||
Cash and equivalents | $ | 476.9 | $ | 674.5 | ||
Total assets(h) | 18,526.8 | 18,677.4 | ||||
Total debt | 11,756.9 | 12,276.2 | ||||
Stockholders' equity(i) | 2,482.8 | 2,534.6 |
|
Historical |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Successor |
Combined |
Predecessor |
||||||||||||||
|
Three Months Ended, or as of March 31 |
Year Ended, or as of December 31, |
Years Ended, or as of December 31, |
||||||||||||||
|
2007 |
2006 |
2006 |
2005 |
2004 |
||||||||||||
Selected Car Rental Operating Data | |||||||||||||||||
Worldwide number of transactions (in thousands) | 6,670 | 6,415 | 28,054 | 27,920 | 26,830 | ||||||||||||
Domestic | 5,073 | 4,917 | 20,990 | 21,081 | 20,227 | ||||||||||||
International | 1,597 | 1,498 | 7,064 | 6,839 | 6,603 | ||||||||||||
Worldwide transaction days(j) (in thousands) |
28,936 | 27,783 | 123,462 | 122,102 | 115,246 | ||||||||||||
Domestic | 20,846 | 20,195 | 85,931 | 86,116 | 81,262 | ||||||||||||
International | 8,090 | 7,588 | 37,531 | 35,986 | 33,984 | ||||||||||||
Worldwide rental rate revenue per transaction day(k) | $ | 44.72 | $ | 44.70 | $ | 43.15 | $ | 42.03 | $ | 41.92 | |||||||
Domestic | $ | 44.39 | $ | 44.44 | $ | 43.86 | $ | 42.43 | $ | 41.85 | |||||||
International | $ | 45.56 | $ | 45.40 | $ | 41.53 | $ | 41.10 | $ | 42.10 | |||||||
Worldwide average number of company-operated cars during period | 423,400 | 402,700 | 432,600 | 433,500 | 409,800 | ||||||||||||
Domestic | 302,500 | 288,300 | 294,900 | 299,800 | 284,000 | ||||||||||||
International | 120,900 | 114,400 | 137,700 | 133,700 | 125,800 | ||||||||||||
Adjusted pre-tax income(l) (in millions of dollars) |
$ | 36.9 | $ | 17.5 | |||||||||||||
Worldwide revenue earning equipment, net (in millions of dollars) | $ | 8,036.5 | $ | 8,177.4 | $ | 7,366.4 | $ | 7,399.5 | $ | 7,597.2 | |||||||
Selected Worldwide Equipment Rental Operating Data | |||||||||||||||||
Rental and rental related revenue(m) (in millions of dollars) |
$ | 348.0 | $ | 321.6 | $ | 1,462.6 | $ | 1,254.3 | $ | 1,032.5 | |||||||
Same store revenue growth(n) | 4.8 | % | 27.7 | % | 16.8 | % | 21.6 | % | 13.3 | % | |||||||
Average acquisition cost of rental equipment operated during period (in millions of dollars) | $ | 3,092.1 | $ | 2,757.9 | $ | 3,018.3 | $ | 2,588.0 | $ | 2,305.7 | |||||||
Adjusted pre-tax income(l) (in millions of dollars) |
$ | 65.6 | $ | 53.3 | |||||||||||||
Revenue earning equipment, net (in millions of dollars) | $ | 2,422.4 | $ | 2,193.8 | $ | 2,439.1 | $ | 2,075.5 | $ | 1,525.7 |
13
equipment includes a net loss of $5.1 million, net gains of $17.0 million, $35.9 million, $2.1 million, $68.3 million and $57.2 million, respectively, from the disposal of revenue earning equipment.
14
15
consolidated leverage ratio of not more than 5.75:1 and a consolidated interest expense coverage ratio of not less than 1.75:1. In addition, under its senior asset based loan facility, if there is less than $200 million of available borrowing capacity under that facility as of March 31, 2007, Hertz is required to have a consolidated leverage ratio of not more than 5.75:1 and a consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio of not less than 1:1 for the four quarters then ended. Under the senior term loan facility, for the three months ended March 31, 2007, we had a consolidated leverage ratio of approximately 3.3:1 and a consolidated interest expense coverage ratio of approximately 3.2:1. Since we have maintained sufficient borrowing capacity under our senior asset based loan facility as of March 31, 2007, and expect to maintain such capacity in the future, the consolidated fixed charge coverage ratio was not deemed relevant for presentation. For further information on the terms of Hertz's senior credit facilities, see "Description of Certain IndebtednessSenior Credit Facilities." We have a significant amount of debt. For a discussion of the risks associated with our significant leverage, see "Risk FactorsRisks Relating to Our Substantial Indebtedness."
|
|
|
|
|
Successor |
Predecessor |
|||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Successor |
Combined |
From the Periods From |
|
|||||||||||||||||||
|
Three Months Ended March 31, 2007 |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2006 |
Year ended December 31, 2006 |
Year ended December 31, 2005 |
December 21, 2005 to December 31, 2005 |
January 1, 2005 to December 20, 2005 |
Year ended December 31, 2004 |
||||||||||||||||
Net (loss) income(1) | $ | (62.6 | ) | $ | (49.2 | ) | $ | 115.9 | $ | 350.0 | $ | (21.3 | ) | $ | 371.3 | $ | 365.5 | ||||||
Depreciation and amortization(2) | 528.9 | 472.3 | 2,016.1 | 1,790.4 | 51.4 | 1,739.0 | 1,641.5 | ||||||||||||||||
Interest, net of interest income(1)(3) | 229.6 | 210.3 | 900.7 | 500.0 | 25.8 | 474.2 | 384.4 | ||||||||||||||||
(Benefit) provision for taxes on income | (32.1 | ) | (17.3 | ) | 68.0 | 179.1 | (12.2 | ) | 191.3 | 133.9 | |||||||||||||
EBITDA | 663.8 | 616.1 | 3,100.7 | 2,819.5 | 43.7 | 2,775.8 | $ | 2,525.3 | |||||||||||||||
Adjustments: |
|||||||||||||||||||||||
Car rental fleet interest(4) | (102.8 | ) | (98.0 | ) | (400.0 | ) | (406.9 | ) | (11.7 | ) | (395.2 | ) | |||||||||||
Car rental fleet depreciation(5) | (395.9 | ) | (345.6 | ) | (1,479.6 | ) | (1,381.5 | ) | (37.4 | ) | (1,344.1 | ) | |||||||||||
Non cash expenses and charges(6) | 37.7 | 31.4 | 130.6 | 106.2 | 2.5 | 103.7 | |||||||||||||||||
Extraordinary, unusual or non recurring gains or losses(7) | 35.2 | (6.0 | ) | 23.8 | 4.0 | | 4.0 | ||||||||||||||||
Sponsors' fees | | 0.8 | 3.2 | | | | |||||||||||||||||
Pro forma Corporate EBITDA(8) | $ | 238.0 | $ | 198.7 | $ | 1,378.7 | $ | 1,141.3 | $ | (2.9 | ) | $ | 1,144.2 | ||||||||||
16
17
|
Successor |
Combined |
Successor |
Predecessor |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Periods From |
||||||||||||||
|
Three Months Ended March 31, 2007 |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2006 |
|
|
|||||||||||||||
|
Year ended December 31, 2006 |
Year ended December 31, 2005 |
December 21, 2005 to December 31, 2005 |
January 1, 2005 to December 20, 2005 |
|||||||||||||||
Corporate non-cash stock-based employee compensation charges | $ | 6.1 | $ | | $ | 27.2 | $ | 10.5 | $ | | $ | 10.5 | |||||||
Corporate non-cash charges for public liability and property damage | 1.8 | | | | | | |||||||||||||
Corporate unrealized losses on currency translation of Euro-denominated debt | | 6.5 | 19.2 | | | | |||||||||||||
Non-cash amortization of debt costs included in car rental fleet interest | 25.7 | 21.5 | 71.6 | 83.2 | 2.5 | 80.7 | |||||||||||||
Non-cash charges for workers' compensation | 2.5 | 3.4 | 1.0 | 12.5 | | 12.5 | |||||||||||||
Corporate non-cash charges for pension | 1.3 | | 9.1 | | | | |||||||||||||
Corporate unrealized loss on derivatives | 0.3 | | 2.5 | | | | |||||||||||||
Total | $ | 37.7 | $ | 31.4 | $ | 130.6 | $ | 106.2 | $ | 2.5 | $ | 103.7 | |||||||
|
Successor |
Combined |
Successor |
Predecessor |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Periods From |
||||||||||||||
|
Three Months Ended March 31, 2007 |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2006 |
|
|
|||||||||||||||
|
Year ended December 31, 2006 |
Year ended December 31, 2005 |
December 21, 2005 to December 31, 2005 |
January 1, 2005 to December 20, 2005 |
|||||||||||||||
European headquarters relocation costs | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 4.0 | $ | | $ | 4.0 | |||||||
Restructuring charges | 32.6 | | | | | | |||||||||||||
Corporate Chief Executive Officer transition costs | 2.6 | 0.6 | 9.8 | | | | |||||||||||||
Corporate Sponsor fee termination costs | | | 15.0 | | | | |||||||||||||
Gain on sale of swap derivative | | (6.6 | ) | (1.0 | ) | | | | |||||||||||
Total | $ | 35.2 | $ | (6.0 | ) | $ | 23.8 | $ | 4.0 | $ | | $ | 4.0 | ||||||
18
year ended December 31, 2005, the Successor period ended December 31, 2005, the Predecessor period ended December 20, 2005 and the year ended December 31, 2004, respectively (in millions of dollars):
|
Successor |
Combined |
Successor |
Predecessor |
|||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Periods From |
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Three Months Ended March 31, 2007 |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2006 |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
Year ended December 31, 2006 |
Year ended December 31, 2005 |
December 21, 2005 to December 31, 2005 |
January 1, 2005 to December 20, 2005 |
Year ended December 31, 2004 |
||||||||||||||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities | $ | 1,124.8 | $ | 1,205.0 | $ | 2,614.6 | $ | 1,458.6 | $ | (277.5 | ) | $ | 1,736.1 | $ | 2,251.4 | ||||||||
Stock-based employee compensation | (6.1 | ) | | (27.2 | ) | (10.5 | ) | | (10.5 | ) | (5.6 | ) | |||||||||||
Provision for public liability and property damage | (47.0 | ) | (45.8 | ) | (169.1 | ) | (160.0 | ) | (1.9 | ) | (158.1 | ) | (153.1 | ) | |||||||||
Amortization of debt costs and debt modification costs | (35.6 | ) | (29.2 | ) | (105.0 | ) | (9.1 | ) | (1.8 | ) | (7.3 | ) | (7.5 | ) | |||||||||
Provision for losses on doubtful accounts | (2.9 | ) | (4.6 | ) | (17.1 | ) | (11.9 | ) | (0.5 | ) | (11.4 | ) | (14.1 | ) | |||||||||
Loss on revaluation of foreign denominated debt | | (6.5 | ) | (19.2 | ) | 2.8 | 2.8 | | | ||||||||||||||
(Loss) gain on ineffectiveness of interest rate swaps | (12.8 | ) | 1.0 | 1.0 | | | | | |||||||||||||||
Minority interest | (4.1 | ) | (3.2 | ) | (16.7 | ) | (12.6 | ) | (0.3 | ) | (12.3 | ) | (3.2 | ) | |||||||||
Deferred taxes on income | 24.2 | (0.6 | ) | (30.4 | ) | 423.7 | 12.2 | 411.5 | (129.6 | ) | |||||||||||||
Payments of public liability and property damage claims and expenses | 45.2 | 44.0 | 192.5 | 163.8 | 7.9 | 155.9 | 178.7 | ||||||||||||||||
(Benefit) provision for taxes on income | (32.1 | ) | (17.3 | ) | 68.0 | 179.1 | (12.2 | ) | 191.3 | 133.9 | |||||||||||||
Interest expense, net of interest income | 229.6 | 210.3 | 900.7 | 500.0 | 25.8 | 474.2 | 384.4 | ||||||||||||||||
Net changes in assets and liabilities | (619.4 | ) | (737.0 | ) | (291.4 | ) | 295.6 | 289.2 | 6.4 | (110.0 | ) | ||||||||||||
EBITDA | $ | 663.8 | $ | 616.1 | $ | 3,100.7 | $ | 2,819.5 | $ | 43.7 | $ | 2,775.8 | $ | 2,525.3 | |||||||||
19
|
Successor |
Combined |
Predecessor |
||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Three Months Ended March 31, 2007 |
Year Ended December 31, |
|||||||||||||||
|
2007 |
2006 |
2006 |
2005 |
2004 |
||||||||||||
Car rental revenue per statement of operations | $ | 1,505.1 | $ | 1,399.6 | $ | 6,273.6 | $ | 5,949.9 | $ | 5,430.8 | |||||||
Non-rental rate revenue | (211.4 | ) | (189.1 | ) | (836.8 | ) | (758.2 | ) | (561.4 | ) | |||||||
Foreign currency adjustment | 0.4 | 31.4 | (109.5 | ) | (59.2 | ) | (37.8 | ) | |||||||||
Rental rate revenue | $ | 1,294.1 | $ | 1,241.9 | $ | 5,327.3 | $ | 5,132.5 | $ | 4,831.6 | |||||||
Transaction days (in thousands) | 28,936 | 27,783 | 123,462 | 122,102 | 115,246 | ||||||||||||
Rental rate revenue per transaction day (RPD) (in whole dollars) | $ | 44.72 | $ | 44.70 | $ | 43.15 | $ | 42.03 | $ | 41.92 |
20
income (loss) before income taxes and minority interest by segment to adjusted pre-tax income (loss) for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 (in millions of dollars):
|
Three Months Ended March 31, 2007 |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Car Rental |
Equipment Rental |
Corporate and Other |
||||||||
(Loss) income before income taxes and minority interest | $ | (16.8 | ) | $ | 46.0 | $ | (119.8 | ) | |||
Adjustments: | |||||||||||
Purchase accounting(1) | 7.7 | 15.0 | 0.4 | ||||||||
Non-cash debt charges(2) | 26.3 | 2.8 | 19.3 | ||||||||
Restructuring charges | 19.7 | 1.8 | 11.1 | ||||||||
Chief Executive Officer transition costs | | | 2.6 | ||||||||
Adjusted pre-tax income (loss) | $ | 36.9 | $ | 65.6 | $ | (86.4 | ) | ||||
|
Three Months Ended March 31, 2006 |
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Car Rental |
Equipment Rental |
Corporate and Other |
||||||||
(Loss) income before income taxes and minority interest | $ | (11.1 | ) | $ | 34.5 | $ | (86.7 | ) | |||
Adjustments: | |||||||||||
Purchase accounting(1) | 6.5 | 14.9 | 0.6 | ||||||||
Non-cash debt charges(2) | 22.1 | 3.9 | 3.2 | ||||||||
Mark-to-market Euro denominated debt(3) | | | 6.5 | ||||||||
Gain on sale of swap derivative(4) | | | (6.6 | ) | |||||||
Chief Executive Officer transition costs | | | 0.6 | ||||||||
Adjusted pre-tax income (loss) | $ | 17.5 | $ | 53.3 | $ | (82.4 | ) | ||||
21
|
Successor |
Combined |
Predecessor |
||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
Year Ended December 31, |
|||||||||||||||
|
2007 |
2006 |
2006 |
2005 |
2004 |
||||||||||||
|
(Dollars in millions) |
||||||||||||||||
Equipment rental revenue per statement of operations | $ | 389.8 | $ | 363.0 | $ | 1,672.1 | $ | 1,414.9 | $ | 1,162.0 | |||||||
Equipment sales and other revenue | (41.7 | ) | (44.1 | ) | (193.6 | ) | (158.8 | ) | (134.2 | ) | |||||||
Foreign currency adjustment | (0.1 | ) | 2.7 | (15.9 | ) | (1.8 | ) | 4.7 | |||||||||
Rental and rental related revenue | $ | 348.0 | $ | 321.6 | $ | 1,462.6 | $ | 1,254.3 | $ | 1,032.5 | |||||||
22
Our business is subject to a number of important risks and uncertainties, some of which are described below. Any of these risks may have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. In such a case, you may lose all or part of your investment in our common stock.
Risks Related to Our Business
An economic downturn could result in a decline in business and leisure travel and non-residential capital investment, which could harm our business.
Our results of operations are affected by many economic factors, including the level of economic activity in the markets in which we operate. A decline in economic activity either in the United States or in international markets may have a material adverse effect on our business. In the car rental business, a decline in economic activity typically results in a decline in both business and leisure travel and, accordingly, a decline in the volume of car rental transactions. In the equipment rental business, a decline in economic activity typically results in a decline in activity in non-residential construction and other businesses in which our equipment rental customers operate and, therefore, results in a decline in the volume of equipment rental transactions. In the case of a decline in car or equipment rental activity, we may reduce rental rates to meet competitive pressures, which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. A decline in economic activity also may have a material adverse effect on residual values realized on the disposition of our revenue earning cars and/or equipment.
We face intense competition that may lead to downward pricing, or an inability to increase prices, which could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.
The markets in which we operate are highly competitive. See "BusinessWorldwide Car RentalCompetition" and "BusinessEquipment RentalCompetition." We believe that price is one of the primary competitive factors in the car and equipment rental markets. Our competitors, some of whom may have access to substantial capital, may seek to compete aggressively on the basis of pricing. To the extent that we match competitors' downward pricing, it could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations. To the extent that we do not match or remain within a reasonable competitive distance from our competitors' pricing, it could also have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, as we may lose rental volume. The Internet has increased pricing transparency among car rental companies by enabling cost-conscious customers, including business travelers, to more easily obtain the lowest rates available from car rental companies for any given trip. This transparency may increase the prevalence and intensity of price competition in the future.
Our car rental business is dependent on the air travel industry, and disruptions in air travel patterns could harm our business.
We estimate that approximately 72% of our worldwide car rental revenues during the twelve months ended March 31, 2007 were generated at our airport rental locations. Significant capacity reductions or airfare increases (e.g., due to an increase in fuel costs) could result in reduced air travel and have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. In addition, any event that disrupts or reduces business or leisure air travel could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations. In particular, many U.S. airlines have experienced economic distress in recent years. Any further deterioration in the economic condition of U.S. and international airlines could exacerbate reductions in air travel. Other events that impact air travel could include work stoppages, military conflicts, terrorist incidents, natural disasters, epidemic diseases, or the response of governments to any of these events. For example, shortly before the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, we estimated that we would earn a pre-tax profit of approximately $250 million in 2001; by contrast, our actual pre-tax profit
23
for 2001 was only approximately $3 million, and we continued to feel the adverse effects of the attacks well into the following year. On a smaller scale, the 2003 outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, or "SARS," in the Toronto, Canada area and parts of Asia, significantly reduced our 2003 results of operations in Canada.
Our business is highly seasonal, and a disruption in rental activity during our peak season could materially adversely affect our results of operations.
Certain significant components of our expenses, including real estate taxes, rent, utilities, maintenance and other facility-related expenses, the costs of operating our information systems and minimum staffing costs, are fixed in the short-run. Seasonal changes in our revenues do not alter those fixed expenses, typically resulting in higher profitability in periods when our revenues are higher and lower profitability in periods when our revenues are lower. The second and third quarters of the year have historically been our strongest quarters due to their increased levels of leisure travel and construction activity. In 2006, the second and third quarters accounted for approximately 25% and 28% of total revenues and 29% and 82% of income before income taxes and minority interest, respectively. Any occurrence that disrupts rental activity during the second or third quarters could have a disproportionately material adverse effect on our liquidity and/or results of operations. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsLiquidity and Capital Resources."
We may not be successful in our business strategy to expand into the off-airport rental market, including marketing to replacement renters and insurance companies that reimburse or pay for such rentals.
We have been increasing our presence in the off-airport car rental market in the United States. We currently intend to pursue profitable growth opportunities in the off-airport market. We may do this through a combination of selected new location openings, a disciplined evaluation of existing locations and the pursuit of same-store sales growth. In order to increase revenues at our existing and any new off-airport locations, we will need to successfully market to insurance companies and other companies that provide rental referrals to those needing cars while their vehicles are being repaired or are temporarily unavailable for other reasons, as well as to the renters themselves. This could involve a significant number of additional off-airport locations or strategic changes with respect to our existing locations. We incur minimal non-fleet costs in opening our new off-airport locations, but new off-airport locations, once opened, take time to generate their full potential revenues. As a result, revenues at new locations do not initially cover their start-up costs and often do not, for some time, cover the costs of their ongoing operation. See "BusinessWorldwide Car RentalOperations." The results of this strategy and the success of our implementation of this strategy will not be known for a number of years. If we are unable to grow profitably in our off-airport network, properly react to changes in market conditions or successfully market to replacement renters and the insurance companies covering the cost of their rentals, our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially adversely affected.
We face risks of increased costs of cars and of decreased profitability, including as a result of limited supplies of competitively priced cars.
We believe we are one of the largest private sector purchasers of new cars in the world for our rental fleet, and during the twelve months ended March 31, 2007, our approximate average holding period for a rental car was ten months in the United States and nine months in our international car rental operations. In recent years, the average cost of new cars has increased. In the United States, increases of approximately 17% in monthly per-car depreciation costs for 2006 model year program cars began to adversely affect our results of operations in the fourth quarter of 2005, as those cars began to enter our fleet. On a comparable basis, we expect 2007 model year program vehicle
24
depreciation costs to rise approximately 20% and per-car depreciation costs for 2007 model year U.S. risk cars to decline slightly. As a consequence of those changes in per-car costs, as well as the larger proportion of our U.S. fleet we expect to purchase as risk cars and other actions we expect to take to mitigate program car cost increases, we expect our net per-car depreciation costs for 2007 model year cars in the United States will increase by approximately 4% from our net per-car depreciation costs for 2006 model year U.S. cars. We began to experience the impact of those cost changes and mitigation actions in the fourth quarter of 2006, as substantial numbers of 2007 model year cars began to enter our U.S. rental fleet. We may not be able to offset these car cost increases to a degree sufficient to maintain our profitability.
Historically, we have purchased more of the cars we rent from Ford than from any other automobile manufacturer. Over the five years ended December 31, 2006, approximately 47% of the cars acquired by us for our U.S. car rental fleet, and approximately 32% of the cars acquired by us for our international fleet, were manufactured by Ford and its subsidiaries. During the twelve months ended March 31, 2007, approximately 33% of the cars acquired by us domestically were manufactured by Ford and its subsidiaries and approximately 29% of the cars acquired by us for our international fleet were manufactured by Ford and its subsidiaries, which represented the largest percentage of any automobile manufacturer during that period. Under our Master Supply and Advertising Agreement with Ford, Ford has agreed to develop fleet offerings in the United States that are generally competitive with terms and conditions of similar offerings by other automobile manufacturers. The Master Supply and Advertising Agreement expires in 2010. "BusinessWorldwide Car RentalRelationship with FordFord Supply and Advertising Arrangements." We cannot assure you that we will be able to extend the Master Supply and Advertising Agreement beyond its current term or enter into similar agreements at reasonable terms. In the future, we expect to buy a smaller proportion of our car rental fleet from Ford than we have in the past. If Ford does not offer us competitive terms and conditions, and we are not able to purchase sufficient quantities of cars from other automobile manufacturers on competitive terms and conditions, then we may be forced to purchase cars at higher prices, or on terms less competitive, than for cars purchased by our competitors. Historically, we have also purchased a significant percentage of our car rental fleet from General Motors Corporation, or "General Motors." Over the five years ended December 31, 2006, approximately 19% of the cars acquired by us for our U.S. car rental fleet, and approximately 15% of the cars acquired by us for our international fleet, were manufactured by General Motors. During the twelve months ended March 31, 2007, approximately 20% of the cars acquired by our U.S. car rental fleet, and approximately 14% of the cars acquired by us for our international fleet, were manufactured by General Motors.
To date we have not entered into any long-term car supply arrangements with manufacturers other than Ford. In addition, certain car manufacturers, including Ford, have adopted strategies to de-emphasize sales to the car rental industry which they view as less profitable due to historical sales incentive and other discount programs that tended to lower the average cost of cars for fleet purchasers such as us. Reduced or limited supplies of equipment together with increased prices are risks that we also face in our equipment rental business. We cannot offer assurance that we will be able to pass on increased costs of cars or equipment to our rental customers. Failure to pass on significant cost increases to our customers would have a material adverse impact on our results of operations and financial condition.
We face risks related to decreased acquisition or disposition of cars through repurchase and guaranteed depreciation programs.
For the twelve months ended March 31, 2007, approximately 57% of the cars purchased in our combined U.S. and international car rental fleet were subject to repurchase by car manufacturers under contractual repurchase or guaranteed depreciation programs. Under these programs, car manufacturers agree to repurchase cars at a specified price or guarantee the depreciation rate on the cars during a
25
specified time period, typically subject to certain car condition and mileage requirements. These repurchase and guaranteed depreciation programs limit the risk to us that the market value of a car at the time of its disposition will be less than its estimated residual value at such time. We refer to this risk as "residual risk." For this reason, cars purchased by car rental companies under repurchase and guaranteed depreciation programs are sometimes referred to by industry participants as "program" cars. Conversely, those cars not purchased under repurchase or guaranteed depreciation programs for which the car rental company is exposed to residual risk are sometimes referred to as "risk" cars.
Repurchase and guaranteed depreciation programs enable us to determine our depreciation expense in advance. This predictability is useful to us, since depreciation is a significant cost factor in our operations. Repurchase and guaranteed depreciation programs are also useful in managing our seasonal peak demand for fleet, because some of them permit us to acquire cars and dispose of them after relatively short periods of time. A trade-off we face when we purchase program cars is that we typically pay the manufacturer of a program car more than we would pay to buy the same car as a risk car. Program cars thus involve a larger initial investment than their risk counterparts. If a program car is damaged or otherwise becomes ineligible for return or sale under the relevant program, our loss upon the disposition of the car will be larger than if the car had been a risk car, because our initial investment in the car was larger.
We expect the percentage of our car rental fleet subject to repurchase or guaranteed depreciation programs to decrease substantially due primarily to changes in the terms offered by automobile manufacturers under repurchase programs. Accordingly, we expect to bear increased risk relating to the residual market value and the related depreciation on our car rental fleet and to use different rotational techniques to accommodate our seasonal peak demand for cars.
Repurchase and guaranteed depreciation programs generally provide us with flexibility to reduce the size of our fleet by returning cars sooner than originally expected without risk of loss in the event of an economic downturn or to respond to changes in rental demand. This flexibility will be reduced as the percentage of program cars in our car rental fleet decreases materially. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsOverview" and "BusinessWorldwide Car RentalFleet."
In the future, car manufacturers could modify or eliminate their repurchase or guaranteed depreciation programs or change their return policies (which include condition, mileage and holding period requirements for returned cars) from one program year to another to make it disadvantageous to acquire certain cars. Any such modification or elimination would increase our exposure to the risks described in the preceding paragraphs. In addition, because we obtain a substantial portion of our financing in reliance on repurchase and guaranteed depreciation programs, the modification or elimination of those programs, or the associated return policies, by manufacturers or significant adverse changes in the financial condition of manufacturers could make needed vehicle-related debt financing significantly more difficult to obtain on reasonable terms. See "Our reliance on asset-backed financing to purchase cars subjects us to a number of risks, many of which are beyond our control."
We could be harmed by a decline in the results of operations or financial condition of the manufacturers of our cars, particularly if they are unable, or reject their obligations, to repurchase program cars from us or to guarantee the depreciation of program cars.
In the past several years, Ford and General Motors, which are the principal suppliers of cars to us on both a program and risk basis, have experienced deterioration in their operating results and significant declines in their credit ratings. A severe or persistent decline in the results of operations or financial condition of a manufacturer of cars that we own could reduce the cars' residual values, particularly to the extent that the manufacturer unexpectedly announced the eventual elimination of its models or nameplates or ceased manufacturing them altogether. Such a reduction could cause us to
26
sustain a loss on the ultimate sale of risk cars, on which we bear the risk of such declines in residual value, or require us to depreciate those cars on a more rapid basis while we own them.
In addition, if a decline in results or conditions were so severe as to cause a manufacturer to default on an obligation to repurchase or guarantee the depreciation of program cars we own, or to cause a manufacturer to commence bankruptcy reorganization proceedings, and reject its repurchase or guaranteed depreciation obligations, we would have to dispose of those program cars without the benefits of the associated programs. This could significantly increase our expenses. In addition, disposing of program cars following a manufacturer default or rejection of the program in bankruptcy could result in losses similar to those associated with the disposition of cars that have become ineligible for return or sale under the applicable program. Such losses could be material if a large number of program cars were affected. For example, we estimate that if Ford Motor Company, but not its subsidiaries, were to file for bankruptcy reorganization and reject all its commitments to repurchase program cars from us, we would sustain material losses, which could be as high as over $100 million, upon disposition of those cars. A reduction in the number of program cars that we buy would reduce the magnitude of this exposure, but it would simultaneously increase our exposure to residual value risk. See "We face risks related to decreased acquisition or disposition of cars through repurchase and guaranteed depreciation programs."
Any default or reorganization of a manufacturer that has sold us program cars might also leave us with a substantial unpaid claim against the manufacturer with respect to program cars that were sold and returned to the car manufacturer but not paid for, or that were sold for less than their agreed repurchase price or guaranteed value. For the twelve months ended March 31, 2007, outstanding month-end receivables for cars sold to manufacturers were as much as $805 million, with the highest amount for a single manufacturer being $204 million owed by Ford. A decline in the economic and business prospects of car manufacturers, including any economic distress impacting the suppliers of car components to manufacturers, could also cause manufacturers to raise the prices we pay for cars or reduce their supply to us. In addition, events negatively affecting the car manufacturers could affect how much we may borrow under our asset-backed financing. See "Our reliance on asset-backed financing to purchase cars subjects us to a number of risks, many of which are beyond our control."
We may not be successful in implementing our strategy of reducing operating costs and our cost reduction initiatives may have other adverse consequences.
We are implementing initiatives to reduce our operating expenses. These initiatives include headcount reductions and business process outsourcing, as well as other expense controls. We cannot assure you that we will be able to implement our cost reduction initiatives successfully, or at all. In the three months ended March 31, 2007, we incurred $32.6 million of costs relating to our cost reduction initiatives, and we anticipate incurring further expenses throughout the year, some of which may be material in the period in which they are incurred.
Even if we are successful in our cost reduction initiatives, we may face other risks associated with our plans, including declines in employee morale, the level of customer service we provide or the effectiveness of our internal controls. In addition, investors or securities analysts who cover the common stock of Hertz Holdings may not agree with us that these changes are beneficial, and our stock price may decline as a result. Any of these risks could materialize and therefore may have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Our reliance on asset-backed financing to purchase cars subjects us to a number of risks, many of which are beyond our control.
We rely significantly on asset backed financing to purchase cars for our domestic and international car rental fleets. In connection with the Acquisition, a bankruptcy remote special purpose entity wholly
27
owned by us issued approximately $4,300 million of new debt (plus an additional $1,500 million in the form of variable funding notes issued but not funded at the closing of the Acquisition) backed by our U.S. car rental fleet under our U.S. asset backed securities program, or our "ABS Program." In addition, we issued $600 million of medium term notes backed by our U.S. car rental fleet prior to the Acquisition, or the "pre-Acquisition ABS Notes," all of which remain outstanding. As part of the Acquisition, various of our non-U.S. subsidiaries and certain special purpose entities issued approximately $1,781 million of debt under loan facilities secured by rental vehicles and related assets of certain of our subsidiaries (all of which are organized outside the United States) or by rental equipment and related assets of certain of our subsidiaries organized outside North America, as well as (subject to certain limited exceptions) substantially all our other assets outside North America. The asset backed debt issued in connection with the Transactions has expected final payment dates ranging from 2008 to 2010 and the pre-Acquisition ABS Notes have expected final payment dates ranging from 2007 to 2009. Based upon these repayment dates, this debt will need to be refinanced within the next three years. Consequently, if our access to asset backed financing were reduced or were to become significantly more expensive for any reason, we cannot assure you that we would be able to refinance or replace our existing asset backed financing or continue to finance new car acquisitions through asset backed financing on favorable terms, or at all. Our asset backed financing capacity could be decreased, or financing costs and interest rates could be increased, as a result of risks and contingencies, many of which are beyond our control, including, without limitation:
Any disruption in our ability to refinance or replace our existing asset backed financing or to continue to finance new car acquisitions through asset backed financing, or any negative development in the terms of the asset backed financing available to us, could cause our cost of financing to increase significantly and have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. The assets that collateralize our asset backed financing will not be available to satisfy the claims of our general creditors.
The terms of our senior credit facilities permit us to finance or refinance new car acquisitions through other means, including secured financing that is not limited to the assets of special purpose entity subsidiaries. We may seek in the future to finance or refinance new car acquisitions, including cars excluded from the ABS Program, through such other means. No assurances can be given, however,
28
as to whether such financing will be available, or as to whether the terms of such financing will be comparable to the debt issued under the ABS Program.
Most of our asset-backed debt outside the United States was issued under an interim facility which provided for increased margins if the debt was not refinanced by March 21, 2007. We are in the process of negotiating new financing facilities to enable us to refinance this debt. However, we cannot assure you that these efforts will be successful or, if they are successful, that the new facilities will enable us to finance our operations at rates which are as favorable to us as those of the existing facility. On March 21, 2007, the existing facility was amended and restated to, among other things, modify the provisions which provide for increased margins. The effect of these changes will be to reduce or eliminate the adverse consequences of these provisions to us for an interim period that will end on December 21, 2007 in order to give us additional time to refinance the interim facility. As a result of the changes, there was no increase in margins on March 21, 2007. The extent of the relief that we will receive during the remainder of the interim period will depend upon our ability to achieve certain interim goals during that period. We cannot assure you that we will be successful in achieving these interim goals.
Fluctuations in fuel costs or reduced supplies could harm our business.
We could be adversely affected by limitations on fuel supplies, the imposition of mandatory allocations or rationing of fuel or significant increases in fuel prices. A severe or protracted disruption of fuel supplies or significant increases in fuel prices could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations, either by directly interfering with our normal activities or by disrupting the air travel on which a significant portion of our car rental business relies. See "Our car rental business is dependent on the air travel industry, and disruptions in air travel patterns could harm our business."
Manufacturer safety recalls could create risks to our business.
Our cars may be subject to safety recalls by their manufacturers. Under certain circumstances, the recalls may cause us to attempt to retrieve cars from renters or to decline to re-rent returned cars until we can arrange for the steps described in the recalls to be taken. If a large number of cars are the subject of simultaneous recalls, or if needed replacement parts are not in adequate supply, we may not be able to re-rent recalled cars for a significant period of time. We could also face liability claims if recalls affect cars that we have already sold. Depending on the severity of the recall, it could materially adversely affect our revenues, create customer service problems, reduce the residual value of the cars involved and harm our general reputation.
We face risks arising from our heavy reliance on communications networks and centralized information systems.
We rely heavily on information systems to accept reservations, process rental and sales transactions, manage our fleets of cars and equipment, account for our activities and otherwise conduct our business. We have centralized our information systems in two redundant facilities in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, and we rely on communications service providers to link our systems with the business locations these systems serve. A simultaneous loss of both facilities, or a major disruption of communications between the systems and the locations they serve, could cause a loss of reservations, interfere with our ability to manage our fleet, slow rental and sales processes and otherwise materially adversely affect our ability to manage our business effectively. Our systems back-up plans, business continuity plans and insurance programs are designed to mitigate such a risk, not to eliminate it. In addition, because our systems contain information about millions of individuals and businesses, our failure to maintain the security of the data we hold, whether the result of our own error or the malfeasance or errors of others, could harm our reputation or give rise to legal liabilities leading to lower revenues, increased costs and other material adverse effects on our results of operations.
29
The concentration of our reservations, accounting and information technology functions at a limited number of facilities in Oklahoma, Alabama and Ireland creates risks for us.
We have concentrated our reservations functions for the United States in two facilities, one in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, and one in Saraland (Mobile County), Alabama, and we have concentrated our accounting functions for the United States in two facilities in Oklahoma City. Similarly, we have concentrated reservations and accounting functions for our European operations in a single facility near Dublin, Ireland. In addition, our major information systems are centralized in two of our facilities in Oklahoma City. A disruption of normal business at any of our principal facilities in Oklahoma City, Saraland or Dublin, whether as the result of localized conditions (such as a fire or explosion) or as the result of events or circumstances of broader geographic impact (such as an earthquake, storm, flood, epidemic, strike, act of war, civil unrest or terrorist act), could materially adversely affect our business by disrupting normal reservations, customer service, accounting and systems activities. Our systems designs, business continuity plans and insurance programs are designed to mitigate those risks, not to eliminate them, and this is particularly true with respect to events of broad geographic impact.
Claims that the software products and information systems that we rely on are infringing on the intellectual property rights of others could increase our expenses or inhibit us from offering certain services, which could adversely affect our results of operations.
A number of entities, including some of our competitors, have sought, or may in the future obtain, patents and other intellectual property rights that cover or affect software products and other components of information systems that we rely on to operate our business. For example, Enterprise Rent-A-Car Company, or "Enterprise," has asserted that certain systems we use to conduct insurance replacement rentals would infringe on patent rights it would obtain if it were granted certain patents for which it has applied. One of the patent applications has received a notice of allowance and we expect that Enterprise will be issued a patent pursuant to that application in the near future.
Litigation may be necessary to determine the validity and scope of third-party rights or to defend against claims of infringement. If a court determines that one or more of the software products or other components of information systems we use infringe on intellectual property owned by others or we agree to settle such a dispute, we may be liable for money damages. In addition, we may be required to cease using those products and components unless we obtain licenses from the owners of the intellectual property, redesign those products and components in such a way as to avoid infringement or cease altogether the use of those products and components. Each of these alternatives could increase our expenses materially or impact the marketability of our services. Any litigation, regardless of the outcome, could result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and could have a material adverse effect on our business. In addition, a third-party intellectual property owner might not allow us to use its intellectual property at any price, or on terms acceptable to us, which could materially affect our competitive position and our results of operations. For example, if Enterprise obtains the patent referred to above and after that were to pursue and prevail on claims of infringement similar to those it has previously asserted, it could have a material adverse effect on our insurance replacement business and, in turn, our off-airport business. We have already commenced litigation against Enterprise with respect to claims it has made to third parties regarding the patent rights referred to above. See "BusinessLegal Proceedings."
The misuse or theft of information we possess could harm our reputation or competitive position, adversely affect the price at which shares of our common stock trade or give rise to material liabilities.
We possess non-public information with respect to millions of individuals, including our customers and our current and former employees, and thousands of businesses, as well as non-public information with respect to our own affairs. The misuse or theft of that information by either our employees or third parties (such as the previously reported incident occurring in October 2006, when we were
30
advised that personal information relating to a large number of our employees had been found on the home computer of one of our former employees) could result in material damage to our brand, reputation or competitive position or materially affect the price at which shares of our common stock trade. In addition, depending on the type of information involved, the nature of our relationship with the person or entity to which the information relates, the cause and the jurisdiction whose laws are applicable, that misuse or theft of information could result in governmental investigations or material civil or criminal liability. The laws that would be applicable to such a failure are rapidly evolving and becoming more burdensome. See "Changes in the U.S. and foreign legal and regulatory environment that impact our operations, including laws and regulations relating to the insurance products we sell, customer privacy, data security, insurance rates and expenses we pass through to customers by means of separate charges, could disrupt our business, increase our expenses or otherwise could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations."
If we acquire any businesses in the future, they could prove difficult to integrate, disrupt our business, or have an adverse effect on our results of operations.
We intend to pursue growth primarily through internal growth, but from time to time we may consider opportunistic acquisitions which may be significant. Any future acquisition would involve numerous risks including, without limitation:
If we make acquisitions in the future, acquisition-related accounting charges may affect our balance sheet and results of operations. In addition, the financing of any significant acquisition may result in changes in our capital structure, including the incurrence of additional indebtedness. We may not be successful in addressing these risks or any other problems encountered in connection with any acquisitions.
We face risks related to changes in our ownership.
A substantial number of our airport concession agreements, as well as certain of our other agreements with third parties, require the consent of the airports' operators or other parties in connection with any change in ownership of us. Changes in ownership of us could also require the approval of other governmental authorities (including insurance regulators, regulators of our retail used car sales activities and antitrust regulators), and we cannot offer assurance that those approvals would be obtained on terms acceptable to us. If our owners were to proceed to change their ownership of us without obtaining necessary approvals, or if significant conditions on our operations were imposed in connection with obtaining such approvals, our ability to conduct our business could be impaired, resulting in a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
We face risks related to liabilities and insurance.
Our businesses expose us to claims for personal injury, death and property damage resulting from the use of the cars and equipment rented or sold by us and for workers' compensation claims and other employment-related claims by our employees. Currently, we generally self-insure up to $10 million per occurrence in the United States and Europe for vehicle and general liability exposures and maintain insurance with unaffiliated carriers in excess of such levels up to $100 million per occurrence, or in the case of equipment rental in Europe and international operations outside of Europe, in such lower amounts as we deem adequate given the risks. We cannot assure you that we will not be exposed to uninsured liability at levels in excess of our historical levels resulting from multiple payouts or
31
otherwise, that liabilities in respect of existing or future claims will not exceed the level of our insurance, that we will have sufficient capital available to pay any uninsured claims or that insurance with unaffiliated carriers will continue to be available to us on economically reasonable terms or at all. See "BusinessRisk Management" and "BusinessLegal Proceedings."
We could face significant withdrawal liability if we withdraw from participation in one or more multiemployer pension plans in which we participate.
We participate in various "multiemployer" pension plans administered by labor unions representing some of our employees. We make periodic contributions to these plans to allow them to meet their pension benefit obligations to their participants. In the event that we withdrew from participation in one or more of these plans, then applicable law could require us to make an additional lump-sum contribution to those plans, and we would have to reflect that on our balance sheet and statement of operations. Our withdrawal liability for any multiemployer plan would depend on the extent of the plan's funding of vested benefits. We currently do not expect to incur any withdrawal liability in the near future. However, in the ordinary course of our renegotiation of collective bargaining agreements with labor unions that maintain these plans, we could decide to discontinue participation in a plan, and in that event, we could face a withdrawal liability. Some multiemployer plans, including ones in which we participate, are reported to have significantly underfunded liabilities. Such underfunding could increase the size of our potential withdrawal liability.
We have received an informal request from the SEC to provide information about car rental services that we provide to our independent registered public accounting firm in the ordinary course of business.
In July 2005, the Division of Enforcement of the SEC informed us that it was conducting an informal inquiry and asked Hertz to voluntarily provide documents and information related to car rental services that we provide to our independent registered public accounting firm PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, or "PwC." The SEC noted in its letter that the inquiry should not be construed as an indication by the SEC or its staff that any violations of law have occurred, or as a reflection upon any person, entity or security. We cooperated with the SEC by providing it with certain requested information in July and September 2005. Since then, we have received no further requests from the SEC with respect to this informal inquiry, but neither have we been advised that it has been closed.
After learning of this informal inquiry, our audit committee and representatives of PwC discussed PwC's independence with respect to us. PwC reconfirmed that it has been and remains independent with respect to us. In making this determination, PwC considered, among other things, its belief that PwC's arrangements with us represent arm's-length transactions that were negotiated in the normal course of business, and, therefore, that the commercial relationship does not impair PwC's independence with respect to us. If the SEC were to take a different view and it were ultimately determined that PwC was not independent with respect to us for certain periods, our filings with the SEC which contain our consolidated financial statements for such periods would be non-compliant with applicable securities laws. A determination that PwC was not independent with respect to us could, among other things, cause us to be in violation of, or in default under, the instruments governing our indebtedness and airport concession agreements, limit our access to capital markets and result in regulatory sanctions. Also, in the event of such a determination, we may be required to have independent audits conducted on our previously audited financial statements by another independent registered public accounting firm for the affected periods. The time involved to conduct such independent audits may make it more difficult to obtain capital on favorable terms, or at all, pending the completion of such audits. Any of the foregoing could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, liquidity and financial condition, the trading prices of our securities and the continued eligibility for listing of our common stock on The New York Stock Exchange, or "NYSE."
32
Environmental laws and regulations and the costs of complying with them, or any liability or obligation imposed under them, could adversely affect our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
We are regulated by federal, state, local and foreign environmental laws and regulations in connection with our operations, including, among other things, with respect to the ownership and operation of tanks for the storage of petroleum products, such as gasoline, diesel fuel and motor and waste oils. We have established a compliance program for our tanks that is intended to ensure that the tanks are properly registered with the state or other jurisdiction in which the tanks are located and have been either replaced or upgraded to meet applicable leak detection and spill, overfill and corrosion protection requirements. However, we cannot assure you that these tank systems will at all times remain free from undetected leaks or that the use of these tanks will not result in significant spills.
We have made, and will continue to make, expenditures to comply with environmental laws and regulations, including, among others, expenditures for the cleanup of contamination at or emanating from, currently and formerly owned and leased properties, as well as contamination at other locations at which our wastes have reportedly been identified. We cannot assure you that compliance with existing or future environmental legislation and regulations will not require material expenditures by us or otherwise have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. See "BusinessGovernmental Regulation and Environmental Matters" and "BusinessLegal Proceedings."
Changes in the U.S. and foreign legal and regulatory environment that impact our operations, including laws and regulations relating to the insurance products we sell, customer privacy, data security, insurance rates and expenses we pass through to customers by means of separate charges, could disrupt our business, increase our expenses or otherwise could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
We are subject to a wide variety of laws and regulations in the United States and the other countries and jurisdictions in which we operate, and changes in the level of government regulation of our business have the potential to materially alter our business practices or our profitability. Depending on the jurisdiction, those changes may come about through new legislation, the issuance of new laws and regulations or changes in the interpretation of existing laws and regulations by a court, regulatory body or governmental official. Sometimes those changes may have not just prospective but also retroactive effect, which is particularly true when a change is made through reinterpretation of laws or regulations that have been in effect for some time. Moreover, changes in regulation that may seem neutral on their face may have either more or less impact on us than on our competitors, depending on the circumstances.
The optional liability insurance policies and products providing insurance coverage in our domestic car rental operations are conducted pursuant to limited licenses or exemptions under state laws governing the licensing of insurance producers. In our international car rental operations, our offering of optional products providing insurance coverage historically has not been regulated. Any changes in the law in the United States or internationally that change our operating requirements with respect to insurance could increase our costs of compliance or make it uneconomical to offer such products, which would lead to a reduction in revenues. For instance, in the countries of the European Union, the regulatory environment for insurance intermediaries is rapidly evolving, and we cannot assure you either that we will be able to continue offering such coverage without substantial changes in our offering process or in the terms of the coverage or that such changes, if required, would not render uneconomic our continued offering of the coverage. Due to a change in law in Australia, we have discontinued sales of insurance products there. See "BusinessRisk Management" for further discussion regarding how changes in the regulation of insurance intermediaries may affect us internationally.
33
Laws in many countries and jurisdictions limit the types of information we may collect about individuals with whom we deal or propose to deal, as well as how we collect, retain and use the information that we are permitted to collect. In addition, the centralized nature of our information systems requires the routine flow of information about customers and potential customers across national borders, particularly into the United States. If this flow of information were to become illegal, or subject to onerous restrictions, our ability to serve our customers could be seriously impaired for an extended period of time. Other changes in the regulation of customer privacy and data security could likewise have a material adverse effect on our business. Privacy and data security are rapidly evolving areas of regulation, and additional regulation in those areas, some of it potentially difficult for us to accommodate, is frequently proposed and occasionally adopted. Thus, changes in the worldwide legal and regulatory environment in the areas of customer privacy, data security and cross border data flows could have a material adverse effect on our business, primarily through the impairment of our marketing and transaction processing activities.
Further, the substantive regulation of the rates we charge car renters, either through direct price regulation or a requirement that we disregard a customer's source market (location or place of residence) for rate purposes, could reduce our revenues or increase our expenses. We set rates based on a variety of factors including the sources of rental reservations geographically and the means through which the reservations were made, all of which are in response to various market factors and costs. The European Commission is considering a directive that could restrict our ability to take into account the country of residence of European Union residents for rate purposes, and bills have been introduced into the New York State legislature that would seek to prohibit us from charging higher rates to renters residing in certain boroughs of New York City. The adoption of any such measures could have a material adverse impact on our revenues and results of operations.
In most places where we operate, we pass through various expenses, including the recovery of vehicle licensing costs and airport concession fees, to our rental customers as separate charges. The Attorneys General of Massachusetts, Virginia, Montana and Alaska have in the past two years taken positions that car rental companies may not pass through to customers, by means of separate charges, certain of their expenses, such as vehicle licensing costs and airport concession fees, or that car rental companies' ability to pass through such expenses is limited. In addition, we are currently a defendant in an action challenging the propriety of certain expense pass through charges in Nevada. We believe our expense pass-through charges, where imposed, are lawful, and expense pass-throughs have, when challenged, been upheld in courts of other states. The position of the Attorney General of Virginia was reversed by subsequent legislation, while the concerns of the Attorney General of Montana, which related primarily to our licensees' passing through of vehicle licensing costs, were resolved by assurances of voluntary compliance by our licensees (which permitted passing through of such costs subject to certain limitations of small operational significance). Nonetheless, we cannot offer assurance that the Attorney General of Massachusetts or Alaska, or of another state, will not take enforcement action against us with respect to our car rental expense pass-throughs. If such action were taken and an Attorney General were to prevail, it could have a material adverse impact on our revenues and results of operations. In the United States, our revenues from car rental expense pass-throughs for the year ended December 31, 2006 and the three months ended March 31, 2007, were approximately $311.5 million and $85.1 million, respectively.
The Sponsors control us and may have conflicts of interest with us in the future.
Clayton, Dubilier & Rice Fund VII, L.P. and related funds, Carlyle Partners IV, L.P. and related funds and ML Global Private Equity Fund, L.P. and related funds (together with certain of their affiliates) currently beneficially own approximately 24.1%, 23.8% and 23.5%, respectively, of the outstanding shares of the common stock of Hertz Holdings. Upon completion of this offering, those funds will continue to beneficially own over 50% of our outstanding common stock. These funds and
34
Hertz Holdings are parties to a Stockholders Agreement, pursuant to which the funds have agreed to vote in favor of nominees to our board of directors nominated by the other funds. As a result, the Sponsors will continue to exercise control over matters requiring stockholder approval and our policy and affairs, for example, by being able to direct the use of proceeds received from future securities offerings. See "Certain Relationships and Related Transactions."
Additionally, the Sponsors are in the business of making investments in companies and may from time to time acquire and hold interests in businesses that compete directly or indirectly with us. One or more of the Sponsors may also pursue acquisition opportunities that may be complementary to our business and, as a result, those acquisition opportunities may not be available to us. So long as investment funds associated with or designated by the Sponsors continue to indirectly own a significant amount of the outstanding shares of our common stock, even if that amount is less than 50%, the Sponsors will continue to be able to strongly influence or effectively control our decisions. While we have adopted a code of ethics and business conduct that applies to all our directors, it does not preclude the Sponsors from becoming engaged in businesses that compete with us or preclude our directors from taking advantage of business opportunities other than those made available to them through the use of their position as directors or the use of our property.
The Sponsors or their affiliates may compete directly against us.
Corporate opportunities may arise in the area of potential competitive business activities that may be attractive to us as well as to one or more of the Sponsors, including through potential acquisitions by one or more Sponsors or their affiliates of competing businesses. Any competition could intensify if an affiliate or subsidiary of one or more of the Sponsors were to enter into or acquire a business similar to our car rental or equipment rental operations. Given that we are not wholly owned by any one of the three Sponsors, the Sponsors may be inclined to direct relevant corporate opportunities to entities which they control individually rather than to us. In addition, our amended and restated certificate of incorporation provides that the Sponsors are under no obligation to communicate or offer any corporate opportunity to us, even if such opportunity might reasonably have been expected to be of interest to us or our subsidiaries. See "Description of Capital Stock" and "Certain Relationships and Related Party TransactionsStockholders' Agreement."
Risks Relating to Our Substantial Indebtedness
We have substantial debt and may incur substantial additional debt, which could adversely affect our financial condition, our ability to obtain financing in the future and our ability to react to changes in our business.
As of March 31, 2007, we had an aggregate principal amount of debt outstanding of $11,823.7 million and a debt to equity ratio, calculated using the total amount of our outstanding debt net of unamortized discounts, of 4.8 to 1.
Our substantial debt could have important consequences to you. For example, it could:
35
our U.S. and international fleet debt financings entered into as part of the Transactions and our senior credit facilities, is at variable rates of interest;
Any of the foregoing impacts of our substantial indebtedness could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
Despite our current indebtedness levels, we and our subsidiaries may be able to incur substantially more debt. This could further exacerbate the risks associated with our substantial indebtedness.
We and our subsidiaries may be able to incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future. The terms of the instruments governing our indebtedness do not prohibit us or fully prohibit us or our subsidiaries from doing so. As of March 31, 2007, our senior credit facilities provided us commitments for additional aggregate borrowings (subject to borrowing base limitations) of approximately $1,490.4 million, and permitted additional borrowings beyond those commitments under certain circumstances. As of March 31, 2007, our U.S. fleet debt facilities, international fleet debt facilities, our fleet financing facility for our fleet in Hawaii, Kansas, Puerto Rico and St. Thomas, the U.S. Virgin Islands and our temporary lending facility entered into by Hertz Belgium BVBA and Hertz Luxembourg SA provided us commitments for additional aggregate borrowings of approximately $1,355.0 million, the foreign currency equivalent of $1,512.6 million, $98.0 million and $2.1 million, respectively, subject to borrowing base limitations. If new debt is added to our current debt levels, the related risks that we now face would increase. In addition, the instruments governing our indebtedness do not prevent us or our subsidiaries from incurring obligations that do not constitute indebtedness. On June 30, 2006, Hertz Holdings entered into a $1.0 billion loan facility in order to finance the payment of a special cash dividend of $4.32 per share to its stockholders on June 30, 2006. Although this facility was repaid in full with the proceeds from our initial public offering, we cannot assure you that Hertz Holdings will not enter into similar transactions in the future.
We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service all of our debt, and may be forced to take other actions to satisfy our obligations under such indebtedness, which may not be successful.
Our ability to make scheduled payments on our indebtedness, or to refinance our obligations under our debt agreements, will depend on the financial and operating performance of us and our subsidiaries, which, in turn, will be subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to the financial and business risk factors, many of which may be beyond our control, as described under "Risks Related to Our Business" above.
We cannot assure you that we will maintain a level of cash flows from operating activities sufficient to permit us to pay the principal, premium, if any, and interest on our indebtedness.
If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we may be forced to reduce or delay capital expenditures, sell assets, seek to obtain additional equity capital or restructure our indebtedness. In the future, our cash flows and capital resources may not be sufficient for payments of interest on and principal of our debt, and such alternative measures may not be
36
successful and may not permit us to meet scheduled debt service obligations. We also cannot assure you that we will be able to refinance any of our indebtedness or obtain additional financing, particularly because of our high levels of debt and the debt incurrence restrictions imposed by the agreements governing our debt, as well as prevailing market conditions. In the absence of such operating results and resources, we could face substantial liquidity problems and might be required to dispose of material assets or operations to meet our debt service and other obligations. The instruments governing our indebtedness restrict our ability to dispose of assets and restrict the use of proceeds from any such dispositions. We cannot assure you we will be able to consummate those sales, or, if we do, what the timing of the sales will be or whether the proceeds that we realize will be adequate to meet debt service obligations when due.
A significant portion of our outstanding indebtedness is secured by substantially all of our consolidated assets. As a result of these security interests, such assets would only be available to satisfy claims of our general creditors or to holders of our equity securities if we were to become insolvent to the extent the value of such assets exceeded the amount of our indebtedness and other obligations. In addition, the existence of these security interests may adversely affect our financial flexibility.
Indebtedness under our senior credit facilities is secured by a lien on substantially all our assets (other than assets of foreign subsidiaries), including pledges of all or a portion of the capital stock of certain of our subsidiaries. Our senior notes and senior subordinated notes are unsecured and therefore do not have the benefit of such collateral. Accordingly, if an event of default were to occur under our senior credit facilities, the senior secured lenders under such facilities would have a prior right to our assets, to the exclusion of our general creditors, including the holders of our senior notes and senior subordinated notes. In that event, our assets would first be used to repay in full all indebtedness and other obligations secured by them (including all amounts outstanding under our senior credit facilities), resulting in all or a portion of our assets being unavailable to satisfy the claims of our unsecured indebtedness. Furthermore, many of the subsidiaries that hold our U.S. and international car rental fleets in connection with our asset-backed financing programs are intended to be bankruptcy remote and the assets held by them may not be available to our general creditors in a bankruptcy unless and until they are transferred to a non-bankruptcy remote entity. As of March 31, 2007, substantially all of our consolidated assets, including our car and equipment rental fleets, have been pledged for the benefit of the lenders under our senior credit facilities or are subject to securitization facilities in connection with our U.S. and international fleet debt facilities. As a result, the lenders under these facilities would have a prior claim on such assets in the event of our bankruptcy, insolvency, liquidation or reorganization, and we may not have sufficient funds to pay all of our creditors and holders of our unsecured indebtedness may receive less, ratably, than the holders of our senior debt, and may not be fully paid, or may not be paid at all, even when other creditors receive full payment for their claims. In that event, holders of our equity securities would not be entitled to receive any of our assets or the proceeds therefrom. See "Description of Certain IndebtednessSenior Credit FacilitiesSenior Term FacilityGuarantees; Security" and "Senior ABL FacilityGuarantees; Security." As discussed below, the pledge of these assets and other restrictions may limit our flexibility in raising capital for other purposes. Because substantially all of our assets are pledged under these financing arrangements, our ability to incur additional secured indebtedness or to sell or dispose of assets to raise capital may be impaired, which could have an adverse effect on our financial flexibility.
37
Restrictive covenants in certain of the agreements and instruments governing our indebtedness may adversely affect our financial flexibility.
Our senior credit facilities and the indentures governing our senior notes and senior subordinated notes contain covenants that, among other things, restrict Hertz's and its subsidiaries' ability to:
In addition, under our senior credit facilities, we are required to comply with financial covenants. If we fail to maintain a specified minimum level of borrowing capacity under our senior asset-based loan facility, we will then be subject to financial covenants under that facility, including covenants that will obligate us to maintain a specified debt to Corporate EBITDA leverage ratio and a specified Corporate EBITDA to fixed charges coverage ratio. The financial covenants in our senior term facility include obligations to maintain a specified debt to Corporate EBITDA leverage ratio and a specified Corporate EBITDA to interest expense coverage ratio for specified periods. Both our senior asset-based loan facility and our senior term facility also impose limitations on the amount of our capital expenditures. Our ability to comply with these covenants in future periods will depend on our ongoing financial and operating performance, which in turn will be subject to economic conditions and to financial, market and competitive factors, many of which are beyond our control. Our ability to comply with these covenants in future periods will also depend substantially on the pricing of our products and services, our success at implementing cost reduction initiatives and our ability to successfully implement our overall business strategy. Our ability to comply with the covenants and restrictions contained in our senior credit facilities and the indentures for our senior notes and senior subordinated notes may be affected by economic, financial and industry conditions beyond our control. The breach of any of these covenants or restrictions could result in a default under either our senior credit facilities or the indentures that would permit the applicable lenders or holders of the senior notes and senior subordinated notes, as the case may be, to declare all amounts outstanding thereunder to be due and payable, together with accrued and unpaid interest. In any such case, we may be unable to make borrowings under the senior credit facilities and may not be able to repay the amounts due under the senior credit facilities and the senior notes and senior subordinated notes. This could have serious consequences to our financial condition and results of operations and could cause us to become bankrupt or insolvent.
We are also subject to operational limitations under the terms of our ABS Program. For example, there are contractual limitations with respect to the cars that secure our ABS Program. These limitations are based on the identity or credit ratings of the cars' manufacturers, the existence of satisfactory repurchase or guaranteed depreciation arrangements for the cars or the physical
38
characteristics of the cars. As a result, we may be required to limit the percentage of cars from any one manufacturer or increase the credit enhancement related to the program and may not be able to take advantage of certain cost savings that might otherwise be available through manufacturers. If these limitations prevented us from purchasing, or retaining in our fleet, cars on terms that we would otherwise find advantageous, our results of operations could be adversely affected.
Further, the facilities relating to our international fleet financing contain a number of covenants, including a covenant that restricts the ability of Hertz International, Ltd., a subsidiary of ours that is the direct or indirect holding company of substantially all of our non-U.S. operating subsidiaries, to make dividends and other restricted payments (which may include payments of intercompany indebtedness), in an amount greater than €100 million plus a specified excess cash flow amount, calculated by reference to excess cash flow in earlier periods. Subject to certain exceptions, until the later of one year from the Closing Date and such time as 50% of the commitments under the facilities on the Closing Date have been replaced by permanent take-out international asset-based facilities (which has not yet occurred), the specified excess cash flow amount will be zero. Thereafter, this specified excess cash flow amount will be between 50% and 100% of excess cash flow based on the percentage of facilities relating to our international fleet debt at the closing of the Acquisition that have been replaced by permanent take-out international asset-based facilities. These restrictions will limit the availability of funds from Hertz International, Ltd. and its subsidiaries to help us make payments on our indebtedness. Certain of these permanent take-out international asset-based facilities are expected to be novel and complicated structures. We cannot assure you that we will be able to complete such permanent take-out financings on terms acceptable to us or on a timely basis, if at all; if we are unable to do so, our liquidity and interest costs may be adversely affected. See "Our reliance on asset-backed financing to purchase cars subjects us to a number of risks, many of which are beyond our control."
Certain of our Canadian subsidiaries are parties to our senior asset-based loan facility and are not subject to these international fleet debt restrictions. Our non-U.S. subsidiaries, including the operations of these Canadian subsidiaries, accounted for approximately 30% of our total revenues and 24% of our Corporate EBITDA for the year ended December 31, 2006. See Note 10 to the notes to our audited annual consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
The instruments governing our debt contain cross default or cross acceleration provisions that may cause all of the debt issued under such instruments to become immediately due and payable as a result of a default under an unrelated debt instrument.
The indentures governing our senior notes and senior subordinated notes and the agreements governing our senior credit facilities contain numerous covenants and require us to meet certain financial ratios and tests which utilize Corporate EBITDA. Our failure to comply with the obligations contained in these agreements or other instruments governing our indebtedness could result in an event of default under the applicable instrument, which could result in the related debt and the debt issued under other instruments becoming immediately due and payable. In such event, we would need to raise funds from alternative sources, which funds may not be available to us on favorable terms, on a timely basis or at all. Alternatively, such a default could require us to sell our assets and otherwise curtail our operations in order to pay our creditors. Such alternative measures could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
An increase in interest rates would increase the cost of servicing our debt and could reduce our profitability.
A significant portion of our outstanding debt, including borrowings under our senior credit facilities, international fleet debt and certain of our other outstanding debt securities, bear interest at variable rates. As a result, an increase in interest rates, whether because of an increase in market interest rates or an increase in our own cost of borrowing, would increase the cost of servicing our debt
39
and could materially reduce our profitability, including, in the case of the asset-backed securities backed by our U.S. car rental fleet and the international fleet debt, our Corporate EBITDA. The impact of such an increase would be more significant than it would be for some other companies because of our substantial debt. For a discussion of how we manage our exposure to changes in interest rates through the use of interest rate swap agreements on certain portions of our outstanding debt, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsMarket RisksInterest Rate Risk."
Risks Relating to Our Common Stock and This Offering
We may have a contingent liability arising out of electronic communications sent to institutional accounts by a previously named underwriter that did not participate as an underwriter in the initial public offering of our common stock.
We understand that, during the week of October 23, 2006, several e-mails authored by an employee of a previously named underwriter for the initial public offering of our common stock were ultimately forwarded by employees of that underwriter to approximately 175 institutional accounts. We were not involved in any way in the preparation or distribution of the e-mail messages by the employees of this previously named underwriter, and we had no knowledge of them until after they were sent. We requested that the previously named underwriter notify the institutional accounts who received these e-mail messages from its employees that the e-mail messages were distributed in error and should be disregarded. In addition, this previously named underwriter did not participate as an underwriter in the initial public offering of our common stock.
The e-mail messages may constitute a prospectus or prospectuses not meeting the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the "Securities Act." We, the Sponsors and the other underwriters that participated in the initial public offering of our common stock disclaim all responsibility for the contents of these e-mail messages.
We do not believe that the e-mail messages constitute a violation by us of the Securities Act. However, if any or all of these communications were to be held by a court to be a violation by us of the Securities Act, the recipients of the e-mails, if any, who purchased shares of our common stock in the initial public offering of our common stock might have the right, under certain circumstances, to require us to repurchase those shares. Consequently, we could have a contingent liability arising out of these possible violations of the Securities Act. The magnitude of this liability, if any, is presently impossible to quantify, and would depend, in part, upon the number of shares purchased by the recipients of the e-mails and the trading price of our common stock. If any liability is asserted, we intend to contest the matter vigorously.
Hertz Holdings is a holding company with no operations of its own that depends on its subsidiaries for cash.
The operations of Hertz Holdings are conducted almost entirely through its subsidiaries and its ability to generate cash to meet its debt service obligations, if any, or to pay dividends is highly dependent on the earnings and the receipt of funds from its subsidiaries via dividends or intercompany loans. However, none of the subsidiaries of Hertz Holdings are obligated to make funds available to Hertz Holdings for the payment of dividends. In addition, payments of dividends and interest among the companies in our group may be subject to withholding taxes. Further, the terms of the indentures governing Hertz's senior notes and senior subordinated notes and the agreements governing Hertz's senior credit facilities and Hertz's fleet debt facilities significantly restrict the ability of the subsidiaries of Hertz to pay dividends or otherwise transfer assets to Hertz Holdings. Furthermore, the subsidiaries of Hertz are permitted under the terms of Hertz's senior credit facilities and other indebtedness to incur additional indebtedness that may severely restrict or prohibit the making of distributions, the payment of dividends or the making of loans by such subsidiaries to Hertz Holdings. See "Risk FactorsRisks Relating to Our Substantial IndebtednessRestrictive covenants in certain of the
40
agreements governing our indebtedness may adversely affect our financial flexibility." In addition, Delaware law may impose requirements that may restrict our ability to pay dividends to holders of our common stock.
The price of our common stock may fluctuate and you could lose all or a significant part of your investment.
Volatility in the market price of our common stock may prevent you from being able to sell your shares at or above the price you paid for your shares. The market price of our common stock may also be influenced by many factors, some of which are beyond our control, including:
As a result of these factors, investors in our common stock may not be able to resell their shares at or above the price they paid for their shares. In addition, the stock market in general has experienced extreme price and volume fluctuations that may be unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of companies like us. These broad market and industry factors may materially reduce the market price of our common stock, regardless of our operating performance.
If the ownership of our common stock continues to be highly concentrated, it will prevent you and other stockholders from influencing significant corporate decisions.
Following the completion of this offering, Clayton, Dubilier & Rice Fund VII, L.P. and related funds, Carlyle Partners IV, L.P. and related funds and ML Global Private Equity Fund, L.P. and related funds (together with certain of their affiliates) will beneficially own approximately 19.4%, 19.2% and 18.9%, respectively, of the outstanding shares of our common stock assuming that the underwriters do not exercise their option to purchase additional shares. These funds and Hertz Holdings are parties to a Stockholders Agreement, pursuant to which the funds have agreed to vote in favor of nominees to our board of directors nominated by the other funds. As a result, the Sponsors will continue to exercise control over matters requiring stockholder approval and our policy and affairs, for example, by being able to direct the use of proceeds received from future security offerings. See "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions." In addition, we are a "controlled company" within the meaning of the New York Stock Exchange rules and, as a result, currently rely on exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements.
The concentrated holdings of the funds associated with the Sponsors, certain provisions of the Stockholders' Agreement among the funds and us and the presence of these funds' nominees on our board of directors may result in a delay or the deterrence of possible changes in control of our company, which may reduce the market price of our common stock. The interests of the Sponsors may conflict with the interests of our other stockholders. Our board of directors has adopted corporate governance guidelines that, among other things, address potential conflicts between a director's interests and our interests. In addition, we have adopted a code of business conduct that, among other things, requires our employees to avoid actions or relationships that might conflict or appear to conflict
41
with their job responsibilities or the interests of Hertz Holdings, and to disclose their outside activities, financial interests or relationships that may present a possible conflict of interest or the appearance of a conflict to management or corporate counsel. These corporate governance guidelines and code of business ethics will not, by themselves, prohibit transactions with our principal stockholders.
This offering will result in a substantial amount of previously unregistered shares of our common stock being registered, which may depress the market price of our common stock.
The shares of common stock that were sold in our initial public offering are freely tradable on the NYSE without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, unless purchased by our "affiliates" as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act. The sale by the selling stockholders of the shares of common stock in this offering could depress the market price of our common stock.
Because affiliates of a lead underwriter for this offering are selling stockholders in this offering, that lead underwriter may have interests that conflict with yours as an investor in our common stock.
Affiliates of Merrill Lynch & Co. will be selling stockholders in this offering. As a result, Merrill Lynch & Co. has interests that may conflict with yours as an investor in our common stock with respect to this offering because it has interests in the successful completion of this offering beyond the underwriting discount and commissions it will receive in the offering, such as the potential return on its equity investment in us.
Because affiliates of Merrill Lynch & Co. own more than 10% of our outstanding common stock, Merrill Lynch & Co. is deemed to be an affiliate of Hertz Holdings under Rule 2720(b)(1) of the NASD Conduct Rules and, therefore, the underwriters may be deemed to have a conflict of interest under, and this offering will be made in compliance with, Rule 2720 of the NASD Conduct Rules. Rule 2720 of the NASD Conduct Rules does not require the use of a "qualified independent underwriter," as defined by the NASD, for this offering because there is a "bona fide market" in our common stock. For more information regarding the relationships we and our affiliates have with the underwriters, we refer you to the disclosure under the heading "Underwriting."
Our share price may decline due to the large number of shares eligible for future sale.
Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock, or the possibility of such sales, may adversely affect the price of our common stock and impede our ability to raise capital through the issuance of equity securities.
As of May 31, 2007, there were 321,080,231 shares of our common stock outstanding. Of these shares, the 88,235,000 shares of common stock sold in our initial public offering are, and the 45,000,000 shares of common stock to be sold in this offering will be, freely transferable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act, unless purchased by our "affiliates" as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act. The remaining 187,845,231 shares of common stock outstanding will be restricted securities within the meaning of Rule 144 under the Securities Act, but will be eligible for resale subject to applicable volume, manner of sale, holding period and other limitations of Rule 144 or pursuant to an exemption from registration under Rule 701 under the Securities Act. In November 2006, we filed a registration statement under the Securities Act to register the shares of common stock to be issued under our stock incentive plans and, as a result, all shares of common stock acquired upon exercise of stock options and other equity-based awards granted under these plans will also be freely tradable under the Securities Act unless purchased by our affiliates. A total of 28.5 million shares of common stock are reserved for issuance under our stock incentive plans.
We, each of the funds associated with or designated by the Sponsors that currently own shares of our common stock, our directors and certain of our executive officers have agreed to a "lock-up,"
42
meaning that, subject to certain exceptions, neither we nor they will sell any shares without the prior consent of the representatives of the underwriters before , 2007. Following the expiration of this 90-day lock-up period, 187,845,231 of these shares of our common stock will be eligible for future sale, subject to the applicable volume, manner of sale, holding period and other limitations of Rule 144. See "Shares Eligible for Future Sale" for a discussion of the shares of common stock that may be sold into the public market in the future. In addition, our existing stockholders have the right under certain circumstances to require that we register their shares for resale. As of May 31, 2007 these registration rights apply to the 184,511,542 shares of our outstanding common stock owned by the investment funds affiliated with or designated by the Sponsors that are not being sold in this offering. See "Certain Relationships and Related Party TransactionsRegistration Rights Agreement" for a description of the shares of common stock that may be sold into the public market in the future.
Our certificate of incorporation, by-laws and Delaware law may discourage takeovers and business combinations that our stockholders might consider in their best interests.
A number of provisions in our certificate of incorporation and by-laws, as well as anti-takeover provisions of Delaware law, may have the effect of delaying, deterring, preventing or rendering more difficult a change in control of Hertz Holdings that our stockholders might consider in their best interests. These provisions include:
These provisions may prevent our stockholders from receiving the benefit from any premium to the market price of our common stock offered by a bidder in a takeover context. Even in the absence of a takeover attempt, the existence of these provisions may adversely affect the prevailing market price of our common stock if they are viewed as discouraging takeover attempts in the future.
Our certificate of incorporation and by-laws may also make it difficult for stockholders to replace or remove our management. These provisions may facilitate management entrenchment that may delay, deter, render more difficult or prevent a change in our control, which may not be in the best interests of our stockholders.
See "Description of Capital Stock" for additional information on the anti-takeover measures applicable to us.
43
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements contained in this prospectus under "Business," "BusinessLegal Proceedings," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," "ManagementDirectors and Executive Officers" and "ManagementExecutive Compensation" include "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. You should not place undue reliance on these statements. Forward-looking statements include information concerning our liquidity and our possible or assumed future results of operations, including descriptions of our business strategies. These statements often include words such as "believe," "expect," "anticipate," "intend," "plan," "estimate," "seek," "will," "may" or similar expressions. These statements are based on certain assumptions that we have made in light of our experience in the industry as well as our perceptions of historical trends, current conditions, expected future developments and other factors we believe are appropriate in these circumstances. As you read and consider this prospectus, you should understand that these statements are not guarantees of performance or results. They involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Many factors could affect our actual financial results and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in the forward-looking statements. Some important factors include:
In light of these risks, uncertainties and assumptions, the forward-looking statements contained in this prospectus might not prove to be accurate and you should not place undue reliance upon them. All forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the foregoing cautionary statements. All such statements speak only as of the date made, and we undertake no obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
44
Information in this prospectus about the car and equipment rental industries, including our general expectations concerning the industries and our market position and market share, are based in part on industry data and forecasts obtained from industry publications and surveys and internal company surveys. Third-party industry publications and forecasts generally state that the information contained therein has been obtained from sources generally believed to be reliable. While we are not aware of any misstatements regarding any industry data presented in this prospectus, our estimates, in particular as they relate to our general expectations concerning the car and equipment rental industries, involve risks and uncertainties and are subject to change based on various factors, including those discussed under the caption "Risk Factors."
45
The Transactions
On the Closing Date, we entered into a series of financing and refinancing transactions in connection with the Acquisition. To finance the cash consideration for the Acquisition, to refinance certain of Hertz's existing indebtedness and to pay related transaction fees and expenses, the following funds were used:
46
(together with certain capital lease obligations) are referred to collectively in this prospectus as the "International Fleet Debt;" and
In connection with the Transactions, Hertz also refinanced existing indebtedness in an aggregate principal amount of $8,346 million, through the following transactions, which was repaid as follows:
Initial Public Offering; Hertz Holdings Dividends and Related Financing
In June 2006, Hertz Holdings entered into the Hertz Holdings Loan Facility (as defined below). We primarily used the proceeds from the borrowings under the Hertz Holdings Loan Facility plus cash on hand to pay a special cash dividend of $4.32 per share to our common stockholders on June 30, 2006.
In November 2006, we completed the initial public offering of our common stock at a per share price of $15.00, with proceeds to us, before underwriting discounts and offering expenses, of approximately $1.3 billion.
We used the proceeds of that offering to repay in full the Hertz Holdings Loan Facility. We used the remainder of the proceeds of our initial public offering to pay a special cash dividend of $1.12 per share, or $260.3 million in the aggregate, to our common stockholders.
47
All of the shares of our common stock offered by this prospectus will be sold by the selling stockholders. We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of these shares. The selling stockholders include affiliates of Merrill Lynch & Co., an underwriter in this offering. See "UnderwritingAffiliates of Certain of the Underwriters."
Our common stock is listed on the NYSE under the symbol "HTZ."
On June 1, 2007, the last quoted price per share of our common stock on the NYSE was $22.49. As of May 31, 2007, there were approximately 360 registered holders of our common stock.
The following table sets forth the high and low sales prices per share of our common stock as reported on the NYSE:
|
High |
Low |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2006 | ||||||
Fourth Quarter (beginning November 16, 2006) | $ | 17.48 | $ | 14.55 | ||
2007 | ||||||
First Quarter | 23.95 | 16.40 | ||||
Second Quarter (through June 1, 2007) | 24.94 | 19.52 |
We do not expect to pay dividends on our common stock for the foreseeable future. Instead, we anticipate that all of our earnings in the foreseeable future will be used for the operation and growth of our business. Our ability to pay dividends to holders of our common stock is limited as a practical matter by Hertz's Senior Credit Facilities, Hertz's Fleet Debt Facilities and the indentures governing Hertz's Senior Notes and Senior Subordinated Notes, insofar as we may seek to pay dividends out of funds made available to us by Hertz and or its subsidiaries, because Hertz's debt facilities directly or indirectly restrict Hertz's ability to pay dividends or make loans to us. Any future determination to pay dividends on our common stock is subject to the discretion of our board of directors and will depend upon various factors, including our results of operations, financial condition, liquidity requirements, restrictions that may be imposed by applicable law and our contracts, and other factors deemed relevant by our board of directors. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsLiquidity and Capital ResourcesFinancing."
Prior to our initial public offering, on June 30, 2006, we paid a special dividend of $4.32 per share to the holders of our common stock, totaling approximately $999.2 million. On November 21, 2006, we paid a special cash dividend to holders of record of our common stock immediately prior to our initial public offering in an amount of $1.12 per share, or approximately $260.3 million in the aggregate, over 99% of which was paid to the investment funds associated with or designated by the Sponsors. We do not currently intend to declare or pay any similar special dividends in the future.
48
The following table sets forth our capitalization as of March 31, 2007, on a consolidated basis.
You should read the following table in conjunction with the information in this prospectus under the captions "Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements," "Selected Historical Consolidated Financial Data," "Description of Certain Indebtedness" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations," and with the audited annual consolidated and unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. For a description of the debt facilities and instruments referred to below, see "Corporate HistoryThe Transactions" and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsLiquidity and Capital Resources."
|
As of March 31, 2007 |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
(Dollars in millions) |
||||
Cash and equivalents | $ | 476.9 | |||
Total debt: | |||||
Fleet debt(1) | $ | 6,750.3 | |||
Corporate debt(2) | 5,006.6 | ||||
Total debt (including current portion) | 11,756.9 | ||||
Stockholders' equity | |||||
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share, 2,000,000,000 shares authorized; 320,621,080 shares outstanding | 3.2 | ||||
Additional capital paid-in | 2,434.4 | ||||
Accumulated deficit | (56.7 | ) | |||
Accumulated other comprehensive income | 101.9 | ||||
Total stockholders' equity | 2,482.8 | ||||
Total capitalization | $ | 14,239.7 | |||
49
SELECTED HISTORICAL CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
The following table presents selected consolidated financial information and other data for our business. The selected consolidated statement of operations data for the year ended December 31, 2006, the Successor period ended December 31, 2005, the Predecessor period ended December 20, 2005 and the year ended December 31, 2004 and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2006 and 2005 presented below were derived from our consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus, and the unaudited selected condensed consolidated statement of operations data for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 and the unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet data as of March 31, 2007 were derived from our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus. The selected consolidated statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2002 and December 31, 2003 and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2002, 2003 and 2004 presented below were derived from our audited annual consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto, which are not included in this prospectus.
You should read the following information in conjunction with the section of this prospectus entitled "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and our audited annual consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto and our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus.
|
Successor |
Predecessor |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
For the Periods From |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||
|
Three Months Ended March 31, 2007 |
Three Months Ended March 31, 2006 |
Year ended December 31, 2006 |
December 21, 2005 to December 31, 2005 |
January 1, 2005 to December 20, 2005 |
Year ended December 31, 2004 |
Year ended December 31, 2003 |
Year ended December 31, 2002 |
|||||||||||||||||||
|
(In millions of dollars, except per share data) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Statement of Operations Data | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Car rental | $ | 1,505.1 | $ | 1,399.6 | $ | 6,273.6 | $ | 129.4 | $ | 5,820.5 | $ | 5,430.8 | $ | 4,819.3 | $ | 4,537.6 | |||||||||||
Equipment rental | 389.8 | 363.1 | 1,672.1 | 22.5 | 1,392.4 | 1,162.0 | 1,037.8 | 1,018.7 | |||||||||||||||||||
Other(a) | 26.6 | 23.9 | 112.7 | 2.6 | 101.8 | 83.2 | 76.6 | 82.1 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total revenues | 1,921.5 | 1,786.6 | 8,058.4 | 154.5 | 7,314.7 | 6,676.0 | 5,933.7 | 5,638.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
Expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Direct operating | 1,114.3 | 1,070.1 | 4,476.0 | 103.0 | 4,086.3 | 3,734.4 | 3,316.1 | 3,093.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
Depreciation of revenue earning equipment(b) | 467.8 | 407.3 | 1,757.2 | 43.8 | 1,555.9 | 1,463.3 | 1,523.4 | 1,499.5 | |||||||||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative | 200.4 | 162.2 | 723.9 | 15.1 | 623.4 | 591.3 | 501.7 | 463.1 | |||||||||||||||||||
Interest, net of interest income(c) | 229.6 | 210.3 | 900.7 | 25.8 | 474.2 | 384.4 | 355.0 | 366.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total expenses | 2,012.1 | 1,849.9 | 7,857.8 | 187.7 | 6,739.8 | 6,173.4 | 5,696.2 | 5,422.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
(Loss) income before income taxes and minority interest | (90.6 | ) | (63.3 | ) | 200.6 | (33.2 | ) | 574.9 | 502.6 | 237.5 | 216.4 | ||||||||||||||||
Benefit (provision) for taxes on income(d) | 32.1 | 17.3 | (68.0 | ) | 12.2 | (191.3 | ) | (133.9 | ) | (78.9 | ) | (72.4 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Minority interest | (4.1 | ) | (3.2 | ) | (16.7 | ) | (0.3 | ) | (12.3 | ) | (3.2 | ) | | | |||||||||||||
(Loss) income before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle | (62.6 | ) | (49.2 | ) | 115.9 | (21.3 | ) | 371.3 | 365.5 | 158.6 | 144.0 | ||||||||||||||||
Cumulative effect of change in accounting principle(e) | | | | | | | | (294.0 | ) | ||||||||||||||||||
Net (loss) income | $ | (62.6 | ) | $ | (49.2 | ) | $ | 115.9 | $ | (21.3 | ) | $ | 371.3 | $ | 365.5 | $ | 158.6 | $ | (150.0 | ) | |||||||
Weighted average shares outstanding (in millions)(f) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Basic | 320.6 | 229.5 | 242.5 | 229.5 | 229.5 | 229.5 | 229.5 | 229.5 | |||||||||||||||||||
Diluted | 320.6 | 229.5 | 243.4 | 229.5 | 229.5 | 229.5 | 229.5 | 229.5 | |||||||||||||||||||
(Loss) earnings per share(f) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Basic | $ | (0.20 | ) | $ | (0.21 | ) | $ | 0.48 | $ | (0.09 | ) | $ | 1.62 | $ | 1.59 | $ | 0.69 | $ | (0.65 | ) | |||||||
Diluted | $ | (0.20 | ) | $ | (0.21 | ) | $ | 0.48 | $ | (0.09 | ) | $ | 1.62 | $ | 1.59 | $ | 0.69 | $ | (0.65 | ) | |||||||
Other Financial Data | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net non-fleet capital expenditures | $ | 28.2 | $ | 44.9 | $ | 159.8 | $ | 7.3 | $ | 261.9 | $ | 227.1 | $ | 172.1 | $ | 189.2 |
50
|
Successor |
Predecessor |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
As of December 31, |
||||||||||||||||
|
As of March 31, 2007 |
|||||||||||||||||
|
2006 |
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
|||||||||||||
Balance Sheet Data | ||||||||||||||||||
Cash and equivalents and short-term investments | $ | 476.9 | $ | 674.5 | $ | 843.9 | $ | 1,235.0 | $ | 1,110.1 | $ | 601.3 | ||||||
Total assets(g) | 18,526.8 | 18,677.4 | 18,580.9 | 14,096.4 | 12,579.0 | 11,128.9 | ||||||||||||
Total debt | 11,756.9 | 12,276.2 | 12,515.0 | 8,428.0 | 7,627.9 | 7,043.2 | ||||||||||||
Stockholders' equity(h) | 2,482.8 | 2,534.6 | 2,266.2 | 2,670.2 | 2,225.4 | 1,921.9 |
51
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF
FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis of our results of operations and financial condition includes a discussion of periods prior to the consummation of the Transactions. Accordingly, the discussion and analysis of historical periods prior to December 21, 2005 does not reflect the significant impact that the Transactions had on us, including significantly increased leverage and liquidity requirements. The statements in this discussion and analysis regarding industry outlook, our expectations regarding the performance of our business and the other non-historical statements are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including, but not limited to, the risks and uncertainties described in "Risk Factors." The following discussion and analysis provides information that we believe to be relevant to an understanding of our consolidated financial condition and results of operation. Our actual results may differ materially from those contained in or implied by any forward-looking statements. You should read the following discussion together with the sections entitled "Risk Factors," "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements," "Selected Historical Consolidated Financial Data" and our audited annual consolidated financial statements and related notes thereto and our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Overview
We are engaged principally in the business of renting cars and renting equipment.
Our revenues primarily are derived from rental and related charges and consist of:
Our equipment rental business also derives revenues from the sale of new equipment and consumables.
Our expenses primarily consist of:
The car and equipment rental industries are significantly influenced by general economic conditions. The car rental industry is also significantly influenced by developments in the travel
52
industry, and, particularly, in airline passenger traffic. Our profitability is primarily a function of the volume and pricing of rental transactions and the utilization of cars and equipment. Significant changes in the purchase price of cars and equipment or interest rates can also have a significant effect on our profitability depending on our ability to adjust pricing for these changes. In the United States, increases of approximately 17% in monthly per-car depreciation costs for 2006 model year program cars began to adversely affect our results of operations in the fourth quarter of 2005, as those cars began to enter our fleet. On a comparable basis, we expect 2007 model year program vehicle depreciation costs to rise approximately 20% and per-car depreciation costs for 2007 model year U.S. risk cars to decline slightly. As a consequence of those changes in per-car costs, as well as the larger proportion of our U.S. fleet we expect to purchase as risk cars and other actions we expect to take to mitigate program car cost increases, we expect our net per-car depreciation costs for 2007 model year cars in the United States will increase by approximately 4% from our net per-car depreciation costs for 2006 model year U.S. cars. We began to experience the impact of those cost changes and mitigation actions in the fourth quarter of 2006, as substantial numbers of 2007 model year cars began to enter our U.S. rental fleet. Our business requires significant expenditures for cars and equipment, and consequently we require substantial liquidity to finance such expenditures.
Our car rental and equipment rental operations are seasonal businesses, with decreased levels of business in the winter months and heightened activity during the spring and summer. We have the ability to dynamically manage fleet capacity, the most significant portion of our cost structure, to meet market demand. For instance, to accommodate increased demand, we increase our available fleet and staff during the second and third quarters of the year. As business demand declines, fleet and staff are decreased accordingly. A number of our other major operating costs, including airport concession fees, commissions and vehicle liability expenses, are directly related to revenues or transaction volumes. In addition, our management expects to utilize enhanced process improvements, including efficiency initiatives and use of our information systems, to help manage our variable costs. Approximately two-thirds of our typical annual operating costs represent variable costs, while the remaining one-third are fixed or semi-fixed. We also maintain a flexible workforce, with a significant number of part time and seasonal workers. However, certain operating expenses, including minimum concession fees, rent, insurance, and administrative overhead, remain fixed and cannot be adjusted for seasonal demand.
As part of our effort to implement our strategy of reducing operating costs, we are evaluating our workforce and operations and making adjustments, including headcount reductions and process improvements to optimize work flow at rental locations and maintenance facilities as well as streamlining our back-office operations and evaluating outsourcing opportunities. When we make adjustments to our workforce and operations, we may incur incremental expenses that delay the benefit of a more efficient workforce and operating structure, but we believe that increasing our operating efficiency and reducing the costs associated with the operation of our business are important to our long-term competitiveness.
On January 5, 2007, we announced the first in a series of initiatives to further improve our competitiveness through targeted job reductions affecting approximately 200 employees primarily at our corporate headquarters in Park Ridge, New Jersey and our U.S. service center in Oklahoma City. These reductions are expected to result in annualized savings of up to $15.8 million.
On February 28, 2007, we announced the second initiative to further improve our competitiveness and industry leadership through targeted job reductions affecting approximately 1,350 employees primarily in our U.S. car rental operations, with much smaller reductions occurring in our U.S. equipment rental operations, the corporate headquarters in Park Ridge, New Jersey, and the U.S. service center in Oklahoma City, as well as in Canada, Puerto Rico, Brazil, Australia and New Zealand. These reductions are expected to result in annualized savings of up to $125.0 million.
53
On June 1, 2007, we announced the third initiative to further improve our operational efficiency. The initiative, being implemented in the second quarter of 2007, affects approximately 480 positions in our U.S. car and equipment rental operations, and our U.S. service center in Oklahoma City, and generally excludes customer-facing positions. The initiative is expected to result in approximately $24.0 million of annualized savings.
We recognized $32.6 million of restructuring charges during the quarter ended March 31, 2007 relating to our restructuring initiatives discussed above. In connection with the initiative announced on June 1, 2007, we anticipate incurring an estimated $8.0 to $10.0 million charge for one-time severance costs and ongoing restructuring activities that will be taken during the second quarter of 2007. By the end of the fourth quarter of 2007, we expect to implement cost savings initiatives in our European operations that are expected to result in additional annualized savings of approximately $50.0 million. Further cost reduction initiatives are in process, including European head office restructuring and business process outsourcing. We currently anticipate incurring future charges to earnings in connection with those initiatives; however, we have not yet developed detailed estimates of these expenses.
In the United States, industry revenues from airport rentals only in 2004 returned to levels seen before the 2001 recession and the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. For the quarter ended March 31, 2007, based on publicly available information, we believe some U.S. car rental companies experienced pricing increases with varying transaction day growth compared to comparable prior periods. For the quarter ended March 31, 2007, we experienced higher worldwide car rental volumes, while pricing, which we measure through rental rate revenue per transaction day, or "RPD," for worldwide car rental was unchanged as a slight improvement in international pricing offset a slight decline in U.S. pricing.
In the three years ended December 31, 2006, we increased the number of our off-airport rental locations in the United States by approximately 32% to approximately 1,380 locations. Revenues from our U.S. off-airport operations grew during the same period, representing $885.2 million, $843.7 million and $697.4 million of our total car rental revenues in the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Our expanding U.S. off-airport operations represented $217.6 million and $207.2 million of our total car rental revenues in the quarters ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. In 2007 and subsequent years our strategy may include selected openings of new off-airport locations, the disciplined evaluation of existing locations and the pursuit of same-store sales growth. When we open a new off-airport location, we incur a number of costs, including those relating to site selection, lease negotiation, recruitment of employees, selection and development of managers, initial sales activities and integration of our systems with those of the companies who will reimburse the location's replacement renters for their rentals. A new off-airport location, once opened, takes time to generate its full potential revenues, and as a result revenues at new locations do not initially cover their start-up costs and often do not, for some time, cover the costs of their ongoing operation.
From 2001 to 2003, the equipment rental industry experienced downward pricing, measured by the rental rates charged by rental companies. For the years ended December 31, 2004, 2005, 2006 and the first quarter of 2007, we believe industry pricing, measured in the same way, improved in the United States and Canada and only started to improve towards the end of 2005 in France and Spain. HERC also experienced higher equipment rental pricing and volumes worldwide for the year ended December 31, 2006 and the first quarter of 2007. HERC slightly contracted its network of equipment rental locations during the 2001 to 2003 downturn in construction activities. HERC added five new locations in the United States in 2004, six new locations in 2005 and ten new locations in the United States and two new locations in Canada in 2006. During the first quarter of 2007, HERC added four new locations and closed four locations in the United States. HERC expects to add approximately 10 to 15 additional new locations in the United States and two additional locations in Canada during the remainder of the year. In its U.S. expansion, we expect HERC will incur non-fleet start-up costs of
54
approximately $0.6 million per location and additional fleet acquisition costs over an initial twelve-month period of approximately $5.4 million per location.
Property damage and business interruption from the 2005 hurricanes in Florida and other Gulf Coast states did not have a material effect on our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2005.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Our discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations are based upon our unaudited interim condensed consolidated and audited annual consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts in our financial statements and accompanying notes.
We believe the following critical accounting policies affect the more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our financial statements and changes in these judgments and estimates may impact our future results of operations and financial condition. For additional discussion of our accounting policies, see Note 1 to the notes to our audited annual consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Revenue Earning Equipment
Our principal assets are revenue earning equipment, which represented approximately 53% of our total assets as of December 31, 2006. Revenue earning equipment consists of vehicles utilized in our car rental operations and equipment utilized in our equipment rental operations. For the year ended December 31, 2006, 64% of the vehicles purchased for our U.S. and international car rental fleet were subject to repurchase by automobile manufacturers under contractual repurchase and guaranteed depreciation programs, subject to certain manufacturers' car condition and mileage requirements, at a specific price during a specified time period. These programs limit our residual risk with respect to vehicles purchased under the programs. For all other vehicles, as well as equipment acquired by our equipment rental business, we use historical experience and monitor market conditions to set depreciation rates. When revenue earning equipment is acquired, we estimate the period that we will hold the asset. Depreciation is recorded on a straight-line basis over the estimated holding period, with the objective of minimizing gain or loss on the disposition of the revenue earning equipment. Depreciation rates are reviewed on an ongoing basis based on management's routine review of present and estimated future market conditions and their effect on residual values at the time of disposal. Upon disposal of the revenue earning equipment, depreciation expense is adjusted for the difference between the net proceeds received and the remaining net book value. As market conditions change, we adjust our depreciation rates prospectively, over the remaining holding period, to reflect these changes in market conditions. See Note 7 to the notes to our audited annual consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Public Liability and Property Damage
The obligation for public liability and property damage, on self-insured U.S. and international vehicles and equipment represents an estimate for both reported accident claims not yet paid, and claims incurred but not yet reported. The related liabilities are recorded on a non-discounted basis. Reserve requirements are based on actuarial evaluations of historical accident claim experience and trends, as well as future projections of ultimate losses, expenses, premiums and administrative costs. The adequacy of the liability is regularly monitored based on evolving accident claim history. If our estimates change or if actual results differ from these assumptions, the amount of the recorded liability is adjusted to reflect these results.
55
Pensions
Our employee pension costs and obligations are dependent on our assumptions used by actuaries in calculating such amounts. These assumptions include discount rates, salary growth, long-term return on plan assets, retirement rates, mortality rates and other factors. Actual results that differ from our assumptions are accumulated and amortized over future periods and, therefore, generally affect our recognized expense in such future periods. While we believe that the assumptions used are appropriate, significant differences in actual experience or significant changes in assumptions would affect our pension costs and obligations.
In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, or "SFAS" No. 158, or "SFAS No. 158," "Employers' Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans." SFAS No. 158 requires employers to fully recognize the obligations associated with single employer defined benefit pension plans, retiree healthcare and other postretirement plans in their financial statements. The provisions of SFAS No. 158 were effective as of our fiscal year ending December 31, 2006. The effect of applying SFAS No. 158 as of December 31, 2006 was as follows (in thousands of dollars):
|
Before application of SFAS No. 158 |
Adjustments Increase (Decrease) |
After application of SFAS No. 158 |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Accrued salaries and other compensation | $ | 474,777 | $ | (11,311 | ) | $ | 463,466 | ||
Deferred taxes on income | 1,796,200 | 4,873 | 1,801,073 | ||||||
Total liabilities | 16,134,464 | (6,438 | ) | 16,128,026 | |||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income | 88,090 | 6,438 | 94,528 | ||||||
Total stockholders' equity | 2,528,124 | 6,438 | 2,534,562 |
See Note 5 to the notes to our audited annual consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets
We review goodwill for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the goodwill may not be recoverable, and also review goodwill annually in accordance with SFAS No. 142, "Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets." Our annual review is conducted in the second quarter of each year. Under SFAS No. 142, goodwill impairment is deemed to exist if the carrying value of goodwill exceeds its fair value. In addition, SFAS No. 142 requires that goodwill be tested at least annually using a two-step process. The first step is to identify any potential impairment by comparing the carrying value of the reporting unit to its fair value. If a potential impairment is identified, the second step is to compare the implied fair value of goodwill with its carrying amount to measure the impairment loss. We estimate the fair value of our reporting units using a discounted cash flow methodology. A significant decline in the projected cash flows used to determine fair value could result in a goodwill impairment charge.
The Acquisition was recorded by allocating the cost of the assets acquired, including intangible assets and liabilities assumed, based on their estimated fair values at the Acquisition date. Consequently, as a result of the Acquisition, we have recognized significant intangible assets. In accordance with SFAS No. 142, we reevaluate the estimated useful lives of our intangible assets annually or as circumstances change. Those intangible assets considered to have indefinite useful lives are evaluated for impairment on an annual basis, by comparing the fair value of the intangible asset to its carrying value. In addition, whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of intangible assets might not be recoverable, we will perform an impairment review. We estimate the fair value of our intangible assets using a discounted cash flow methodology. Intangible assets with finite useful lives are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives and reviewed for
56
impairment in accordance with SFAS No. 144, "Accounting for Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets."
Our estimates are based upon historical trends, management's knowledge and experience and overall economic factors. While we believe our estimates are reasonable, different assumptions regarding items such as future cash flows and volatility in the markets we serve could affect our evaluations and result in an impairment charge to the carrying amount of our goodwill and our intangible assets.
See Note 2 to the notes to our audited annual consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Income Taxes
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date. Valuation allowances are recorded to reduce deferred tax assets when it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized.
During 2006, a third party was engaged to perform a comprehensive analysis of our deferred taxes in order to remediate a significant deficiency noted during the 2005 testing of internal controls over financial reporting related to income taxes. The domestic deferred tax analysis was finalized in the fourth quarter of 2006 and resulted in a $159.4 million decrease to our deferred tax liability and a $156.3 million decrease to our goodwill. We have determined that these adjustments were not material to our 2006 or previously issued consolidated financial statements.
See Note 8 to the notes to our audited annual consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
We may be exposed to liabilities for tax contingencies of Ford arising from the period during which we were a consolidated subsidiary of Ford. While Ford has agreed to indemnify us for certain liabilities pursuant to the arrangements relating to our separation from Ford, we cannot offer assurance that any payments in respect of these indemnification arrangements will be made available.
We adopted the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 48, or "FIN 48," "Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes-an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109," on January 1, 2007. Upon adoption, we recorded an $18.9 million increase to our liabilities for unrecognized tax benefits. The increase in liabilities was recorded as a charge of $3.6 million and an increase of $15.3 million to the January 1, 2007 retained earnings and goodwill balances, respectively. As of the adoption date, we had gross tax effected unrecognized tax benefits of $20.3 million, of which $5.1 million, if recognized, would favorably impact the effective tax rate in future periods.
Stock-Based Compensation
In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or the "FASB," revised its SFAS, No. 123, with SFAS No. 123R, "Share-Based Payment." The revised statement requires a public entity to measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award. That cost is to be recognized over the period during which the employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award. We have accounted for our employee stock based compensation awards in accordance with SFAS No. 123R. As disclosed in Note 6 to the notes to our audited annual consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus, we estimated the fair value of options issued at the date of grant using a Black Scholes
57
option pricing model, which includes assumptions related to volatility, expected term, dividend yield, risk-free interest rate and forfeiture rate. The non-cash stock-based compensation expense associated with the Hertz Holdings Stock Incentive Plan is pushed down from Hertz Holdings and recorded on the books at the Hertz level.
As described under "Hertz Holdings Stock Incentive Plan," Hertz Holdings granted or modified options to purchase shares of its common stock and sold shares of its common stock to certain of its employees in May, June and August of 2006. Our management and the compensation committee of our Board of Directors determined that the fair value per share of our common stock was $10.00 ($4.56 after giving effect to special cash dividends paid on June 30, 2006 and November 21, 2006) as of May 15, 2006, $12.00 per share ($6.56 after giving effect to special cash dividends paid on June 30, 2006 and November 21, 2006) as of June 30, 2006 and $7.68 as of August 15, 2006 ($6.56 after adjustment for the special cash dividend paid on November 21, 2006). Determining the fair value of our common stock as of each of these dates required making subjective judgments. Hertz engaged an independent valuation specialist to perform a valuation of the common stock of Hertz Holdings as of May 15, 2006, June 30, 2006 and August 15, 2006 to assist management and the compensation committee of our Board of Directors in connection with the determination of the fair market value of our common stock as of these dates.
Several events that occurred over the period from late August through September 2006, as well as the proximity of the then-proposed initial public offering of our common stock, led us to reconsider the method used for estimating the fair value of our common stock under SFAS No. 123R as of August 15, 2006, and we have subsequently determined that the fair value of our common stock as of August 15, 2006 should be $16.37 per share, rather than $7.68 ($6.56 after adjustment for the special cash dividend paid on November 21, 2006) as had originally been determined at that time. In determining the fair value per share of our common stock as of the August 15, 2006 date, we placed significantly greater weight on these additional events than on the valuation report prepared by the independent valuation specialist as of August 15, 2006.
The events that led us to reconsider the fair value of our common stock as of August 15, 2006, in addition to the proximity of the offering, include the emergence of an actively traded car rental industry participant comparable in size to us, Avis Budget Group, Inc. or "ABG," and the related increase in analyst coverage of the car rental industry, with the associated emergence of coverage that includes fully developed, forward looking income statement, balance sheet and revenue models and price targets and multiples for industry participants that utilize a more standardized valuation metric that utilizes measures similar to what Hertz Holdings refers to as "Corporate EBITDA." Before ABG's emergence as a stand alone public company and the industry research that has been associated with it, there was limited forward looking industry trend information or valuation information available to provide forward looking valuation benchmarks for companies in the car rental industry. This situation changed in August and September 2006 as analysts from major investment banking firms developed detailed projections models and provided their views of industry trends. Also in September 2006, analysts from two major investment banking firms each published their views with respect to trends in the car rental industry and of the appropriate valuation for ABG, including forward looking price targets for ABG's stock. Each of these factors was also considered important when determining the initial public offering price range for our common stock.
We determined the fair value of our common stock as of August 15, 2006 for financial reporting purposes by applying a marketability discount, reflecting the likelihood and timing of the successful completion of the then-proposed initial public offering of our common stock as of August 15, 2006, to the assumed initial public offering price range of $16.00 or $18.00 per share.
The options granted on August 15, 2006 were issued at strike prices of $7.68 per share ($6.56 after adjustment for the special cash dividend paid on November 21, 2006), $10.68 per share ($9.56 after
58
adjustment for the special cash dividend paid on November 21, 2006) and $15.68 per share ($14.56 after adjustment for the special cash dividend paid on November 21, 2006), and we will record compensation expense totaling $19.0 million based on a fair value per share of $16.37 that will be amortized over the service period that began on the grant date. We also recognized compensation expense of $13.2 million associated with the difference between the price of $7.68 per share ($6.56 after adjustment for the special cash dividend paid on November 21, 2006) paid for the stock issued on August 15, 2006 and the reassessed fair value per share of $16.37 in the third quarter of 2006.
Because the shares sold in May 2006 were issued at a price at least equal to the fair market value of our common stock on the date of the issuances, we were not required to recognize compensation expense associated with these issuances. The compensation expense for the stock options we issued in May and June 2006 was initially determined to be $72.9 million, which we will recognize over the service period that began on the grant dates. As a result of a modification of these options made in June 2006 in connection with the special cash dividend paid on June 30, 2006, an additional $14.1 million of compensation expense will also be recognized over the remaining service period of the options. In June 2006 we sold shares to Craig R. Koch, our former Chief Executive Officer, for less than their fair value as determined as of the date of issuance, and recognized compensation expense of $0.2 million as a result. See "ManagementHertz Holdings Stock Incentive Plan."
If the fair value of our common stock exceeded the May 2006 option strike price by $1.00, we would have had to record additional compensation expense of $10.8 million in the aggregate over the service period of those options beginning in the second quarter of 2006, as well as a charge of $1.8 million in the aggregate as compensation expense associated with the May 2006 stock sales, the full amount of which would have been required to be recorded in the second quarter of 2006. If the fair value of our common stock had been $1.00 higher at the time of the special cash dividend paid on June 30, 2006, we would have had to recognize additional expense, related to the modification of the exercise price of the options, of $1.5 million, to be amortized over the service period of those options.
Prior to the consummation of the initial public offering of the common stock of Hertz Holdings on November 21, 2006, Hertz Holdings declared a special cash dividend, which was paid promptly following the completion of the offering. In connection with the special cash dividend, Hertz Holdings' outstanding stock options were adjusted to preserve the intrinsic value of the options, consistent with applicable tax law and the terms of the Stock Incentive Plan. The Board of Directors of Hertz Holdings approved this modification on October 12, 2006. Beginning on that date, the cost of the modification was recognized ratably over the remainder of the requisite service period for each grant. Because the modification was effective before the amount of the dividend was known, the cost of the modification reflected the assumption that the dividend would be funded by the proceeds to Hertz Holdings from the sale of the common stock after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. The assumed proceeds from the sale of the common stock were determined by assuming an offering price equivalent to the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of the initial public offering prospectus (or $17.00 per share) and resulted in an estimated dividend of $1.83 per share. The actual dividend declared was $1.12 per share. We will recognize incremental compensation cost of $14.2 million related to the cost of modifying the exercise prices of the stock options for the special cash dividend paid on November 21, 2006 over the remainder of the five-year requisite service period. This charge is based on the estimated dividend, rather than the actual dividend paid.
Results of Operations
In the following discussion, comparisons are made between the years ended December 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005 (combined) and December 31, 2005 (combined) and December 31, 2004, notwithstanding the presentation in our consolidated statements of operations for the year ended December 31, 2006, the Successor period ended December 31, 2005 and the Predecessor period ended December 20, 2005. A split presentation of an annual period is required under GAAP when a change
59
in accounting basis occurs. Consequently, the combined presentation for 2005 is not a recognized presentation under GAAP. Accounting for an acquisition requires that the historical carrying values of assets acquired and liabilities assumed be adjusted to fair value. A resulting higher cost basis associated with the allocation of the purchase price impacts post-acquisition period results, which impacts period-to-period comparisons. We believe a discussion of the separate periods presented for the year ended December 31, 2005 in our consolidated statements of operations may impede understanding of our operating performance. The impact of the Acquisition on the 11 day Successor period ended December 31, 2005 does not materially affect the comparison of the annual periods and, accordingly, we have prepared the discussion of our results of operations by comparing the year ended December 31, 2005 (combined) with the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2004 without regard to the differentiation between Predecessor and Successor results of operations for the Predecessor period ended December 20, 2005 and the Successor period ended December 31, 2005.
|
Successor |
Combined |
Successor |
Predecessor |
Predecessor |
||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
For the Periods from |
|
|||||||||||||||||
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
Years Ended December 31, |
Year Ended December 31 |
||||||||||||||||||||
|
December 21, 2005 to December 31, 2005 |
|
|||||||||||||||||||||
|
January 1, 2005 to December 20, 2005 |
||||||||||||||||||||||
|
2007 |
2006 |
2006 |
2005 |
2004 |
||||||||||||||||||
|
(Dollars in thousands) |
||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Car rental | $ | 1,505,075 | $ | 1,399,622 | $ | 6,273,612 | $ | 5,949,921 | $ | 129,448 | $ | 5,820,473 | $ | 5,430,805 | |||||||||
Equipment rental | 389,843 | 363,048 | 1,672,093 | 1,414,891 | 22,430 | 1,392,461 | 1,161,955 | ||||||||||||||||
Other | 26,614 | 23,924 | 112,700 | 104,402 | 2,591 | 101,811 | 83,192 | ||||||||||||||||
Total revenues | 1,921,532 | 1,786,594 | 8,058,405 | 7,469,214 | 154,469 | 7,314,745 | 6,675,952 | ||||||||||||||||
Expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Direct operating | 1,114,324 | 1,070,150 | 4,475,974 | 4,189,302 | 102,958 | 4,086,344 | 3,734,361 | ||||||||||||||||
Depreciation of revenue earning equipment | 467,817 | 407,254 | 1,757,202 | 1,599,689 | 43,827 | 1,555,862 | 1,463,258 | ||||||||||||||||
Selling, general and administrative | 200,377 | 162,177 | 723,921 | 638,553 | 15,167 | 623,386 | 591,317 | ||||||||||||||||
Interest, net of interest income | 229,587 | 210,313 | 900,657 | 499,982 | 25,735 | 474,247 | 384,464 | ||||||||||||||||
Total expenses | 2,012,105 | 1,849,894 | 7,857,754 | 6,927,526 | 187,687 | 6,739,839 | 6,173,400 | ||||||||||||||||
(Loss) income before income taxes and minority interest | (90,573 | ) | (63,300 | ) | 200,651 | 541,688 | (33,218 | ) | 574,906 | 502,552 | |||||||||||||
Benefit (provision) for taxes on income | 32,117 | 17,323 | (67,994 | ) | (179,089 | ) | 12,243 | (191,332 | ) | (133,870 | ) | ||||||||||||
Minority interest | (4,110 | ) | (3,259 | ) | (16,714 | ) | (12,622 | ) | (371 | ) | (12,251 | ) | (3,211 | ) | |||||||||
Net (loss) income | $ | (62,566 | ) | $ | (49,236 | ) | $ | 115,943 | $ | 349,977 | $ | (21,346 | ) | $ | 371,323 | $ | 365,471 | ||||||
60
The following table sets forth, for each of the periods indicated, the percentage of total revenues represented by various line items in our consolidated statements of operations:
|
Successor |
Combined |
Successor |
Predecessor |
Predecessor |
|||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Three Months Ended March 31, |
Years Ended December 31, |
For the Periods from |
Year Ended December 31, |
||||||||||||
|
2007 |
2006 |
2006 |
2005 |
December 21, 2005 to December 31, 2005 |
January 1, 2005 to December 20, 2005 |
2004 |
|||||||||
Revenues: | ||||||||||||||||
Car rental | 78.3 | % | 78.4 | % | 77.9 | % | 79.7 | % | 83.8 | % | 79.6 | % | 81.3 | % | ||
Equipment rental | 20.3 | 20.3 | 20.7 | 18.9 | 14.5 | 19.0 | 17.4 | |||||||||
Other | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 1.3 | |||||||||
Total revenues | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | |||||||||
Expenses: | ||||||||||||||||
Direct operating | 58.0 | 59.9 | 55.5 | 56.1 | 66.6 | 55.9 | 55.9 | |||||||||
Depreciation of revenue earning equipment | 24.3 | 22.8 | 21.8 | 21.4 | 28.4 | 21.3 | 21.9 | |||||||||
Selling, general and administrative | 10.4 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 8.5 | 9.8 | 8.5 | 8.9 | |||||||||
Interest, net of interest income | 12.0 | 11.8 | 11.2 | 6.7 | 16.7 | 6.4 | 5.8 | |||||||||
Total expenses | 104.7 | 103.5 | 97.5 | 92.7 | 121.5 | 92.1 | 92.5 | |||||||||
(Loss) income before income taxes and minority interest | (4.7 | ) | (3.5 | ) | 2.5 | 7.3 | (21.5 | ) | 7.9 | 7.5 | ||||||
Benefit (provision) for taxes on income | 1.6 | 0.9 | (0.9 | ) | (2.4 | ) | 7.9 | (2.6 | ) | (2.0 | ) | |||||
Minority interest | (0.2 | ) | (0.2 | ) | (0.2 | ) | (0.2 | ) | (0.2 | ) | (0.2 | ) | | |||
Net (loss) income | (3.3 | )% | (2.8 | )% | 1.4 | % | 4.7 | % | (13.8 | )% | 5.1 | % | 5.5 | % | ||
Three Months Ended March 31, 2007 Compared with Three Months Ended March 31, 2006
Revenues
Total revenues in the quarter ended March 31, 2007 of $1,921.5 million increased by 7.6% from $1,786.6 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2006.
Revenues from our car rental operations of $1,505.1 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2007 increased by $105.5 million, or 7.5%, from $1,399.6 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2006. The increase was primarily the result of a 4.2% increase in car rental volume worldwide, an increase in airport concession recovery fees and the effects of foreign currency translation of approximately $32.6 million.
Pricing for worldwide car rental was unchanged from the quarter ended March 31, 2006, as a slight improvement in international pricing offset a slight decline in U.S. pricing. The change in U.S. pricing was primarily due to our accelerating growth rate in off-airport transaction days and a shift from transaction days booked through traditional non-online channels to those booked online. U.S. airport pricing increased 0.6%, impacted by a higher mix of online business at a relatively lower RPD. U.S. off-airport pricing declined 1.3% reflecting our strategy to increase our mix of insurance replacement business which has a lower cost profile and a relatively lower RPD. In the U.S., those customer subsets which book online that we have actively targeted, as well as off-airport business, have longer length profiles, which produce higher rental rate revenue per transaction and generally have lower fleet holding costs due to the use of less costly vehicles and lower overall costs than other types of rentals. Increasing our penetration in these relatively longer length but lower RPD sectors is consistent with our long term strategy to generate profitable growth and to benefit from improved pricing in the future.
61
Revenues from our equipment rental operations of $389.8 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2007 increased by $26.8 million, or 7.4%, from $363.0 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2006. The increase was due to higher rental volume and improved pricing worldwide and the effects of foreign currency translation of $3.1 million.
Revenues from all other sources of $26.6 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2007 increased by $2.7 million, or 11.2%, from $23.9 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2006, primarily due to the increase in car rental licensee revenue.
Expenses
Total expenses of $2,012.1 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2007 increased by 8.8% from $1,849.9 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2006, and total expenses as a percentage of revenues increased to 104.7% in the quarter ended March 31, 2007 compared with 103.5% in the quarter ended March 31, 2006.
Direct operating expenses of $1,114.3 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2007 increased by $44.2 million, or 4.1%, from $1,070.1 million for the quarter ended March 31, 2006. The increase was the result of increases in personnel related expenses, fleet related expenses and other direct operating expenses.
Personnel related expenses increased $10.4 million, or 2.6%. The increase primarily related to an increase in wages and the effects of foreign currency translation of approximately $7.1 million.
Fleet related expenses increased $5.6 million, or 2.3%. The majority of the increase primarily related to the increase in worldwide rental volume and the effects of foreign currency translation of approximately $7.4 million.
Other direct operating expenses increased $28.2 million, or 6.5%. The majority of the increase related to the increase in worldwide rental volume and included restructuring charges of $12.9 million, increases in concession fees in our car rental operations of $9.9 million, commission fees of $4.8 million and facility expenses of $3.2 million and the effects of foreign currency translation of approximately $9.1 million.
Depreciation of revenue earning equipment for our car rental operations of $395.9 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2007 increased by 14.6% from $345.6 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2006. The increase was primarily due to the higher cost of vehicles in the United States, lower net proceeds received in excess of book value on the disposal of used vehicles, a $5.5 million net increase in depreciation in our U.S. and Canadian car rental operations resulting from an increase in depreciation rates to reflect changes in the estimated residual value of vehicles and the effects of foreign currency translation. Depreciation of revenue earning equipment for our equipment rental operations of $71.9 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2007 increased by 16.5% from $61.7 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2006 primarily due to an increase in the quantity of equipment operated and lower net proceeds received in excess of book value on the disposal of used equipment.
Selling, general and administrative expenses of $200.4 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2007 increased by 23.6% from $162.2 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2006. The increase was primarily due to increases in administrative and advertising expenses and the effects of foreign currency translation. The increase in administrative expenses was primarily due to restructuring charges of $19.7 million, stock-based employee compensation expense of $6.1 million and an increase in consulting fees of $3.9 million. Additionally, advertising expenses increased $4.2 million.
Interest expense, net of interest income, of $229.6 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2007 increased by 9.2% from $210.3 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2006, primarily due to the
62
write-off of $16.1 million of unamortized debt costs associated with certain debt modifications, the ineffectiveness of our HVF swaps (defined below) of $12.8 million in 2007 and an increase in the weighted average interest rate, partly offset by a decrease in the weighted average debt outstanding and an increase in interest income.
Adjusted Pre-Tax Income (Loss)
Adjusted pre-tax income for our car rental segment of $36.9 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2007 increased by 110.9% from $17.5 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2006. The increase was primarily due to the transaction day improvement and lower total expenses as a percentage of revenues. Adjusted pre-tax income for our equipment rental segment of $65.6 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2007 increased by 23.1% from $53.3 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2006. The increase was primarily due to revenue improvements and lower total expenses as a percentage of revenues. Adjusted pre-tax loss for "Corporate and other" of $86.4 million increased by 4.9% from a loss of $82.4 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2006. The increase was primarily due to stock-based employee compensation expense.
Benefit for Taxes on Income and Minority Interest
The benefit for taxes on income of $32.1 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2007 increased by 85.4% from $17.3 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2006, primarily due to the impact of the tax benefit attributable to the restructuring charges. The effective tax rate for the quarter ended March 31, 2007 increased to 35.5% from 27.4% in the quarter ended March 31, 2006 due to the tax benefit from the restructuring charges in 2007 and the impact of not providing a benefit for tax losses in certain countries in 2006.
Minority interest of $4.1 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2007 increased $0.9 million from $3.2 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2006. The increase was primarily due to an increase in our majority-owned subsidiary Navigation Solutions LLC's net income in the quarter ended March 31, 2007 as compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2006.
Net Loss
We had a net loss of $62.6 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2007, representing a $13.4 million increase in net loss from a net loss of $49.2 million in the quarter ended March 31, 2006. The increase in net loss was primarily due to the after-tax restructuring charges of $20.1 million, as well as the net effect of other contributing factors noted above. The impact of changes in exchange rates on the net loss was mitigated by the fact that not only foreign revenues but also most foreign expenses were incurred in local currencies.
Effects of Acquisition
The following table summarizes the purchase accounting effects of the Acquisition on our results of operations for the quarters ended March 31, 2007 and 2006 (in millions of dollars):
|
Quarter ended March 31, |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2007 |
2006 |
|||||
Depreciation and amortization of tangible and intangible assets: | |||||||
Other intangible assets | $ | 15.3 | $ | 15.3 | |||
Revenue earning equipment | 4.3 | 1.9 | |||||
Property and equipment | 2.1 | 3.5 | |||||
Accretion of revalued liabilities: | |||||||
Discount on debt | 2.3 | 2.1 | |||||
Workers' compensation and public liability and property damage | 1.4 | 1.3 | |||||
$ | 25.4 | $ | 24.1 | ||||
63
Year Ended December 31, 2006 Compared with Year Ended December 31, 2005
Revenues
Total revenues of $8,058.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 increased by 7.9% from $7,469.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2005.
Revenues from our car rental operations of $6,273.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 increased by $323.7 million, or 5.4%, from $5,949.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. The increase was primarily the result of a 1.1% increase in car rental volume worldwide, a 2.7% increase in pricing worldwide, increases in airport concession recovery and refueling fees, license and tax reimbursement fees and the effects of foreign currency translation of approximately $36.4 million.
Revenues from our equipment rental operations of $1,672.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 increased by $257.2 million, or 18.2%, from $1,414.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. The increase was primarily due to higher rental volume and improved pricing in the United States and Canada and the effects of foreign currency translation of approximately $18.9 million.
Revenues from all other sources of $112.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 increased by $8.3 million, or 7.9%, from $104.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2005, primarily due to the increase in car rental licensee revenue and the effects of foreign currency translation.
Expenses
Total expenses of $7,857.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 increased by 13.4% from $6,927.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 and total expenses as a percentage of revenues increased to 97.5% for the year ended December 31, 2006 compared with 92.7% for the year ended December 31, 2005.
Direct operating expenses of $4,476.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 increased by $286.7 million, or 6.8%, from $4,189.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. The increase was the result of increases in personnel related expenses, fleet related expenses and other direct operating expenses.
Personnel related expenses increased $21.7 million, or 1.4%. The increase primarily related to an increase in wages and the effects of foreign currency translation of approximately $8.3 million, partly offset by a decrease in benefits due to a decrease in the number of employees.
Fleet related expenses increased $69.2 million, or 7.1%. The majority of the increase primarily related to the increase in worldwide rental volume and included increases in gasoline costs of $28.9 million, which also reflects the higher price of gasoline, vehicle damage and maintenance expense of $25.1 million, vehicle excise tax of $5.4 million, self insurance expense of $4.1 million and the effects of foreign currency translation of approximately $8.7 million.
Other direct operating expenses increased $195.8 million, or 12.0%. The majority of the increase related to the increase in worldwide rental volume and included increases in concession fees in our car rental operations of $35.2 million, commission fees of $21.7 million, facility expenses of $21.4 million, customer service costs of $11.5 million and guaranteed charge card fees of $10.7 million. Additionally, there were increases in the amortization of other intangible assets of $59.4 million, the cost of equipment and supplies sold of $24.7 million and the effects of foreign currency translation of approximately $13.1 million.
Depreciation of revenue earning equipment for our car rental operations of $1,479.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 increased by 7.1% from $1,381.5 million for the year ended
64
December 31, 2005. The increase was primarily due to higher depreciation costs for 2006 and 2007 model year program cars, lower net proceeds received in excess of book value on the disposal of used cars in the United States and a $9.0 million increase in depreciation for our international car rental operations due to increases in depreciation rates made during 2006 to reflect changes in the estimated residual values of cars. This increase was partly offset by a $3.7 million net reduction in depreciation in our domestic car rental operations resulting from a decrease in depreciation rates effective January 1, 2006 to reflect changes in the estimated residual values of cars. Depreciation of revenue earning equipment for our equipment rental operations of $277.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 increased by 27.2% from $218.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 due to an increase in the quantity of equipment operated and lower net proceeds received in excess of book value on the disposal of used equipment in the United States. This increase was partly offset by a $15.3 million and $3.1 million net reduction in depreciation for our United States and Canadian operations combined and our French equipment rental operations, respectively, resulting from decreases in depreciation rates during 2006 to reflect changes in the estimated residual values of equipment.
Selling, general and administrative expenses of $723.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 increased by 13.4% from $638.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. The increase was primarily due to increases in administrative and sales promotion expenses. The increase in administrative expenses was primarily the result of an increase in consulting and legal fees of $23.6 million, foreign currency transaction losses of $22.1 million associated with the Euro-denominated debt and non-cash stock purchase and stock option compensation charges of $16.7 million. The increase in sales promotion expenses was primarily the result of increased sales commissions, salaries and incentive compensation.
Interest expense, net of interest income, of $900.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 increased by 80.1% from $500.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2005, primarily due to increases in the weighted average interest rate and the weighted average debt outstanding. The increase was partly offset by an increase in interest income.
The provision for taxes on income of $68.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 decreased by 62.0% from $179.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2005, primarily due to a decrease in income before income taxes and minority interest for the year ended December 31, 2006 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2005 and a $31.3 million provision relating to the repatriation of foreign earnings for the year ended December 31, 2005. The decrease was partly offset by the establishment of valuation allowances of $9.8 million relating to the realization of deferred tax assets in certain European countries and the establishment of certain federal and state contingencies for the year ended December 31, 2006 and the reversal of a valuation allowance on foreign tax credit carryforwards of $35.0 million and favorable foreign tax adjustments of $5.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2006 was 33.9% as compared to 33.1% for the year ended December 31, 2005. See Note 8 to the notes to our audited annual consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Minority interest of $16.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2006 increased $4.1 million from $12.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. The increase was due to an increase in our majority-owned subsidiary Navigation Solutions, L.L.C.'s, or "Navigation Solutions'," net income in the year ended December 31, 2006. See Note 4 to the notes to our audited annual consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Net Income
We had net income of $115.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, representing a decrease of $234.1 million, or 66.9%, from $350.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2005. The decrease in net income was primarily due to the 80.1% increase in interest expense over the year ended
65
December 31, 2005, as well as the net effect of other contributing factors noted above. The impact of changes in exchange rates on net income was mitigated by the fact that not only foreign revenues but also most foreign expenses were incurred in local currencies.
Effects of Acquisition
Increased interest expense resulting from our higher debt levels and increased depreciation and amortization expense resulting from the revaluation of our tangible assets and the recognition of certain identified intangible assets, all in connection with the Acquisition, had a significant adverse impact on full year 2006 income before income taxes and minority interest.
The following table summarizes the purchase accounting effects of the Acquisition on our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2006 (in millions of dollars):
Depreciation and amortization of tangible and intangible assets: | ||||
Other intangible assets | $ | 61.2 | ||
Revenue earning equipment | 13.8 | |||
Property and equipment | 10.0 | |||
Accretion of revalued liabilities: | ||||
Discount on debt | 8.8 | |||
Workers' compensation and public liability and property damage | 5.4 | |||
$ | 99.2 | |||
Year Ended December 31, 2005 (Combined) with Year Ended December 31, 2004
Revenues
Total revenues of $7,469.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 increased by 11.9% from $6,676.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2004.
Revenues from our car rental operations of $5,949.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 increased by $519.1 million, or 9.6%, from $5,430.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2004. The increase was primarily the result of a 4.1% increase in car rental volume worldwide, a 0.2% increase in pricing worldwide, an increase in airport concession recovery and refueling fees and the effects of foreign currency translation of approximately $23.1 million.
Revenues from our equipment rental operations of $1,414.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 increased by $252.9 million, or 21.8%, from $1,162.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2004. The increase was primarily due to higher rental volume and improved pricing in the United States and Canada and the effects of foreign currency translation of approximately $12.3 million.
Revenues from all other sources of $104.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 increased by $21.2 million, or 25.5%, from $83.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2004, primarily due to the increase in car rental licensee revenue and the effects of foreign currency translation.
Expenses
Total expenses of $6,927.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 increased by 12.2% from $6,173.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2004, principally due to the increase in revenues. Total expenses as a percentage of revenues increased to 92.7% for the year ended December 31, 2005 compared with 92.5% for the year ended December 31, 2004.
66
Direct operating expenses of $4,189.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 increased by $454.9 million (inclusive of $22.1 million related to the effects of foreign currency translation), or 12.2%, from $3,734.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2004. The increase was the result of increases in personnel related expenses, fleet related expenses and other direct operating expenses.
Personnel related expenses increased $139.8 million, or 9.7%. The increase primarily related to an increase in the number of employees and higher health care costs.
Fleet related expenses increased $94.9 million, or 10.8%. The majority of the increase primarily related to the increase in worldwide rental volume and included increases in gasoline costs of $49.3 million, which also reflects the higher price of gasoline, self-insurance of $16.4 million and vehicle damage and maintenance expense of $9.1 million.
Other direct operating expenses increased $220.3 million, or 15.7%. The majority of the increase primarily related to the increase in worldwide rental volume and included increases in commission fees of $51.0 million, facility expenses of $49.1 million (which includes a gain in 2004 of $7.5 million from the condemnation of a car rental and support facility in Florida), concession fees in our car rental operations of $25.9 million, customer service costs of $17.5 million and guaranteed charge card fees of $10.9 million. Additionally, there were increases in the cost of equipment sold of $18.7 million, equipment rental cost of $10.0 million and the receipt in 2004 of $7.0 million for claims made by us on our insurance policies for business interruption losses resulting from the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.
Depreciation of revenue earning equipment for our car rental operations of $1,381.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 increased by 12.4% from $1,228.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2004. The increase was primarily due to the increase in the average number of vehicles worldwide, higher cost of vehicles in the U.S., lower net proceeds received in excess of book value on the disposal of vehicles and the effects of foreign currency translation. This increase was partly offset by a $21.8 million net reduction in depreciation for our domestic car rental operations resulting from a decrease in depreciation rates to reflect changes in the estimated residual values of vehicles. Depreciation of revenue earning equipment for our equipment rental operations of $218.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 decreased by 7.0% from $234.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2004 due to higher net proceeds received in excess of book value on the disposal of used equipment in the United States, and a $13.2 million net reduction in depreciation resulting from the effects of changes in depreciation rates of equipment in the U.S. and Canada, partly offset by an increase in the quantity of equipment operated.
Selling, general and administrative expenses of $638.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 increased by 8.0% from $591.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2004. The increase was primarily due to increases in administrative and sales promotion expenses and the effects of foreign currency translation. The increases in administrative and sales promotion expenses were primarily due to increases in salaries, commissions and benefits relating to the improvement in earnings for the year ended December 31, 2005.
Interest expense, net of interest income, of $500.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 increased by 30.0% from $384.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2004, primarily due to increases in the weighted average debt outstanding, the weighted average interest rate and $35.6 million of interest expense on the $1,185.0 million Intercompany Note payable to Ford Holdings LLC relating to a dividend declared and paid to Ford Holdings LLC on June 10, 2005. The increase was partly offset by an increase in interest income.
The provision for taxes on income of $179.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 increased by 33.8% from $133.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2004, primarily due to an increase in income before income taxes and minority interest and a $31.3 million provision relating to the repatriation of foreign earnings for the year ended December 31, 2005, and net favorable tax
67
adjustments in 2004 totaling $46.6 million, principally relating to the evaluation of certain federal and foreign tax accruals and foreign tax credits. The increase was partly offset by the reversal of a valuation allowance on foreign tax credit carryforwards of $35.0 million and favorable foreign tax adjustments of $5.3 million. The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2005 was 33.1% as compared to 26.6% for the year ended December 31, 2004. See Note 8 to the notes to our audited annual consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Minority interest of $12.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 increased $9.4 million from $3.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2004. The increase was due to only two quarters of earnings being included in 2004 as we increased our ownership interest in Navigation Solutions beginning in July 2004. See Note 4 to the notes to our audited annual consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Net Income
We had net income of $350.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2005, representing a decrease of $15.5 million, or 4.2%, from $365.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2004. The decrease in net income was primarily due to the one-time $31.3 million tax provision relating to the repatriation of foreign earnings, as well as the net effect of other contributing factors noted above. The impact of changes in exchange rates on net income was mitigated by the fact that not only foreign revenues but also most foreign expenses were incurred in local currencies.
Effects of Acquisition
The loss for the Successor period ended December 31, 2005 relates to lower rental demand due to the seasonality of the business and costs associated with the Transactions. Increased interest expense resulting from our higher debt levels and increased depreciation and amortization expense resulting from the revaluation of our assets and the recognition of certain identified intangible assets, all in connection with the Acquisition, had a significant adverse impact on full year 2006 income before income taxes and minority interest.
68
Quarterly Financial Data
The following table presents unaudited consolidated income statement data for each of the nine fiscal quarters in the period ended March 31, 2007. The operating results for any quarter are not necessarily indicative of the results for any future period. These quarterly results were prepared in accordance with GAAP and reflect all adjustments that are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair statement of the results.
|
Successor |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
First Quarter 2006 |
Second Quarter 2006 |
Third Quarter 2006 |
Fourth Quarter 2006 |
First Quarter 2007 |
|||||||||||
|
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data) |
|||||||||||||||
Revenues | $ | 1,786,594 | $ | 2,040,633 | $ | 2,240,594 | $ | 1,990,584 | $ | 1,921,532 | ||||||
Operating income: pre-tax income before interest expense and minority interest | 147,013 | (1)(2) | 269,883 | (4) | 413,685 | (5) | 270,727 | (6) | 139,014 | (9)(10) | ||||||
(Loss) income before income taxes and minority interest | (63,300 | )(1)(2)(3) | 57,273 | (3)(4) | 163,971 | (3)(5) | 42,707 | (3)(6)(7) | (90,573 | )(3)(11) | ||||||
Net (loss) income | (49,236 | ) | 17,818 | 107,538 | 39,823 | (8) | (62,566 | )(12) | ||||||||
(Loss) earnings per share, basic | $ | (0.21 | ) | $ | 0.08 | $ | 0.46 | $ | 0.14 | $ | (0.20 | ) | ||||
(Loss) earnings per share, diluted | $ | (0.21 | ) | $ | 0.08 | $ | 0.46 | $ | 0.14 | $ | (0.20 | ) |
|
Predecessor |
Successor |
||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
For the periods from |
||||||||||||
|
First Quarter 2005 |
Second Quarter 2005 |
Third Quarter 2005 |
October 1, 2005 to December 20, 2005 |
December 21, 2005 to December 31, 2005 |
|||||||||||
Revenues | $ | 1,640,573 | $ | 1,862,329 | $ | 2,123,630 | $ | 1,688,213 | $ | 154,469 | ||||||
Operating income (loss): pre-tax income (loss) before interest expense and minority interest | 134,691 | 267,386 | (13) | 405,460 | (14) | 241,616 | (17) | (7,483 | )(17) | |||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes and minority interest | 35,479 | 154,554 | (13) | 264,296 | (14)(15) | 120,577 | (17)(18) | (33,218 | )(17) | |||||||
Net income (loss) | 20,875 | 99,200 | 205,221 | (16) | 46,027 | (19) | (21,346 | ) | ||||||||
Earnings (Loss) per share, basic | $ | 0.09 | $ | 0.43 | $ | 0.89 | $ | 0.20 | $ | (0.09 | ) | |||||
Earnings (Loss) per share, diluted | $ | 0.09 | $ | 0.43 | $ | 0.89 | $ | 0.20 | $ | (0.09 | ) |
69
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of March 31, 2007, we had cash and equivalents of $476.9 million, a decrease of $197.7 million from December 31, 2006. As of March 31, 2007, we had $191.8 million of restricted cash to be used for the purchase of revenue earning vehicles and equipment under our like-kind exchange programs, the repayment of outstanding indebtedness primarily under our ABS Program and to satisfy certain of our self-insurance reserve requirements.
Our domestic and foreign operations are funded by cash provided by operating activities and by extensive financing arrangements maintained by us in the United States, Europe, Puerto Rico, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and Brazil. Net cash provided by operating activities during the quarter ended March 31, 2007 was $1,124.8 million, a decrease of $80.2 million from the quarter ended March 31, 2006. The decrease was primarily due to decreases in our receivables and accrued liabilities, partly offset by an increase in accounts payable and depreciation of revenue earning equipment.
Our primary use of cash in investing activities is for the acquisition of revenue earning equipment, which consists of cars and equipment. Net cash used in investing activities during the quarter ended March 31, 2007 was $756.9 million, a decrease of $517.8 million from the quarter ended March 31, 2006. The decrease is primarily due to a decrease in revenue earning equipment expenditures and a decrease in restricted cash, partly offset by proceeds from the disposal of revenue earning equipment, which were lower than in the first quarter of 2006. For the quarter ended March 31, 2007, our expenditures for revenue earning equipment were $3,333.2 million, partially offset by proceeds from the disposal of such equipment of $2,243.2 million. These assets are purchased by us in accordance with the terms of programs negotiated with car and equipment manufacturers.
For the quarter ended March 31, 2007, our capital expenditures for property and non-revenue earning equipment were $37.6 million. For the quarter ended March 31, 2007, we experienced a decreased level of net expenditures for revenue earning equipment and property and equipment compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2006. This decrease was primarily due to the change in fleet mix, a decrease in the percentage of program cars purchased and an increase in the percentage of lower cost non-program cars purchased for the quarter ended March 31, 2007. For 2007, we expect the level of net expenditures for revenue earning equipment to be lower than 2006 and the level of expenditures for property and non-revenue earning equipment to be similar to that of 2006. See "Capital Expenditures" below.
70
Our car rental and equipment rental operations are seasonal businesses with decreased levels of business in the winter months and heightened activity during the spring and summer. This is particularly true of our airport car rental operations and our equipment rental operations. To accommodate increased demand, we maintain a larger fleet by holding vehicles and equipment and purchasing additional fleet which increases our financing requirements in the second and third quarters of the year. These seasonal financing needs are funded by increasing the utilization of our bank credit facilities and the variable funding notes portion of our U.S. Fleet Debt Facilities and, in past years, our commercial paper program. As business demand moderates during the winter, we reduce our fleet accordingly and dispose of vehicles and equipment. The disposal proceeds are used to reduce debt.
We are highly leveraged and a substantial portion of our liquidity needs arise from debt service on indebtedness incurred in connection with the Transactions and from the funding of our costs of operations, working capital and capital expenditures.
As of March 31, 2007, we had approximately $11,756.9 million of total indebtedness outstanding. Cash paid for interest during the quarter ended March 31, 2007, was $260.0 million, net of amounts capitalized.
We rely significantly on asset-backed financing to purchase cars for our domestic and international car rental fleets. For further information concerning our asset-backed financing programs, see "Description of Certain IndebtednessABS ProgramU.S. Fleet Debt" and "Description of Certain IndebtednessABS ProgramInternational Fleet Debt" below. For a discussion of risks related to our reliance on asset-backed financing to purchase cars, see "Risk FactorsRisks Related to Our BusinessOur reliance on asset-backed financing to purchase cars subjects us to a number of risks, many of which are beyond our control."
Also, substantially all of our revenue earning equipment and certain related assets are owned by special purpose entities, or are subject to liens in favor of the lenders under the Senior ABL Facility, the ABS Program, the International Fleet Debt Facilities or the fleet financing facility relating to our car rental fleet in Hawaii, Kansas, Puerto Rico and St. Thomas, the U.S. Virgin Islands or our temporary lending facility entered into by Hertz Belgium BVBA and Hertz Luxembourg S.A., all as described in more detail below. Substantially all of our other assets in the United States are also subject to liens in favor of our lenders under the Senior Credit Facilities, and substantially all of our other assets outside the United States are (with certain limited exceptions) subject to liens in favor of our lenders under the International Fleet Debt Facilities or (in the case of our Canadian HERC business) the Senior ABL Facility. None of these assets will be available to satisfy the claims of our general creditors.
We believe that cash generated from operations, together with amounts available under the Senior Credit Facilities, asset-backed financing and other available financing arrangements will be adequate to permit us to meet our debt service obligations, ongoing costs of operations, working capital needs and capital expenditure requirements for the foreseeable future. Our future financial and operating performance, ability to service or refinance our debt and ability to comply with covenants and restrictions contained in our debt agreements will be subject to future economic conditions and to financial, business and other factors, many of which are beyond our control. See "Risk Factors" and "Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements."
Financing
Senior Credit Facilities
Senior Term Facility. In connection with the Acquisition, Hertz entered into a credit agreement with respect to its Senior Term Facility with Deutsche Bank AG, New York Branch as administrative agent and collateral agent, Lehman Commercial Paper Inc. as syndication agent, Merrill Lynch & Co., Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated as documentation agent, and the other financial
71
institutions party thereto from time to time. The facility consisted of a $2,000.0 million secured term loan facility (which was decreased in February 2007 to $1,400.0 million) providing for loans denominated in U.S. dollars, which included a delayed draw facility of $293.0 million (which was utilized in 2006). In addition, there is a pre-funded synthetic letter of credit facility in an aggregate principal amount of $250.0 million. On the Closing Date, Hertz utilized $1,707.0 million of the Senior Term Facility and $182.2 million in letters of credit. As of March 31, 2007, we had $1,373.1 million in borrowings outstanding under this facility, which is net of a discount of $26.9 million, and had issued $241.4 million in letters of credit. The term loan facility and the synthetic letter of credit facility will mature on December 21, 2012.
Senior ABL Facility. Hertz, Hertz Equipment Rental Corporation and certain other subsidiaries of Hertz also entered into a credit agreement with respect to the Senior ABL Facility with Deutsche Bank AG, New York Branch as administrative agent and collateral agent, Deutsche Bank AG, Canada Branch as Canadian Agent and Canadian collateral agent, Lehman Commercial Paper Inc. as syndication agent, Merrill Lynch & Co., Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated as documentation agent and the financial institutions party thereto from time to time. This facility provided (subject to availability under a borrowing base) for aggregate maximum borrowings of $1,600.0 million (which was increased in February 2007 to $1,800.0 million) under a revolving loan facility providing for loans denominated in U.S. dollars, Canadian dollars, Euros and Pounds Sterling. Up to $200.0 million of the revolving loan facility is available for the issuance of letters of credit. Hertz and Hertz Equipment Rental Corporation are the U.S. borrowers under the Senior ABL Facility and Matthews Equipment Limited and its subsidiary Western Shut-Down (1995) Ltd. are the Canadian borrowers under the Senior ABL Facility. At March 31, 2007, net of a discount of $21.2 million, Hertz and Matthews Equipment Limited collectively had $278.8 million in borrowings outstanding under this facility and had issued $18.1 million in letters of credit. The Senior ABL Facility will mature on December 21, 2010 (which was extended in February 2007 to February 15, 2012).
Hertz's obligations under the Senior Term Facility and the Senior ABL Facility are guaranteed by Hertz Investors, Inc., its immediate parent and most of its direct and indirect domestic subsidiaries (subject to certain exceptions, including for subsidiaries involved in the U.S. Fleet Debt Facility and similar special purpose financings). HERC and Hertz are co-borrowers with joint and several obligations under the Senior ABL Facility. In addition, the obligations of the Canadian borrowers under the Senior ABL Facility are guaranteed by their respective subsidiaries, if any, subject to limited exceptions. The lenders under each of the Senior Term Facility and the Senior ABL Facility have received a security interest in substantially all of the tangible and intangible assets of the borrowers and guarantors under those facilities, including pledges of the stock of certain of their respective subsidiaries, subject in each case to certain exceptions (including in respect of the U.S. Fleet Debt, the International Fleet Debt and, in the case of the Senior ABL Facility, other secured fleet financing.) Consequently, these assets will not be available to satisfy the claims of our general creditors.
The Senior Credit Facilities contain a number of covenants that, among other things, limit or restrict the ability of the borrowers and the guarantors to dispose of assets, incur additional indebtedness, incur guarantee obligations, prepay other indebtedness, make dividends and other restricted payments, create liens, make investments, make acquisitions, engage in mergers, change the nature of their business, make capital expenditures, or engage in certain transactions with affiliates. Under the Senior Term Facility, the borrowers are subject to financial covenants, including a requirement to maintain a specified debt to Corporate EBITDA leverage ratio and a specified Corporate EBITDA to interest expense coverage ratio for specified periods (the requirements for both of these ratios vary throughout the term of the loan.) Also, under the Senior ABL Facility, if the borrowers fail to maintain a specified minimum level of borrowing capacity, they will then be subject to financial covenants under such facility, including a specified debt to Corporate EBITDA leverage ratio (the ratio varies throughout the term of the loan) and a specified Corporate EBITDA to fixed charges coverage ratio of one to one. Failure to comply with the financial covenants under the Senior Credit
72
Facilities would result in a default under the credit agreements governing our Senior Credit Facilities and, absent a waiver or an amendment from our lenders, permit the acceleration of all outstanding borrowings under the Senior Credit Facilities. As of March 31, 2007, we performed the calculations associated with the above noted financial covenants and determined that we were in compliance with such financial covenants. The Senior Credit Facilities are subject to certain mandatory prepayment requirements and provide for customary events of default.
On June 30, 2006, we entered into amendments to each of our Senior Term Facility and Senior ABL Facility. The amendments provide, among other things, for additional capacity under the covenants in these credit facilities to enter into certain sale and leaseback transactions, to pay dividends and, in the case of the amendment to the Senior Term Facility, to make investments. These amendments also had the effect of reducing the restrictions in the Senior Credit Facilities on Hertz's ability to provide cash to Hertz Holdings (whether in the form of a loan or a dividend) that would enable Hertz Holdings to service indebtedness that it may incur. The amendment to the Senior Term Facility also permits us to use proceeds of the unused portion of the $293.0 million delayed draw facility to repay borrowings outstanding under the Senior ABL Facility, in addition to repaying certain of our other outstanding indebtedness. As previously noted, on July 10, 2006, the remaining $208.1 million of the delayed draw facility was drawn down to pay down the equivalent amount of borrowings outstanding under the Senior ABL Facility.
On February 9, 2007, Hertz entered into an amendment to its Senior Term Facility. The amendment was entered into for the purpose of (i) lowering the interest rates payable on the Senior Term Facility by up to 50 basis points from the interest rates previously payable thereunder, and revising financial ratio requirements for specific interest rate levels; (ii) eliminating certain mandatory prepayment requirements; (iii) increasing the amounts of certain other types of indebtedness that Hertz and its subsidiaries may incur outside of the Senior Term Facility; (iv) permitting certain additional asset dispositions and sale and leaseback transactions; and (v) effecting certain technical and administrative changes to the Senior Term Facility. Additionally, in February 2007, we repaid a portion of the Senior Term Facility, bringing the maximum commitments thereunder down from $2,000 million to $1,400 million.
On February 15, 2007, Hertz, Hertz Equipment Rental Corporation and certain other subsidiaries entered into an amendment to their Senior ABL Facility. The amendment was entered into for the purpose of (i) lowering the interest rates payable on the Senior ABL Facility by up to 25 basis points from the interest rates previously payable thereunder, and revising financial ratio requirements for specific interest rate levels; (ii) increasing the availability under the Senior ABL Facility from $1,600 million to $1,800 million; (iii) extending the term of the commitments under the Senior ABL Facility to February 15, 2012; (iv) increasing the amounts of certain other types of indebtedness that the borrowers and their subsidiaries may incur outside of the Senior ABL Facility; (iv) permitting certain additional asset dispositions and sale and leaseback transactions; and (v) effecting certain technical and administrative changes to the Senior ABL Facility.
For further information regarding the Senior Credit Facilities, see "Description of Certain IndebtednessSenior Credit Facilities."
Senior Notes and Senior Subordinated Notes
In connection with the Acquisition, CCMG Acquisition Corporation issued the Senior Notes and the Senior Subordinated Notes under separate indentures between CCMG Acquisition Corporation and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as trustee. Hertz and the guarantors entered into supplemental indentures, dated as of the Closing Date, pursuant to which Hertz assumed the obligations of CCMG Acquisition Corporation under the Senior Notes, the Senior Subordinated Notes and the respective indentures, and the guarantors issued the related guarantees. CCMG Acquisition Corporation subsequently merged with and into Hertz, with Hertz as the surviving entity.
73
As of March 31, 2007, $2,100.6 million and $600.0 million in borrowings were outstanding under the Senior Notes and Senior Subordinated Notes, respectively. Prior to October 1, 2006, our Senior Euro Notes were not designated as a net investment hedge of our Euro-denominated net investments in our foreign operations. For the nine months ended September 30, 2006, we incurred unrealized exchange transaction losses of $19.2 million resulting from the translation of these Euro-denominated notes into the U.S. dollar, which are recorded in our consolidated statement of operations in "Selling, general and administrative" expenses. On October 1, 2006, we designated our Senior Euro Notes as an effective net investment hedge of our Euro-denominated net investment in our foreign operations. As a result of this net investment hedge designation, as of March 31, 2007, $9.2 million of losses, which is net of tax of $6.0 million, attributable to the translation of our Senior Euro Notes into the U.S. dollar, are recorded in our consolidated balance sheet in "Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)." The Senior Notes will mature on January 1, 2014, and the Senior Subordinated Notes will mature on January 1, 2016. The Senior Dollar Notes bear interest at a rate per annum of 8.875%, the Senior Euro Notes bear interest at a rate per annum of 7.875% and the Senior Subordinated Notes bear interest at a rate per annum of 10.5%. Hertz's obligations under the indentures are guaranteed by each of its direct and indirect domestic subsidiaries that is a guarantor under the Senior Credit Facilities.
Both the indenture for the Senior Notes and the indenture for the Senior Subordinated Notes contain covenants that, among other things, limit the ability of Hertz and its restricted subsidiaries, described in the respective indentures, to incur more debt, pay dividends, redeem stock or make other distributions, make investments, create liens, transfer or sell assets, merge or consolidate and enter into certain transactions with Hertz's affiliates. The indenture for the Senior Subordinated Notes also contains subordination provisions and limitations on the types of senior subordinated debt that may be incurred. The indentures also contain certain mandatory and optional prepayment or redemption provisions and provide for customary events of default. For further information regarding the Senior Notes and Senior Subordinated Notes, see "Description of Certain IndebtednessSenior Notes and Senior Subordinated Notes."
On January 12, 2007, Hertz completed exchange offers for the outstanding Senior Notes and Senior Subordinated Notes whereby over 99% of the outstanding notes were exchanged for a like principal amount of new notes with identical terms that were registered under the Securities Act of 1933 pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-4.
Fleet Financing
U.S. Fleet Debt. In connection with the Acquisition, Hertz Vehicle Financing LLC, or "HVF," a bankruptcy-remote special purpose entity wholly owned by Hertz, entered into an amended and restated base indenture, or the "ABS Indenture," dated as of the Closing Date, with BNY Midwest Trust Company as trustee, and a number of related supplements to the ABS Indenture, each dated as of the Closing Date, with BNY Midwest Trust Company as trustee and securities intermediary, or, collectively, the "ABS Supplement." On the Closing Date, HVF, as issuer, issued approximately $4,300.0 million of new medium term asset-backed notes consisting of 11 classes of notes in two series under the ABS Supplement. HVF also issued approximately $1,500.0 million of variable funding notes in two series, none of which were funded at closing. As of March 31, 2007, $4,299.9 million (net of a $0.1 million discount) and $145.0 million in aggregate borrowings were outstanding in the form of these medium term notes and variable funding notes, respectively.
Each class of notes matures three, four or five years from the Closing Date. The variable funding notes will be funded through the bank multi seller commercial paper market. The assets of HVF, including the U.S. car rental fleet owned by HVF and certain related assets, collateralize the U.S. Fleet Debt and Pre-Acquisition ABS Notes. Consequently, these assets will not be available to satisfy the claims of our general creditors.
74
In connection with the Acquisition and the issuance of $3,550.0 million of floating rate U.S. Fleet Debt, HVF and Hertz entered into seven interest rate swap agreements, or the "HVF Swaps," effective December 21, 2005, which qualify as cash flow hedging instruments in accordance with SFAS 133 "Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities." These agreements mature at various terms, in connection with the scheduled maturity of the associated debt obligations, through November 25, 2011. Under these agreements, HVF pays monthly interest at a fixed rate of 4.5% per annum in exchange for monthly amounts at one-month LIBOR, effectively transforming the floating rate U.S. Fleet Debt to fixed rate obligations. For the three months ended March 31, 2007, we recorded an expense of $12.8 million in our consolidated statement of operations, in "Interest, net of interest income," associated with the ineffectiveness of the HVF Swaps, as these swaps were entered into at off-market rates. HVF paid $44.8 million to reduce the fixed rate leg of the swap from prevailing market rates to 4.5%. As of March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the fair value of the HVF Swaps were $33.0 million and $50.6 million, respectively, which are reflected in our consolidated balance sheet in "Prepaid expenses and other assets."
HVF is subject to numerous restrictive covenants under the ABS Indenture and the other agreements governing the U.S. Fleet Debt, including restrictive covenants with respect to liens, indebtedness, benefit plans, mergers, disposition of assets, acquisition of assets, dividends, officers' compensation, investments, agreements, the types of business it may conduct and other customary covenants for a bankruptcy remote special purpose entity. The U.S. Fleet Debt is subject to events of default and amortization events that are customary in nature for U.S. rental car asset backed securitizations of this type. The occurrence of an amortization event or event of default could result in the acceleration of principal of the notes and a liquidation of the U.S. car rental fleet.
International Fleet Debt. In connection with the Acquisition, Hertz International, Ltd., or "HIL," a Delaware corporation organized as a foreign subsidiary holding company and a direct subsidiary of Hertz, and certain of its subsidiaries (all of which are organized outside the United States), together with certain bankruptcy-remote special purpose entities (whether organized as HIL's subsidiaries or as non-affiliated "orphan" companies), or "SPEs," entered into revolving bridge loan facilities providing commitments to lend, in various currencies, up to an aggregate foreign currency equivalent of approximately $3,205.3 million (calculated as of March 31, 2007), subject to borrowing bases comprised of rental vehicles and related assets of certain of HIL's subsidiaries (all of which are organized outside the United States) or one or more SPEs, as the case may be, and rental equipment and related assets of certain of HIL's subsidiaries organized outside North America or one or more SPEs, as the case may be. As of March 31, 2007, the foreign currency equivalent of $1,661.7 million in borrowings was outstanding under these facilities, net of a $2.8 million discount. These facilities are referred to collectively as the "International Fleet Debt Facilities."
The International Fleet Debt Facilities contain a number of covenants (including, without limitation, covenants customary for transactions similar to the International Fleet Debt Facilities) that, among other things, limit or restrict the ability of HIL, the borrowers and the other subsidiaries of HIL to dispose of assets, incur additional indebtedness, incur guarantee obligations, create liens, make investments, make acquisitions, engage in mergers, make negative pledges, change the nature of their business or engage in certain transactions with affiliates. In addition, HIL is restricted from making dividends and other restricted payments (which may include payments of intercompany indebtedness) in an amount greater than €100 million plus a specified excess cash flow amount calculated by reference to excess cash flow in earlier periods. Subject to certain exceptions, until the later of one year from the Closing Date and such time as 50% of the commitments under the International Fleet Debt Facilities as of the closing of the Acquisition have been replaced by permanent take-out international asset-based facilities, the specified excess cash flow amount will be zero. Thereafter, this specified excess cash flow amount will be between 50% and 100% of cumulative excess cash flow based on the percentage of the International Fleet Debt Facilities that have been replaced by permanent take-out international asset-
75
based facilities. As of March 31, 2007, the excess cash flow amount was zero. As a result of the contractual restrictions on HIL's ability to pay dividends to Hertz as of March 31, 2007, the restricted net assets of our consolidated subsidiaries exceeded 25% of our total consolidated net assets. For further information regarding the U.S. Fleet Debt Facilities and International Fleet Debt Facilities, see "Description of Certain IndebtednessABS Program."
The subsidiaries conducting the car rental business in certain European jurisdictions may, at their option, continue to engage in capital lease financings relating to revenue earning equipment outside the International Fleet Debt Facilities. As of March 31, 2007, there were $31.0 million of capital lease financings outstanding. These capital lease financings are included in the International Fleet Debt Facilities total.
In May 2006, in connection with the forecasted issuance of the permanent take-out international asset based facilities, HIL purchased two swaptions for €3.3 million, to protect itself from interest rate increases. These swaptions give HIL the right, but not the obligation, to enter into three year interest rate swaps, based on a total notional amount of €600 million at an interest rate of 4.155%. As of March 31, 2007, the fair value of the swaptions was €2.9 million (or $3.9 million), which is reflected in our consolidated balance sheet in "Prepaid expenses and other assets." During the three months ended March 31, 2007, the fair value adjustment related to these swaps was a loss of $0.3 million, which was recorded in our consolidated statement of operations in "Selling, general and administrative" expenses. The swaptions were renewed in 2007 prior to their scheduled expiration date of March 15, 2007 at a cost of €1.8 million, and now expire on September 5, 2007. See Note 16 to the notes to our audited annual consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
On March 21, 2007, certain amendments to the International Fleet Debt Facilities were entered into for the purpose of, among other things, extending the dates when margins on the affected facilities are scheduled to step up. See "Description of Certain IndebtednessAmendments to International Debt Facilities."
On April 4, 2007, our Brazilian subsidiary entered into an agreement amending and restating its credit facility to, among other things, increase the facility to R$130 million (or $63.1 million) consisting of an R$70 million (or $34.0 million) term loan facility and an R$60 million (or $29.1 million) revolving credit facility. Hertz has guaranteed the obligations of the Brazilian subsidiary under its loan agreement, as amended and restated as of April 4, 2007, up to an aggregate principal amount of $63.5 million. This guarantee is secured equally and ratably with borrowings under the Senior Term Facility. This facility will mature on December 21, 2010. As of March 31, 2007, indebtedness associated with our Brazilian subsidiary was included under the International Fleet Debt Facilities.
Fleet Financing Facility. On September 29, 2006, Hertz and Puerto Ricancars, Inc., a Puerto Rican corporation and wholly owned indirect subsidiary of Hertz, or "PR Cars," entered into a credit agreement to finance the acquisition of Hertz's and/or PR Cars' fleet in Hawaii, Kansas, Puerto Rico and St. Thomas, the U.S. Virgin Islands, or the "Fleet Financing Facility," with the several banks and other financial institutions from time to time party thereto as lenders, Gelco Corporation d.b.a. GE Fleet Services, or the "Fleet Financing Agent," as administrative agent, as collateral agent for collateral owned by Hertz and as collateral agent for collateral owned by PR Cars. Affiliates of Merrill Lynch & Co. are lenders under the Fleet Financing Facility.
The Fleet Financing Facility provides (subject to availability under a borrowing base) a revolving credit facility of up to $275.0 million to Hertz and PR Cars. On September 29, 2006, Hertz borrowed $124.0 million under this facility to refinance other debt. The borrowing base formula is subject to downward adjustment upon the occurrence of certain events and (in certain other instances) at the permitted discretion of the Fleet Financing Agent. As of March 31, 2007, Hertz and PR Cars had $156.0 million (net of a $2.0 million discount) and $17.0 million, respectively, of borrowings outstanding under the Fleet Financing Facility.
76
The Fleet Financing Facility will mature on December 21, 2011, but Hertz and PR Cars may terminate or reduce the commitments of the lenders thereunder at any time. The Fleet Financing Facility is subject to mandatory prepayment in the amount by which outstanding extensions of credit to Hertz or PR Cars exceed the lesser of the Hertz or PR Cars borrowing base, as applicable, and the commitments then in effect.
The obligations of each of the borrowers under the Fleet Financing Facility are guaranteed by each of Hertz's direct and indirect domestic subsidiaries (other than subsidiaries whose only material assets consist of securities and debt of foreign subsidiaries and related assets, subsidiaries involved in the ABS Program or other similar special purpose financings, subsidiaries with minority ownership positions, certain subsidiaries of foreign subsidiaries and certain immaterial subsidiaries). In addition, the obligations of PR Cars are guaranteed by Hertz. The obligations of Hertz under the Fleet Financing Facility and the other loan documents, including, without limitation, its guarantee of PR Cars' obligations under the Fleet Financing Facility, are secured by security interests in Hertz's rental car fleet in Hawaii and by certain assets related to Hertz's rental car fleet in Hawaii and Kansas, including, without limitation, manufacturer repurchase program agreements. PR Cars' obligations under the Fleet Financing Facility and the other loan documents are secured by security interests in PR Cars' rental car fleet in Puerto Rico and St. Thomas, U.S. Virgin Islands and by certain assets related thereto.
At the applicable borrower's election, the interest rates per annum applicable to the loans under the Fleet Financing Facility will be based on a fluctuating rate of interest measured by reference to either (1) LIBOR plus a borrowing margin of 125 basis points or (2) an alternate base rate of the prime rate plus a borrowing margin of 25 basis points. As of March 31, 2007, the average interest rate was 6.6% (LIBOR based).
The Fleet Financing Facility contains a number of covenants that, among other things, limit or restrict the ability of the borrowers and their subsidiaries to create liens, dispose of assets, engage in mergers, enter into agreements which restrict liens on the Fleet Financing Facility collateral or Hertz's rental car fleet in Kansas or change the nature of their business. See "Description of Certain IndebtednessHertz's and Puerto Rican Cars, Inc.'s Fleet Financing Facility."
During the fourth quarter of 2006, certain of the documents relating to the Fleet Financing Facility were amended to make certain technical and administrative changes.
Other International Facility. Hertz Belgium BVBA and Hertz Luxembourg SA are in the process of negotiating a four year secured lending facility. Pending the finalization of the facility documentation, a temporary €20.0 million (or $26.7 million) facility has been provided until June 30, 2007. The obligations of Hertz Belgium BVBA and Hertz Luxembourg SA under this facility are guaranteed by HIL. At March 31, 2007, Hertz Belgium BVBA had drawn €18.4 million (or $24.6 million) under this temporary facility.
Canadian Fleet Financing Facility. On May 30, 2007, our indirect subsidiary, Hertz Canada Limited, and certain of its subsidiaries, entered into a Note Purchase Agreement with CARE Trust, a special purpose commercial paper conduit administered by Bank of Montreal, and certain related agreements and transactions, in order to establish an asset-backed borrowing facility to provide financing for our Canadian rental car fleet. The new facility refinanced the Canadian portion of the International Fleet Debt Facilities. The maximum amount which may be borrowed under the new facility is CAN$400,000,000. The new facility has a term of five years. See "Description of Certain IndebtednessCanadian Fleet Financing Facility."
Hertz Holdings Loan Facility
On June 30, 2006, Hertz Holdings entered into the Hertz Holdings Loan Facility with Deutsche Bank, AG, New York Branch, Lehman Commercial Paper Inc., Merrill Lynch Capital Corporation,
77
Goldman Sachs Credit Partners L.P., JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A. and Morgan Stanley Senior Funding, Inc. or affiliates thereof, providing for a loan of $1.0 billion for the purpose of paying a special cash dividend to the holders of its common stock and paying fees and expenses related to the facility. The Hertz Holdings Loan Facility was repaid in full with the proceeds of our initial public offering, and the restrictive covenants contained therein were terminated.
Pre-Acquisition Financing
As of March 31, 2007, we had approximately $633.5 million (net of a $5.6 million discount) outstanding in pre-Acquisition promissory notes issued under three separate indentures at an average interest rate of 7.2%. These pre-Acquisition promissory notes have maturities ranging from 2007 to 2028.
As of March 31, 2007, we had approximately €7.6 million (or $10.2 million) outstanding in pre-Acquisition Euro-denominated medium term notes, in connection with which we entered into an interest rate swap agreement on December 21, 2005, effective January 16, 2006 and maturing on July 16, 2007. The purpose of this interest rate swap is to lock in the interest cash outflows at a fixed rate of 4.1% on the variable rate Euro-denominated medium term notes. Funds sufficient to repay all obligations associated with the remaining €7.6 million of Euro-denominated medium term notes at maturity have been placed in escrow for satisfaction of these obligations.
We also had outstanding as of March 31, 2007 approximately $415.1 million in borrowings, net of a $8.2 million discount, consisting of pre-Acquisition ABS Notes with an average interest rate of 3.1%. These pre-Acquisition ABS Notes have maturities ranging from 2007 to 2009. See "U.S. Fleet Debt" for a discussion of the collateralization of the pre-Acquisition ABS Notes.
Credit Facilities
As of March 31, 2007, the following credit facilities were available for the use of Hertz and its subsidiaries:
As of March 31, 2007, substantially all of our assets are pledged under one or more of the facilities noted above. We are currently in compliance with all of the covenants contained in the various facilities noted above that are currently applicable to us.
For further information regarding these credit facilities, see "Description of Certain Indebtedness."
78
Contractual Obligations
The following table details the contractual cash obligations for debt and related interest payable, operating leases and concession agreements and other purchase obligations as of December 31, 2006 (in millions of dollars):
|
|
Payments Due by Period |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Total |
2007 |
2008 to 2009 |
2010 to 2011 |
After 2011 |
||||||||||
Debt (1) | $ | 12,359.4 | $ | 2,543.2 | $ | 1,863.2 | $ | 3,045.0 | $ | 4,908.0 | |||||
Interest on debt (2) | 3,504.6 | 737.2 | 1,149.7 | 850.1 | 767.6 | ||||||||||
Operating leases and concession agreements (3) | 1,740.2 | 385.2 | 502.2 | 269.9 | 582.9 | ||||||||||
Purchase obligations (4) | 5,699.8 | 5,595.1 | 104.1 | 0.6 | | ||||||||||
Total | $ | 23,304.0 | $ | 9,260.7 | $ | 3,619.2 | $ | 4,165.6 | $ | 6,258.5 | |||||
Other Factors
Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets Following the Acquisition
We have recognized a significant amount of goodwill and other intangible assets in connection with the Acquisition. We perform an impairment analysis with respect to our goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets at least annually, or more frequently if changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the goodwill or other intangible assets may not be recoverable. If we identify an impairment in goodwill or other intangible assets we may be required to take a charge that could negatively impact our future earnings.
79
Foreign Currency
Provisions are not made for U.S. income taxes on undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries that are intended to be indefinitely reinvested outside the United States or are expected to be remitted free of taxes. Foreign operations have been financed to a substantial extent through loans from local lending sources in the currency of the countries in which such operations are conducted. Car rental operations in foreign countries are, from time to time, subject to governmental regulations imposing varying degrees of currency restrictions. Currency restrictions and other regulations historically have not had a material impact on our operations as a whole.
Capital Expenditures
The table below shows revenue earning equipment and property and equipment capital expenditures and related disposal proceeds received by quarter for 2007, 2006, 2005 and 2004 (in millions of dollars).
|
Revenue Earning Equipment |
Property and Equipment |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Capital Expenditures |
Disposal Proceeds |
Net Capital Expenditures (Proceeds) |
Capital Expenditures |
Disposal Proceeds |
Net Capital Expenditures |
||||||||||||
2007 | ||||||||||||||||||
Successor | ||||||||||||||||||
First Quarter | $ | 3,333.2 | $ | (2,243.2 | ) | $ | 1,090.0 | $ | 37.6 | $ | (9.4 | ) | $ | 28.2 | ||||
2006 |
||||||||||||||||||
Successor | ||||||||||||||||||
First Quarter | $ | 3,862.1 | $ | (2,591.3 | ) | $ | 1,270.8 | $ | 64.7 | $ | (19.8 | ) | $ | 44.9 | ||||
Second Quarter | 3,678.2 | (2,308.2 | ) | 1,370.0 | 65.9 | (8.7 | ) | 57.2 | ||||||||||
Third Quarter | 1,814.5 | (2,099.0 | ) | (284.5 | ) | 50.5 | (19.3 | ) | 31.2 | |||||||||
Fourth Quarter | 2,066.1 | (2,556.5 | ) | (490.4 | ) | 42.8 | (16.3 | ) | 26.5 | |||||||||
Total Year | $ | 11,420.9 | $ | (9,555.0 | ) | $ | 1,865.9 | $ | 223.9 | $ | (64.1 | ) | $ | 159.8 | ||||
2005 |
||||||||||||||||||
Predecessor | ||||||||||||||||||
First Quarter | $ | 3,600.2 | $ | (2,307.4 | ) | $ | 1,292.8 | $ | 81.3 | $ | (9.0 | ) | $ | 72.3 | ||||
Second Quarter | 4,040.4 | (2,304.3 | ) | 1,736.1 | 105.5 | (21.3 | ) | 84.2 | ||||||||||
Third Quarter | 2,377.5 | (2,579.5 | ) | (202.0 | ) | 92.9 | (19.0 | ) | 73.9 | |||||||||
Fourth Quarter (Oct. 1-Dec. 20, 2005) | 2,168.1 | (2,915.1 | ) | (747.0 | ) | 54.8 | (23.3 | ) | 31.5 | |||||||||
Successor | ||||||||||||||||||
Fourth Quarter (Dec. 21-Dec. 31, 2005) | 234.8 | (199.7 | ) | 35.1 | 8.5 | (1.2 | ) | 7.3 | ||||||||||
Total Year | $ | 12,421.0 | $ | (10,306.0 | ) | $ | 2,115.0 | $ | 343.0 | $ | (73.8 | ) | $ | 269.2 | ||||
2004 |
||||||||||||||||||
Predecessor | ||||||||||||||||||
First Quarter | $ | 2,916.1 | $ | (1,860.7 | ) | $ | 1,055.4 | $ | 61.2 | $ | (11.7 | ) | $ | 49.5 | ||||
Second Quarter | 3,804.1 | (1,921.2 | ) | 1,882.9 | 82.8 | (20.9 | ) | 61.9 | ||||||||||
Third Quarter | 2,179.0 | (2,321.8 | ) | (142.8 | ) | 74.6 | (19.4 | ) | 55.2 | |||||||||
Fourth Quarter | 2,410.9 | (2,637.2 | ) | (226.3 | ) | 67.8 | (7.3 | ) | 60.5 | |||||||||
Total Year | $ | 11,310.1 | $ | (8,740.9 | ) | $ | 2,569.2 | $ | 286.4 | $ | (59.3 | ) | $ | 227.1 | ||||
80
Revenue earning equipment expenditures in our car rental operations were $10,545.7 million, $11,493.9 million and $10,665.4 million for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Revenue earning equipment expenditures in our equipment rental operations were $875.2 million, $927.1 million and $644.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
Revenue earning equipment expenditures in our car rental operations were $3,224.1 million and $3,651.9 million for the quarters ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Revenue earning equipment expenditures in our equipment rental operations were $109.1 million and $210.2 million for the quarters ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.
Revenue earning equipment expenditures in our car rental and equipment rental operations for the year ended December 31, 2006 decreased by 8.2% and 5.6%, respectively, compared to the year ended December 31, 2005. The decrease in our car rental operations revenue earning equipment expenditures is due to the change in the mix of purchases made during the year ended December 31, 2006 as compared to the year ended December 31, 2005. Revenue earning equipment expenditures in our car rental and equipment rental operations for the year ended December 31, 2005 increased by 7.8% and 43.8%, respectively, compared to the year ended December 31, 2004. The increase in equipment rental operations revenue earning equipment expenditures is primarily the result of higher rental volume.
Revenue earning equipment expenditures in our car rental and equipment rental operations for the quarter ended March 31, 2007 decreased by 11.7% and 48.1%, respectively, compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2006. The decrease in our car rental operations revenue earning equipment expenditures is due to the change in the mix of purchases made during the quarter ended March 31, 2007 as compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2006. The decrease in our equipment rental operations revenue earning equipment expenditures is due to slowing non-residential construction growth during the quarter ended March 31, 2007 as compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2006.
Property and equipment expenditures in our car rental operations were $166.4 million, $271.1 million and $220.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Property and equipment expenditures in our equipment rental operations were $54.4 million $69.0 million and $63.1 million for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively. Property and equipment expenditures in our "corporate and other" activities were $3.1 million, $2.9 million and $3.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, respectively.
Property and equipment expenditures in our car rental operations were $29.1 million and $53.8 million for the quarters ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Property and equipment expenditures in our equipment rental operations were $8.2 million and $10.6 million for the quarters ended March 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Property and equipment expenditures in our "corporate and other" activities were $0.3 million for the quarters ended March 31, 2007 and 2006.
Property and equipment expenditures in our car rental, equipment rental and "corporate and other" operations for the year ended December 31, 2006 decreased by 38.6%, 21.2% and increased by 6.9%, respectively, compared to the year ended December 31, 2005. Property and equipment expenditures in our car rental, equipment rental and "corporate and other" operations for the year ended December 31, 2005 increased by 23.0%, 9.4% and decreased by 3.3%, respectively, compared to the year ended December 31, 2004.
Property and equipment expenditures in our car rental and equipment rental operations for the quarter ended March 31, 2007 decreased by 45.9% and 22.6%, respectively, and remained the same in "corporate and other" compared to the quarter ended March 31, 2006.
81
For the year ended December 31, 2006, we experienced a level of net expenditures for revenue earning equipment and property and equipment slightly lower than our net expenditures in 2005. This decrease was due to a decrease in the percentage of program cars purchased and an increase in the percentage of lower cost non-program cars purchased for the year ended December 31, 2006.
For the year ended December 31, 2005, we experienced a level of net expenditures for revenue earning equipment and property and equipment slightly lower than our net expenditures in 2004. The net capital expenditures decrease was due to increased disposals partly offset by increases in the prices of 2006 model year vehicles acquired beginning in the fourth quarter of 2005, together with capital expenditures relating to the expansion of our off-airport locations.
For the three months ended March 31, 2007, we experienced a level of net expenditures for revenue earning equipment and property and equipment lower than our net expenditures in the three months ended March 31, 2006. This decrease was due to a decrease in the percentage of program cars purchased and an increase in the percentage of lower cost non-program cars purchased for the three months ended March 31, 2007.
Off-Balance Sheet Commitments
As of March 31, 2007, December 31, 2006 and 2005, the following guarantees (including indemnification commitments) were issued and outstanding:
Indemnifications
In the ordinary course of business, we execute contracts involving indemnifications standard in the relevant industry and indemnifications specific to a transaction such as the sale of a business. These indemnifications might include claims relating to the following: environmental matters; intellectual property rights; governmental regulations and employment-related matters; customer, supplier and other commercial contractual relationships; and financial matters. Performance under these indemnities would generally be triggered by a breach of terms of the contract or by a third-party claim. We regularly evaluate the probability of having to incur costs associated with these indemnifications and have accrued for expected losses that are probable and estimable. The types of indemnifications for which payments are possible include the following:
Sponsors; Directors
On the Closing Date, Hertz entered into customary indemnification agreements with Hertz Holdings, the Sponsors and Hertz Holdings' stockholders affiliated with the Sponsors, pursuant to which Hertz Holdings and Hertz will indemnify the Sponsors, Hertz Holdings' stockholders affiliated with the Sponsors and their respective affiliates, directors, officers, partners, members, employees, agents, representatives and controlling persons, against certain liabilities arising out of performance of a consulting agreement with Hertz Holdings and each of the Sponsors and certain other claims and liabilities, including liabilities arising out of financing arrangements or securities offerings. We do not believe that these indemnifications are reasonably likely to have a material impact on us. We also entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors in connection with the initial public offering of our common stock in November 2006. See "Description of Capital StockLimitation of Liability of Directors; Indemnification of Directors."
Environmental
We have indemnified various parties for the costs associated with remediating numerous hazardous substance storage, recycling or disposal sites in many states and, in some instances, for natural resource damages. The amount of any such expenses or related natural resource damages for which we may be held responsible could be substantial. The probable losses that we expect to incur for such matters have
82
been accrued, and those losses are reflected in our consolidated financial statements. As of March 31, 2007, December 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005, the aggregate amounts accrued for environmental liabilities, including liability for environmental indemnities, reflected in our consolidated balance sheet in "Other accrued liabilities" were $3.5 million, $3.7 million and $3.9 million, respectively. The accrual generally represents the estimated cost to study potential environmental issues at sites deemed to require investigation or clean-up activities, and the estimated cost to implement remediation actions, including ongoing maintenance, as required. Cost estimates are developed by site. Initial cost estimates are based on historical experience at similar sites and are refined over time on the basis of in-depth studies of the sites. For many sites, the remediation costs and other damages for which we ultimately may be responsible cannot be reasonably estimated because of uncertainties with respect to factors such as our connection to the site, the materials there, the involvement of other potentially responsible parties, the application of laws and other standards or regulations, site conditions, and the nature and scope of investigations, studies, and remediation to be undertaken (including the technologies to be required and the extent, duration, and success of remediation).
Risk Management
For a discussion of additional risks arising from our operations, including vehicle liability, general liability and property damage insurable risks, see "BusinessRisk Management."
Market Risks
We are exposed to a variety of market risks, including the effects of changes in interest rates and foreign currency exchange rates. We manage our exposure to these market risks through our regular operating and financing activities and, when deemed appropriate, through the use of derivative financial instruments. Derivative financial instruments are viewed as risk management tools and historically have not been used for speculative or trading purposes. In addition, derivative financial instruments are entered into with a diversified group of major financial institutions in order to manage our exposure to counterparty nonperformance on such instruments. For more information on these exposures, see Note 13 to the notes to our audited annual consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Interest Rate Risk
From time to time, we enter into interest rate swap agreements to manage interest rate risk. Effective September 30, 2003, we entered into interest rate swap agreements relating to the issuance of our 4.7% notes due October 2, 2006. Effective June 3, 2004, we entered into interest rate swap agreements relating to the issuance of our 6.35% notes due June 15, 2010. Under these agreements, we paid interest at a variable rate in exchange for fixed rate receipts, effectively transforming these notes to floating rate obligations. As a result of the Acquisition, a significant portion of the underlying fixed rate debt was tendered, causing the interest rate swaps to be ineffective as of December 21, 2005. Consequently, any changes in the fair value of the derivatives were recognized in the statement of operations. Between December 21, 2005 (the date the hedge accounting was discontinued) and December 31, 2005, the fair value adjustment related to these interest rate swaps was a gain of $2.7 million, which was recorded in our consolidated statement of operations in "Selling, general and administrative" expenses. During January 2006, we assigned these interest rate swaps to a third party in return for cash. As a result of the assignment of these interest rate swaps, we recorded a gain of $1.0 million which is reflected in our audited annual consolidated statement of operations in "Selling, general and administrative" expenses.
In connection with the Acquisition and the issuance of the $3,550.0 million of floating rate U.S. Fleet Debt, HVF and Hertz entered into certain interest rate swap agreements, or the "HVF Swaps," effective December 21, 2005. These agreements mature at various terms, in connection with the
83
scheduled maturity of the associated debt obligations, through November 25, 2011. Under these agreements, HVF pays monthly interest at a fixed rate of 4.5% per annum in exchange for monthly amounts at one-month LIBOR, effectively transforming the floating rate U.S. Fleet Debt to fixed rate obligations.
In connection with the remaining €7.6 million untendered balance of our Euro Medium Term Notes, we entered into an interest rate swap agreement on December 21, 2005, effective January 16, 2006, and maturing on July 16, 2007. The purpose of this interest rate swap is to lock in the interest cash outflows at a fixed rate of 4.1% on the variable rate Euro Medium Term Notes.
In May 2006, in connection with the forecasted issuance of the permanent take-out international asset based facilities, HIL purchased two swaptions for €3.3 million, to protect itself from interest rate increases. These swaptions gave HIL the right, but not the obligation, to enter into three year interest rate swaps based on a total notional amount of €600 million at an interest rate of 4.155%. The swaptions were renewed in 2007 prior to their scheduled expiration date of March 15, 2007 and now expire on September 5, 2007.
See Note 7 to the notes to our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and Notes 3, 13 and 16 to the notes to our audited annual consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
We have a significant amount of debt (including under our U.S. and International Fleet Debt, the Senior ABL Facility and Senior Term Facility) with variable rates of interest based generally on LIBOR, EURIBOR or their equivalents for local currencies plus an applicable margin. Increases in interest rates could therefore significantly increase the associated interest payments that we are required to make on this debt.
We have assessed our exposure to changes in interest rates by analyzing the sensitivity to our earnings assuming various changes in market interest rates. Assuming a hypothetical increase of one percentage point in interest rates on our debt portfolio as of March 31, 2007, our net interest expense would increase by an estimated $8.2 million over a twelve-month period.
Consistent with the terms of the agreements governing the respective debt obligations, we may hedge a portion of the floating rate interest exposure under the Senior Credit Facilities and the U.S. and International Fleet Debt to provide protection in respect of such exposure.
Foreign Currency Risk
We manage our foreign currency risk primarily by incurring, to the extent practicable, operating and financing expenses in the local currency in the countries in which we operate, including making fleet and equipment purchases and borrowing for working capital needs. Also, we have purchased foreign exchange options to manage exposure to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates for selected marketing programs. The effect of exchange rate changes on these financial instruments would not materially affect our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Our risks with respect to currency option contracts are limited to the premium paid for the right to exercise the option and the future performance of the option's counterparty. Premiums paid for options outstanding as of March 31, 2007, were approximately $0.3 million and we limit counterparties to financial institutions that have strong credit ratings.
We also manage exposure to fluctuations in currency risk on intercompany loans we make to certain of our subsidiaries by entering into foreign currency forward contracts at the time of the loans. The forward rate is reflected in the intercompany loan rate to the subsidiaries, and as a result, the forward contracts have no material impact on our results of operations.
In connection with the Transactions, we issued €225 million of unhedged Senior Euro Notes. Prior to October 1, 2006, our Senior Euro Notes were not designated as a net investment hedge of our
84
Euro-denominated net investments in our foreign operations. For the quarter ended March 31, 2006, we incurred unrealized exchange transaction losses of $6.5 million resulting from the translation of these Euro-denominated notes into the U.S. dollar, which are recorded in our consolidated statement of operations in "Selling, general and administrative" expenses. On October 1, 2006, we designated our Senior Euro Notes as an effective net investment hedge of our Euro-denominated net investment in our foreign operations. As a result of this net investment hedge designation, as of March 31, 2007, $9.2 million of losses, which is net of tax of $6.0 million, attributable to the translation of our Senior Euro Notes into the U.S. dollar, are recorded in our condensed consolidated balance sheet in "Accumulated other comprehensive income."
Inflation
The increased acquisition cost of vehicles is the primary inflationary factor affecting us. Many of our other operating expenses are also expected to increase with inflation, including health care costs. Management does not expect that the effect of inflation on our overall operating costs will be greater for us than for our competitors.
Like-Kind Exchange Program
In January 2006, we implemented a like-kind exchange program for our U.S. car rental business. Pursuant to the program, we dispose of vehicles and acquire replacement vehicles in a form intended to allow such dispositions and replacements to qualify as tax-deferred "like-kind exchanges" pursuant to section 1031 of the Internal Revenue Code. The program has resulted in a material deferral of federal and state income taxes for fiscal 2006 and for the quarter ended March 31, 2007. A like-kind exchange program for HERC has been in place for several years. We cannot, however, offer assurance that the expected tax deferral will be achieved or that the relevant law concerning the programs will remain in its current form. In addition, the benefit of deferral is subject to recapture, if, for example, there were a material downsizing of our fleet.
Employee Retirement Benefits
Pension
We sponsor defined benefit pension plans worldwide. Pension obligations give rise to significant expenses that are dependent on assumptions discussed in Note 5 of the notes to our audited annual consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. Our 2006 worldwide pre-tax pension expense was approximately $35.6 million, which is a decrease of $1.9 million from 2005 primarily attributable to the elimination of the amortization of net loss component of 2006 net periodic pension cost because of the purchase accounting charges that were recognized in 2005. As of the Acquisition date, a liability was recorded for the projected benefit obligation in excess of plan assets, which eliminated any previously existing unrecognized net gain or loss, or unrecognized prior service cost. Based on present assumptions, 2007 worldwide pre-tax pension expense is expected to be approximately $42.2 million, which is an increase of $6.6 million from 2006. The increase in pension expense from 2006 is mainly due to settlement charges of $4.6 million recognized in the first quarter resulting from certain executive pension payments. To the extent that there are layoffs affecting a significant number of employees covered by any pension plan worldwide, 2007 expense could vary significantly because of further settlement charges.
The funded status (i.e., the dollar amount by which the present value of projected benefit obligations exceeded the market value of pension plan assets) of our U.S. qualified plan, in which most domestic employees participate, declined as of December 31, 2006, compared with December 31, 2005. The ratio of assets to the projected benefit obligation was consistent from December 31, 2005 to December 31, 2006. The primary reason for the decline in dollar terms is that no contributions were made in 2006.
85
We review our pension assumptions regularly and from time to time make contributions beyond those legally required. For example, no discretionary contributions were made to our U.S. qualified plan in the year ended December 31, 2006 and $28.0 million and $48.0 million in discretionary contributions were made to our U.S. qualified plan for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively. After giving effect to these contributions, based on current interest rates and on our return assumptions and assuming no additional contributions, we do not expect to be required to pay any variable-rate premiums to the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation before 2010. For the year ended December 31, 2006, we contributed $28.8 million to our worldwide pension plans, including a discretionary contribution of $15.6 million to our U.K. defined benefit pension plan and benefit payments made through unfunded plans. For the three months ended March 31, 2007, we contributed $12.2 million to our worldwide pension plans, including a discretionary contribution of $1.2 million to our U.K. defined benefit pension plan and benefit payments made through unfunded plans.
We participate in various "multiemployer" pension plans administrated by labor unions representing some of our employees. We make periodic contributions to these plans to allow them to meet their pension benefit obligations to their participants. In the event that we withdrew from participation in one of these plans, then applicable law could require us to make an additional lump-sum contribution to the plan, and we would have to reflect that as an expense in our consolidated statement of operations and as a liability on our condensed consolidated balance sheet. Our withdrawal liability for any multiemployer plan would depend on the extent of the plan's funding of vested benefits. We currently do not expect to incur any material withdrawal liability in the near future. However, in the ordinary course of our renegotiation of collective bargaining agreements with labor unions that maintain these plans, we could decide to discontinue participation in a plan, and in that event we could face a withdrawal liability. Some multiemployer plans, including one in which we participate, are reported to have significant underfunded liabilities. Such underfunding could increase the size of our potential withdrawal liability.
Other Postretirement Benefits
We provide limited postretirement health care and life insurance for employees of our domestic operations with hire dates prior to January 1, 1990. There are no plan assets associated with this plan. We provide for these postretirement costs through monthly accruals. The net periodic postretirement benefit cost for the year ended December 31, 2006 was $1.1 million and the accumulated benefit obligation as of December 31, 2006 was $16.6 million compared to a net periodic postretirement benefit cost of $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2005 and an accumulated benefit obligation of $18.2 million as of December 31, 2005. The decrease in the accumulated benefit obligation was primarily attributable to the increase in the discount rate from 5.5% as of December 31, 2005 to 5.7% as of December 31, 2006.
Hertz Holdings Stock Incentive Plan
On February 15, 2006, our Board of Directors and that of Hertz jointly approved the Hertz Global Holdings, Inc. Stock Incentive Plan, or the "Stock Incentive Plan." The Stock Incentive Plan provides for the sale of shares of stock of Hertz Holdings to our named executive officers, other key employees and directors as well as the grant of stock options to purchase shares of Hertz Holdings to those individuals.
During the second quarter of 2006, we made an equity offering to approximately 350 of Hertz's executives and key employees (not including Craig R. Koch, our former Chief Executive Officer). The shares sold and options granted to our employees in connection with this equity offering are subject to and governed by the terms of the Stock Incentive Plan. The offering closed on May 5, 2006. In connection with this offering, we sold 1,757,354 shares at a purchase price of $10.00 per share and granted options to purchase an additional 2,786,354 shares at an exercise price of $10.00 per share
86
($4.56 after adjustment for special cash dividends paid on June 30, 2006 and November 21, 2006). In addition, on May 18, 2006, we granted Hertz's key executives and employees (except for Mr. Koch) options to acquire an additional 9,515,000 shares of our common stock at $10.00 per share ($4.56 after adjustment for special cash dividends paid on June 30, 2006 and November 21, 2006), 800,000 shares at $15.00 per share ($9.56 after adjustment for special cash dividends paid on June 30, 2006 and November 21, 2006) and 800,000 shares at $20.00 per share ($14.56 after adjustment for special cash dividends paid on June 30, 2006 and November 21, 2006). These options are subject to and governed by the Stock Incentive Plan.
On June 12, 2006, Mr. Koch purchased 50,000 shares of the common stock of Hertz Holdings at a purchase price of $10.00 per share and received options to purchase an additional 100,000 shares at a purchase price of $10.00 per share ($5.68 after adjustment for the special cash dividend paid on June 30, 2006). On August 15, 2006, the options issued to Mr. Koch in June 2006 were cancelled and he was issued options to purchase 112,000 shares of common stock of Hertz Holdings at an exercise price of $7.68 per share ($6.56 after adjustment for the special cash dividend paid on November 21, 2006). Hertz Holdings made a payment to Mr. Koch in connection with his share purchase equal to $80,000.
On August 15, 2006, certain newly hired employees purchased an aggregate of 20,000 shares at a purchase price of $7.68 per share and were granted options to purchase 220,000 shares of Hertz Holdings stock at an exercise price of $7.68 per share ($6.56 after adjustment for the special cash dividend paid on November 21, 2006). Also on August 15, 2006, in accordance with the terms of his employment agreement, Mr. Frissora purchased 1,056,338 shares of the common stock of Hertz Holdings at a price of $5.68 per share and was granted options to purchase 800,000 shares of common stock of Hertz Holdings at an exercise price of $7.68 per share ($6.56 after adjustment for the special cash dividend paid on November 21, 2006), 400,000 options at an exercise price of $10.68 per share ($9.56 after adjustment for the special cash dividend paid on November 21, 2006) and 400,000 options at an exercise price of $15.68 per share ($14.56 after adjustment for the special cash dividend paid on November 21, 2006). All of Mr. Frissora's options will vest 20% per year on the first five anniversaries of the date of commencement of his employment and will have a ten year term.
During September 2006, we determined that the fair value of our common stock as of August 15, 2006 was $16.37 per share, rather than the $7.68 that had originally been determined at that time and which we use for purposes of the Stock Incentive Plan and federal income tax purposes. Consequently, we recognized compensation expense of approximately $13.0 million, including amounts for a tax gross up on the initial $2.00 discount to fair market value in accordance with Mr. Frissora's employment agreement, in the quarter ended September 30, 2006.
In order to assist management and the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors in their determination of the value of the common stock of Hertz Holdings, Hertz engaged an independent valuation specialist to perform a valuation of the common stock of Hertz Holdings at May 15, 2006 and June 30, 2006. The May 15th date is close to the initial stock purchase and option grant date of May 5, 2006 and the second option grant date of May 18, 2006. The June 30th date coincides with the payment of the special cash dividend of $4.32 per share.
The independent valuation specialist weighted each of the income, market transaction and market comparable valuation approaches equally. Management and the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors believe that the valuation approaches employed are appropriate for an enterprise such as Hertz Holdings, which has an established financial history of profitable operations and generation of positive cash flows. The results of the approaches were not significantly different from one another.
In connection with the authorization of the special cash dividend of $4.32 per share paid on June 30, 2006, the Board of Hertz Holdings authorized the modification of the option exercise prices downward by an amount equal to the per share amount of the special cash dividend paid on June 30,
87
2006, thereby preserving the intrinsic value of the options, consistent with applicable tax law. In order to assist management and the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors in their determination of the value of the common stock of Hertz Holdings, an independent valuation was performed as of immediately before and after the modification. We will recognize incremental compensation cost of approximately $14.1 million related to the cost of modifying the exercise prices of the stock options for the special cash dividend over the remainder of the five year requisite vesting period that began on the grant date.
Prior to the consummation of the initial public offering of the common stock of Hertz Holdings on November 21, 2006, Hertz Holdings declared a special cash dividend, to be paid promptly following the completion of the offering. In connection with the special cash dividend, Hertz Holdings' outstanding stock options were adjusted to preserve the intrinsic value of the options, consistent with applicable tax law and the terms of the Stock Incentive Plan. The Board approved this modification on October 12, 2006. Beginning on that date, the cost of the modification was recognized ratably over the remainder of the requisite service period for each grant. Because the modification was effective before the amount of the dividend was known, the cost of the modification reflected the assumption that the dividend would be funded by the proceeds to Hertz Holdings from the sale of the common stock after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. The assumed proceeds from the sale of the common stock were determined by assuming an offering price equivalent to the midpoint of the range set forth on the cover page of the initial public offering prospectus (or $17.00 per share) and resulted in an estimated dividend of $1.83 per share. The actual dividend declared was $1.12 per share. We will recognize incremental compensation cost of $14.2 million related to the cost of modifying the exercise prices of the stock options for the special cash dividend paid on November 21, 2006 over the remainder of the five-year requisite service period. This charge was based on the estimated dividend, rather than the actual dividend paid.
Share Purchase by Our Chief Executive Officer
On July 10, 2006, Mark P. Frissora accepted an offer of employment to serve as our Chief Executive Officer. On August 15, 2006, Mr. Frissora purchased 1,056,338 shares of our common stock at a price of $5.68 per share, which was $2.00 below the fair market value of $7.68 on that date. As discussed under "Critical Accounting Policies and EstimatesStock-Based Compensation," we subsequently determined that the fair value of our common stock as of August 15, 2006 should be $16.37 per share, rather than $7.68 as had originally been determined at that time. Consequently, we recognized compensation expense of approximately $13.0 million, including amounts for a tax gross-up on the initial $2.00 discount to fair market value in accordance with Mr. Frissora's employment agreement, in the third quarter of 2006.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, or "SFAS No. 157," "Fair Value Measurements," SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. The provisions of SFAS No. 157 are effective for the fiscal year beginning after November 15, 2007. We are currently reviewing SFAS No. 157 to determine its impact, if any, on our financial position or results of operations.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, or "SFAS No. 159," "The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities." SFAS 159 permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value. The provisions of SFAS 159 are effective as of January 1, 2008. We are currently reviewing SFAS 159 to determine its impact, if any, on our financial position or results of operations.
88
Our Company
We own what we believe is the largest worldwide general use car rental brand and one of the largest equipment rental businesses in the United States and Canada combined, both based on revenues. Our Hertz brand name is one of the most recognized in the world, signifying leadership in quality rental services and products. In our car rental business segment, we and our independent licensees and associates accept reservations for car rentals at approximately 7,700 locations in approximately 145 countries. We are the only car rental company that has an extensive network of company-operated rental locations both in the United States and in all major European markets. We maintain the leading airport car rental brand market share, by overall reported revenues, in the United States and at the 69 major airports in Europe where we have company-operated locations and data regarding car rental concessionaire activity is available. We believe that we also maintain the second largest market share, by revenues, in the off-airport car rental market in the United States. In our equipment rental business segment, we rent equipment through approximately 360 branches in the United States, Canada, France and Spain, as well as through our international licensees. We and our predecessors have been in the car rental business since 1918 and in the equipment rental business since 1965. We have a diversified revenue base and a highly variable cost structure and are able to dynamically manage fleet capacity, the most significant determinant of our costs. This has helped us to earn a pre-tax profit in each year since our incorporation in 1967. Our revenues have grown at a compound annual growth rate of 7.7% over the last 20 years, with year-over-year growth in 18 of those 20 years.
Corporate History
Hertz Holdings was incorporated by the Sponsors in Delaware in 2005 to serve as the top-level holding company for the consolidated Hertz business. Hertz was incorporated in Delaware in 1967. Hertz is a successor to corporations that have been engaged in the car and truck rental and leasing business since 1918 and the equipment rental business since 1965. Ford acquired an ownership interest in Hertz in 1987. Prior to this, Hertz was a subsidiary of UAL Corporation (formerly Allegis Corporation), which acquired Hertz's outstanding capital stock from RCA Corporation in 1985.
On December 21, 2005, investment funds associated with or designated by the Sponsors, through an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Hertz Holdings, acquired all of Hertz's common stock from Ford Holdings in the Acquisition. In connection with the Acquisition, Hertz entered into a series of financing and refinancing transactions. For a description of the Transactions, see "Corporate HistoryThe Transactions."
In November 2006, we completed the initial public offering of our common stock at a per share price of $15.00, with proceeds to us, before underwriting discounts and offering expenses, of approximately $1.3 billion.
Our Strengths
Premier Global Brand and Service Offerings
We believe that our premier brand and service offerings have allowed us to create and maintain a loyal customer base and command premium pricing across our businesses.
Car Rental. The Hertz brand is one of the most recognized brands in the world. It has been the only travel company brand to be listed in Business Week's "100 Most Valuable Global Brands," and has
89
been included in this list during each year that it was eligible for inclusion in the study since the study's inception in 2001. We understand that this study is limited to companies with public equity and their subsidiaries, and as a result, Hertz was not eligible for inclusion in 2006. Our customer surveys indicate that, in the United States, Hertz is the car rental brand most associated with the highest quality service, which is consistent with numerous published best-in-class car rental awards that we have won over many years. We have sought to support our reputation for quality and customer service in car rental through a variety of innovative service offerings, such as our global expedited rental program, Hertz #1 Club Gold, which accounted for approximately 41% of our car rental transactions worldwide for the twelve months ended March 31, 2007.
Equipment Rental. HERC, which is operated under the Hertz Equipment Rental brand, has long been a leader in equipment rental in the United States. We believe HERC was the first equipment rental company to develop an extensive national account program, which continues to be the source of substantial revenues. HERC's leadership position has recently been enhanced through a substantial investment in sales force automation and the operation of a high quality and diverse fleet. From January 1, 2004 through March 31, 2007, we invested $1.5 billion, net of dispositions, in HERC's U.S. fleet, thereby reducing its average age to 27 months as of March 31, 2007, which we believe is one of the youngest fleets in the industry.
Clear and Sustained Market Leadership Position in Car Rental
We believe that Hertz is the leading worldwide general use car rental system, based on revenues. In the United States, we maintain the overall leading market share of airport car rentals among both business and leisure customers. Based on reported industry revenues for the year ended December 31, 2006, our market share at the approximately 190 largest U.S. airports where we operate was over 28%, and we had a margin of approximately nine percentage points over the closest competing brand. We have maintained a leadership position for more than 30 years. We also believe that we had the largest airport car rental brand market share, by reported revenues on a collective basis in 2006, at the 69 major airports in Europe where we have company-operated locations and data regarding car rental concessionaire activity was available.
Global, Diversified Business Mix
We believe that our mix of businesses, customer types, end-markets, distribution channels and geographies provides us with a diverse revenue stream that positions us to capitalize on growth opportunities throughout our markets and makes us less vulnerable to economic cycles and events that might negatively affect either of our industries or any specific geography. Within our car rental business, we maintain a relatively balanced mix of leisure and business rentals (representing 53% and 47%, respectively, of our car rental revenues for the year ended December 31, 2006 and 50% and 50%, respectively, of our car rental revenues for the three months ended March 31, 2007), and utilize a broad range of distribution channels and partnerships. Within our equipment rental business, we serve a wide variety of industries and have a broad mix of end customers from local contractors to large national industrial accounts. During the year ended December 31, 2006, no single customer or location generated more than 1.3% or 1.8%, respectively, of our total revenues.
Affiliated Customer Strategy Drives Premium Pricing and Customer Loyalty
Over 80% of our car rental revenues are derived from affiliated customer channels, such as corporate accounts, associations, travel industry partnerships and insurance companies. We believe that we are one of only two car rental brands that have the service offerings and market presence to consistently serve these affiliated customer channels on a global basis. Our corporate accounts, which
90
account for approximately 40% of our total car rental revenues, represent a predictable source of revenues and a customer base that values our premium customer service. We have a leading position with this type of customer and provide our car rental services to most Fortune 500 companies. Our distribution partnerships include over 60 airlines, railroads and hotel chains worldwide, as well as leading traditional and online travel agencies and affiliations with non-travel organizations and associations.
Best-in-Class Fleet and Fleet Management
Car Rental. Our worldwide car rental fleet includes cars from over 30 manufacturers, and we believe our U.S. fleet mix is significantly more diversified than those of most of our major competitors. In the twelve months ended March 31, 2007, six manufacturers each supplied more than 5% of our U.S. fleet, while eight manufacturers each supplied more than 5% of our international fleet. We have longstanding relationships with leading American, European, Japanese and Korean automakers, enabling us to provide a wide variety of car models and brands to our customers. The diversity of our car fleet enables us to design innovative rental offerings, such as the Prestige, Fun and Green Collections, that help us maintain a competitive advantage over our competitors. In addition, we have substantial experience in the complex process of managing the mix of cars in our fleet. We maintain an extensive infrastructure that supports the efficient disposition of risk cars and enables us to be opportunistic when evaluating the relative merits of purchasing program and risk cars.
Equipment Rental. We believe that our U.S. equipment rental fleet is one of the youngest in the industry, offering a value proposition to our customers in terms of productivity, safety and operator use enhancements while simultaneously reducing HERC's maintenance costs and fleet downtime. Our diverse U.S. equipment rental fleet enables us to meet the rental equipment needs of many customers; moreover, we are further diversifying our fleet through the addition of general rental and specialty equipment at many locations. Our over 40 years of experience in the procurement and disposition of equipment allows us to adjust our fleet size efficiently in light of market trends.
Proprietary Strategic Information Systems
We utilize information technology comprehensively in the areas of reservations, fleet and rate management, customer relations and sales and marketing, as well as aspects of billing, finance, accounting and other reporting systems. Since January 1, 2001, we have invested more than $380 million in our proprietary information systems and computer equipment to permit us to conduct our business more efficiently and enhance our ability to offer innovative services. Our information systems, which we believe are unique in the car and equipment rental industries, permit us to provide superior end-to-end service to customers, maintain effective pricing structures in a rapidly changing environment, utilize our fleets efficiently and maintain a high level of control over our geographically dispersed operations.
Our Strategy
Further Enhance Our Premier Car Rental Brand, Differentiated Service Offering and Affiliated Customer Base
The Hertz brand is recognized for superior customer service and a differentiated, premium product. We intend to maintain our position as a premier company through an intense focus on service, quality and product innovation. We believe that consistent investments in our core business activities, particularly in the areas of brand, facilities, technology, training and customer loyalty initiatives, will improve customer satisfaction and further enhance our premium brand position and product offerings.
91
Continuing to strengthen these attributes will allow us to build our affiliated customer base and increase our share of profitable business.
Pursue Profitable Growth within Our Car Rental Business
We believe that we have significant opportunities for growth within our global car rental business that will allow us to sustain growth rates in this business consistent with historical levels.
U.S. Airport Market. We intend to maintain or expand our leading brand market share in the U.S. airport rental business and to continue to build upon our brand positioning and service differentiation, allowing us to capitalize on opportunities in the business and leisure travel markets and further strengthen the advantages arising from our leading market share position.
U.S. Off-Airport Market Opportunities. We intend to leverage our significant recent investment in our U.S. off-airport network and to expand the network to enable us to further penetrate the large and growing insurance replacement rental market, as well as to increase our share of other off-airport business and leisure rentals. In the three years ended December 31, 2006, we increased the number of our off-airport rental locations in the United States by approximately 32% to approximately 1,380 locations. Through this investment, we believe we have achieved critical scale in the off-airport market and will continue to grow our revenue by increasing penetration in the insurance rental replacement market through new and existing insurance company customers as well as with our traditional business and leisure customers as evidenced by our off-airport revenue growth of approximately 27% over the three years ended December 31, 2006. We believe our off-airport platform has significant future growth potential.
European Markets. We believe that the European market presents airport rental growth opportunities resulting from the growth of European air travel due in large part to the presence of high volume, low cost air carriers and increasing use of the Internet throughout the continent. We intend to continue to build on our affiliated relationships with travel providers and other associations in Europe to increase our penetration of the European market. We also intend to increase our participation in the off-airport portion of the car rental market in Europe, especially in leisure, replacement and light trucks.
Increase Share of the Fragmented U.S. and International Equipment Rental Markets
We believe that our emphasis on customer service, large national account base, prominent brand name and diverse and comparatively young rental fleet will position HERC to continue to gain market share in the highly fragmented U.S. equipment rental market. HERC is pursuing this growth through an expansion in a number of mid- to large-sized metropolitan areas, many of which will be in markets with high growth potential for HERC and adjacent to current operations, which will allow us to leverage existing infrastructure and customer relationships. We also plan to further increase our presence in the U.S. general rental, industrial and specialty equipment markets, many of which can be served from HERC's existing locations and provide incremental opportunities to increase revenues, margins and return on investment. Internationally, we plan to enhance our product offerings in countries where we currently operate and to expand into additional countries with good growth potential, either through acquisitions or new branch openings.
Further Improve Profitability, Cash Flow and Return on Capital
We believe that there are opportunities to further increase the productivity of our operations, thereby improving our profit margins and capital efficiency, as the profit margins that we have achieved
92
in our car rental business during the twelve months ended March 31, 2007 are below our peak levels of profitability achieved in 2000. We have announced cost savings initiatives that have been or will be implemented in the first half of 2007, which include headcount reductions, that are expected to yield up to approximately $165 million in annualized savings. We believe there are further cost savings opportunities available to us through process improvements, business process outsourcing and other reductions in operating costs, and we expect to announce further updates to our plan for implementing these cost savings initiatives over the course of 2007. We also believe that we can improve our profitability by leveraging the investments we have made in building our off-airport business, in upgrading our airport facilities, and through the use of our enhanced information systems to optimize our pricing, yield management and fleet utilization generally. In addition, we believe, based on our current business plans, capital structure, and the like-kind exchange programs implemented in connection with our car rental and equipment rental fleets, we will not be required to pay material U.S. federal income taxes through 2010.
Pursue Growth Through Opportunistic Acquisitions
From time to time, we may pursue profitable growth of our global car and equipment rental businesses through opportunistic acquisitions, some of which may be significant. We may also seek to grow by acquiring businesses that complement our existing businesses. We believe our industry expertise, demonstrated ability to reduce costs and scale will enable us to improve the performance of businesses that we may acquire.
Our Markets
We operate in the global car rental industry and in the equipment rental industry, primarily in the United States.
Worldwide Car Rental
We believe that the global car rental industry exceeds $30 billion in annual revenues. According to a 2007 report appearing in Auto Rental News, car rental revenues in the United States totaled approximately $20 billion in 2006 and have grown at a 5.0% compound annual growth rate since 1990, including 6.2% growth in 2006. According to Euromonitor International, car rental revenues in Western Europe account for over $12.5 billion in annual revenues, with the airport portion of the industry comprising approximately 40% of the total. Within Europe, the largest markets are Germany, the United Kingdom and France. Based on data from Euromonitor International, we believe total rental revenues for the car rental industry in Europe in 2005 were over $10.5 billion in the nine countriesFrance, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, Spain, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium and Luxembourgwhere we have company-operated rental locations and over $2 billion in eight other countriesGreece, Ireland, Portugal, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Austria and Finlandwhere our brand is present through our licensees.
We estimate that airport rentals account for approximately one-half of the total market in the United States. This portion of the market is significantly influenced by developments in the travel industry and particularly in airline passenger traffic, or enplanements. According to the FAA, enplanements in the United States only completed their recovery and surpassed their pre-2001 levels in 2005. The FAA projected in the first half of 2006 that domestic enplanements will grow at an average annual rate of 3.2% from 2006 to 2017, consistent with long-term historical trends. The IATA projected in September 2006 that annual international enplanements would grow at a compound annual rate of 4.8% from 2006 to 2010.
93
The off-airport part of the industry has rental volume primarily driven by local business use, leisure travel and the replacement of cars being repaired. Because Europe has generally demonstrated a lower historical reliance on air travel, the European off-airport car rental market is significantly more developed than it is in the United States. However, we believe that in recent years, industry revenues from off-airport car rentals in the United States have grown faster than revenues from airport rentals.
Equipment Rental
We estimate the size of the U.S. equipment rental industry, which is highly fragmented with few national competitors and many regional and local operators, to be approximately $38 billion in annual revenues for 2007, but the part of the rental industry dealing with equipment of the type HERC rents is somewhat smaller than that. We believe that the industry grew at a 10.4% compound annual growth rate between 1991 and 2006. Other market data indicates that the equipment rental industries in France and Spain generate roughly $4 billion and $2 billion in annual revenues, respectively, although the portions of those markets in which HERC competes are smaller.
The equipment rental industry serves a broad range of customers from small local contractors to large industrial national accounts and encompasses a wide range of rental equipment from small tools to heavy earthmoving equipment. The industry is undergoing a strong recovery following the industrial recession and downturn in non-residential construction spending between 2001 and 2003. According to data from F.W. Dodge received in the second quarter of 2007, U.S. non-residential construction spending grew at an annual rate of 17% in 2006 and is projected to grow at an annual rate of 4% in 2007. We also believe, based on an article in Rental Equipment Register published on February 1, 2006, that rental equipment accounted for approximately 30% to 40% of all equipment sold into the U.S. construction industry in 2005, up from approximately 5% to 10% in 1991. In addition, we believe that the trend toward rental instead of ownership of equipment in the U.S. construction industry will continue and that as much as 50% of the equipment used in the industry could be rental equipment within the next ten years.
Our Business Segments
Our business consists of two segments, car rental and equipment rental. In addition, "corporate and other" includes general corporate expenses, as well as other business activities, such as third-party claim management services.
Car Rental: Our "company-operated" rental locations are those through which we, or an agent of ours, rent cars that we own or lease. We maintain a substantial network of company-operated car rental locations both in the United States and internationally, and what we believe to be the largest number of company-operated airport car rental locations in the world, enabling us to provide consistent quality and service worldwide. For the year ended December 31, 2006, we derived approximately 72% of our worldwide car rental revenues from airport locations. Our licensees and associates also operate rental locations in over 140 countries and jurisdictions, including most of the countries in which we have company-operated rental locations.
Equipment Rental: On the basis of total revenues, we believe HERC is the second largest equipment rental company in the United States and Canada combined and one of the largest equipment rental companies in France and Spain. HERC rents a broad range of earthmoving equipment, material handling equipment, aerial and electrical equipment, air compressors, generators, pumps, small tools, compaction equipment and construction-related trucks. HERC also derives revenues from the sale of new equipment and consumables.
94
Set forth below are charts showing revenues and operating income (loss), by segment, and revenues by geographic area, all for the year ended December 31, 2006 and revenue earning equipment at net book value, as of March 31, 2007 (the majority of our international operations are in Europe). See Note 10 to the notes to our audited annual consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
Revenues by Segment for Year Ended December 31, 2006(1) $8.1 billion |
Operating Income by Segment for Year Ended December 31, 2006(2) $1.2 billion |
|
Revenues by Geographic Area for Year Ended December 31, 2006 $8.1 billion |
Revenues Earning Equipment, net book value as of March 31, 2007 $10.5 billion |
|
For further information on our business segments, including financial information for the three months ended March 31, 2007, the year ended December 31, 2006, the Successor period ended December 31, 2005, the Predecessor period ended December 20, 2005 and the year ended December 31, 2004, see Note 9 to the notes to our unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements and Note 10 to the notes to our audited annual consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
95
Operations
We rent a wide variety of makes and models of cars, nearly all of which are the current or previous year's models. We generally accept reservations only for a class of vehicles, although we accept reservations for specific makes and models of vehicles in our Prestige Collection luxury rental program, our Fun Collection experiential rental program, our Green Collection environmentally friendly rental program and a limited number of models in high-volume, leisure-oriented destinations. We rent cars on a daily, weekend, weekly, monthly or multi-month basis, with rental charges computed on a limited or unlimited mileage rate, or on a time rate plus a mileage charge. Our rates vary at different locations depending on local market conditions and other competitive and cost factors. While cars are usually returned to the locations from which they are rented, we also allow one-way rentals from and to certain locations. In addition to car rentals and licensee fees, we generate revenues from reimbursements by customers of airport concession fees and vehicle licensing costs, fueling charges, and charges for ancillary customer products and services such as supplemental equipment (child seats and ski racks), loss or collision damage waiver, theft protection, liability and personal accident/effects insurance coverage, Hertz NeverLost navigation systems and satellite radio services.
We have company-operated rental locations both in the United States and internationally. The international car rental operations that generated the highest volumes of business from our company-operated locations for the three months ended March 31, 2007 were, in descending order of revenues, those conducted in France, Germany, Australia, the United Kingdom, Italy, Spain and Canada. We also have company-operated rental locations in the Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Puerto Rico, Brazil and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
As of March 31, 2007, we had approximately 1,700 staffed rental locations in the United States, of which approximately one-third were airport locations and two-thirds were off-airport locations, and we regularly rent cars from over 1,000 other locations that are not staffed. As of March 31, 2007, we had approximately 1,100 staffed rental locations internationally, of which approximately one-fifth were airport locations and four-fifths were off-airport locations, and we regularly rent cars from approximately 70 other locations that are not staffed. We believe that our extensive U.S. and international network of company-operated locations contributes to the consistency of our service, cost control, fleet utilization, yield management, competitive pricing and ability to offer one-way rentals.
In order to operate airport rental locations, we have obtained concessions or similar leasing, licensing or permitting agreements or arrangements, or "concessions," granting us the right to conduct a car rental business at all major, and many other, airports with regularly scheduled passenger service in each country where we have company-operated rental locations, except for airports where our licensees operate rental locations and Orlando International Airport in Orlando, Florida. Our concessions were obtained from the airports' operators, which are typically governmental bodies or authorities, following either negotiation or bidding for the right to operate a car rental business there. The terms of an airport concession typically require us to pay the airport's operator concession fees based upon a specified percentage of the revenues we generate at the airport, subject to a minimum annual guarantee. Under most concessions, we must also pay fixed rent for terminal counters or other leased properties and facilities. Most concessions are for a fixed length of time, while others create operating rights and payment obligations that are terminable at any time.
The terms of our concessions typically do not forbid, and in a few instances actually require, us to seek reimbursement from customers of concession fees we pay; however, in certain jurisdictions the law limits or forbids our doing so. Where we are required or permitted to seek such reimbursement, it is our general practice to do so. The number of car rental concessions available at airports varies considerably, but, except at small, regional airports, it is rarely less than four. At Orlando International Airport, where we do not have a car rental concession, we operate an airport rental location at a
96
facility located near the airport's premises and pick up and drop off our customers at the airport under a permit from the airport's operator. Certain of our concession agreements require the consent of the airport's operator in connection with changes in ownership of us. We sought those consents that were required in connection with our initial public offering of our common stock, except where not obtaining them would not, in our view, have had a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position or results of operations. See "Risk FactorsRisks Related to Our BusinessWe face risks related to changes in our ownership."
The Hertz brand is one of the most recognized brands in the world. It has been listed in Business Week's "100 Most Valuable Global Brands" in 2005 and every year that it was eligible for inclusion in the study since the study's inception in 2001. We understand that this study is limited to companies with public equity and their subsidiaries, and as a result, Hertz was not eligible for inclusion in 2006. The Hertz brand has been the only travel company brand to appear in the study. Moreover, our customer surveys indicate that in the United States, Hertz is the car rental brand most associated with the highest quality service. This is consistent with numerous published best-in class car rental awards that we have won, both in the United States and internationally, over many years. We have sought to support our reputation for quality and customer service in car rental through a variety of innovative service offerings, such as our customer loyalty program (Hertz #1 Club), our global expedited rental program (Hertz #1 Club Gold), our one-way rental program (Rent-it-Here/Leave-it-There), our national-scale luxury rental program (Prestige Collection), our national-scale experiential rental program (Hertz Fun Collection), our environmentally friendly rental program (Green Collection) and our in-car navigational services (Hertz NeverLost). We intend to maintain our position as a premier company through an intense focus on service, quality and product innovation.
In the United States, the Hertz brand had the highest market share, by revenues, in 2005 and 2006 at the approximately 190 largest airports where we operated. Out of the approximately 160 major European airports at which we have company-operated rental locations, data regarding car rental concessionaire activity for the year ended December 31, 2006 was available at 69 of these airports. Based upon this data, we believe that we were the largest airport car rental brand, measured by aggregate airport rental revenues during that period, at those 69 airports taken together. In the United States, we intend to maintain or expand our market share in the airport rental business. For a further description of our competitors, market share and competitive position see "Competition" below.
At our major airport rental locations, as well as at some smaller airport and off-airport locations, customers participating in our Hertz #1 Club Gold program are able to rent vehicles in an expedited manner. In the United States, participants in Hertz #1 Club Gold often bypass the rental counter entirely and proceed directly to their vehicles upon arrival at our facility. For the twelve months ended March 31, 2007, rentals by Hertz #1 Club Gold members accounted for approximately 41% of our worldwide rental transactions. We believe the Hertz #1 Club Gold program provides a significant competitive advantage to us, particularly among frequent travelers, and we have, through travel industry relationships, targeted such travelers for participation in the program.
In addition to our airport locations, we operate off-airport locations offering car rental services to a variety of customers. Our off-airport rental customers include people wishing to rent cars closer to home for business or leisure purposes, as well as those needing to travel to or from airports. Our off-airport customers also include people who have been referred by, or whose rental costs are being wholly or partially reimbursed by, insurance companies following accidents in which their cars were damaged, those expecting to lease cars that are not yet available from their leasing companies and those needing cars while theirs are being repaired or are temporarily unavailable for other reasons; we call these customers "replacement renters." At many of our off-airport locations we will provide pick-up and delivery services in connection with rentals.
97
When compared to our airport rental locations, an off-airport rental location typically services more types of customers, uses smaller rental facilities with fewer employees, conducts pick-up and delivery services and deals with replacement renters using specialized systems and processes. In addition, on average, off-airport locations generate fewer transactions per period than airport locations. At the same time, though, our airport and off-airport rental locations employ common car fleets, are supervised by common country, regional and local area management, use many common systems and rely on common maintenance and administrative centers. Moreover, airport and off-airport locations, outside the area of replacement rentals, are supported by a common commercial sales force, benefit from many common marketing activities and have many of the same customers. As a consequence, we regard both types of locations as aspects of a single, unitary, car rental business.
We believe that the off-airport portion of the car rental market offers opportunities for us on several levels. First, presence in the off-airport market can provide customers a more convenient and geographically extensive network of rental locations, thereby creating revenue opportunities from replacement renters, non-airline travel renters and airline travelers with local rental needs. Second, it can give us a more balanced revenue mix by reducing our reliance on airport travel and therefore limiting our risk exposure to external events that may disrupt airline travel trends. Third, it can produce higher fleet utilization as a result of the longer average rental periods associated with off-airport business, compared to those of airport rentals. Fourth, replacement rental volume is far less seasonal than that of other business and leisure rentals, which permits efficiencies in both fleet and labor planning. Finally, cross-selling opportunities exist for us to promote off-airport rentals among frequent airport Hertz #1 Club renters and, conversely, to promote airport rentals to off-airport renters. In view of those benefits, along with our belief that our market share for off-airport rentals is generally smaller than our market share for airport rentals, we intend to seek profitable growth in the off-airport rental market, both in the United States and internationally.
In the three years ended December 31, 2006, we increased the number of our off-airport rental locations in the United States by approximately 32% to approximately 1,380 locations. In 2007 and subsequent years, our strategy may include selected openings of new off-airport locations, the disciplined evaluation of existing locations and pursuit of same-store sales growth. We anticipate that same-store sales growth would be driven by our traditional leisure and business traveler customers and by increasing penetration of the insurance replacement market, of which we currently have a low market share. In the United States during the year ended December 31, 2006, approximately one-third of our rental revenues at off-airport locations were related to insurance replacement rentals. We believe that if we successfully pursue our strategy of profitable off-airport growth, the proportion of replacement rental revenues will increase. As we move forward, our determination of whether to expand our U.S. off-airport network will be based upon a combination of factors, including the concentration of target insurance company policy holders, car dealerships, auto body shops and other clusters of retail, commercial activity and potential profitability. We also intend to increase the number of our staffed off-airport rental locations internationally on the basis of similar criteria.
In addition to renting cars, in Germany we also rent trucks of eight tons and over, including truck tractors. This truck rental fleet consists of approximately 3,400 vehicles, which have either been acquired under repurchase programs similar to those under which we purchase program cars or are under operating leases. We believe we are a market leader in heavy truck rental in Germany. Also, we are engaged in a car leasing business in Brazil. Our truck rental activities in Germany and our car leasing activities in Brazil are treated as part of our international car rental business in our consolidated financial statements.
Our worldwide car rental operations generated $1,529.7 million in revenues, $16.8 million in loss before income taxes and minority interest and $36.9 million in adjusted pre-tax income during the three months ended March 31, 2007, and $6,378.0 million in revenues and $373.5 million in income before income taxes and minority interest during the year ended December 31, 2006.
98
Customers and Business Mix
We categorize our car rental business based on two primary criteriathe purpose for which customers rent from us (business or leisure) and the type of location from which they rent (airport or off-airport). The table below sets forth, for the three months ended March 31, 2007 and the year ended December 31, 2006, the percentages of rental revenues and rental transactions in our U.S. and international operations derived from business and leisure rentals and from airport and off-airport rentals.
|
Three Months Ended March 31, 2007 |
Year Ended December 31, 2006 |
||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
U.S. |
International |
U.S. |
International |
||||||||||||||
|
Revenues |
Transactions |
Revenues |
Transactions |
Revenues |
Transactions |
Revenues |
Transactions |
||||||||||
Type of Car Rental | ||||||||||||||||||
By Customer: | ||||||||||||||||||
Business | 48 | % | 52 | % | 54 | % | 55 | % | 47 | % | 51 | % | 48 | % | 52 | % | ||
Leisure | 52 | 48 | 46 | 45 | 53 | 49 | 52 | 48 | ||||||||||
100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||
By Location: | ||||||||||||||||||
Airport | 80 | % | 80 | % | 53 | % | 57 | % | 79 | % | 80 | % | 54 | % | 57 | % | ||
Off-airport | 20 | 20 | 47 | 43 | 21 | 20 | 46 | 43 | ||||||||||
100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||
Customers who rent from us for "business" purposes include those who require cars in connection with commercial activities, the activities of governments and other organizations or for temporary vehicle replacement purposes. Most business customers rent cars from us on terms that we have negotiated with their employers or other entities with which they are associated, and those terms can differ substantially from the terms on which we rent cars to the general public. We have negotiated arrangements relating to car rental with many large businesses, governments and other organizations, including most Fortune 500 companies.
Customers who rent from us for "leisure" purposes include not only individual travelers booking vacation travel rentals with us but also people renting to meet other personal needs. Leisure rentals, taken as a whole, are longer in duration and generate more revenue per transaction than do business rentals, although some types of business rentals, such as rentals to replace temporarily unavailable cars, have a long average duration. Business rentals and leisure rentals have different characteristics and place different types of demands on our operations. We believe that maintaining an appropriate balance between business and leisure rentals is important to the profitability of our business and the consistency of our operations.
Our business and leisure customers rent from both our airport and off-airport locations. Demand for airport rentals is correlated with airline travel patterns, and transaction volumes generally follow enplanement trends on a global basis. Customers often make reservations for airport rentals when they book their flight plans, which makes our strong relationships with travel agents, associations and other partners (e.g., airlines) a key competitive advantage in generating consistent and recurring revenue streams.
Off-airport rentals typically involve people wishing to rent cars closer to home for business or leisure purposes, as well as those needing to travel to or from airports. This category also includes people who have been referred by, or whose rental costs are being wholly or partially reimbursed by, insurance companies because their cars have been damaged. In order to attract these renters, we must establish agreements with the referring insurers establishing the relevant rental terms, including the arrangements made for billing and payment. While we estimate our share of the insurance replacement rental market was approximately 7% of the estimated rental revenue volume for the twelve months
99
ended March 31, 2007, we have identified approximately 155 insurance companies, ranging from local or regional carriers to large, national companies, as our target insurance replacement market. We are now an approved supplier of approximately 100 of the 155 insurance companies. Although Enterprise currently has the largest share of the insurance replacement market, we believe that many of these companies are receptive to our replacement rental offerings and prefer to have at least two national rental car suppliers. Enterprise has asserted that certain systems we use to conduct insurance replacement rentals would infringe on patent rights it expects to obtain. See "Risk FactorsRisks Related to Our BusinessClaims that the software products and information systems that we rely on are infringing on the intellectual property rights of others could increase our expenses or inhibit us from offering certain services, which could adversely affect our results of operations."
We conduct active sales and marketing programs to attract and retain customers. Our commercial and travel industry sales force calls on companies and other organizations whose employees and associates need to rent cars for business purposes, as well as on membership associations, tour operators, travel companies and other groups whose members, participants and customers rent cars for either business or leisure purposes. A specialized sales force calls on companies with replacement rental needs, including insurance and leasing companies and car dealers. We also advertise our car rental offerings through a variety of traditional media, such as television and newspapers, direct mail and the Internet. In addition to advertising, we also conduct a variety of other forms of marketing and promotion, including travel industry business partnerships and press and public relations activities.
In almost all cases, when we rent a car, we rent it directly to an individual who is identified in a written rental agreement that we prepare. Except when we are accommodating someone who cannot drive, the individual to whom we rent a car is required to have a valid driver's license and meet other rental criteria (including minimum age and creditworthiness requirements) that vary on the basis of location and type of rental. Our rental agreements permit only the individual renting the car, people signing additional authorized operator forms and certain defined categories of other individuals (such as fellow employees, parking attendants and in some cases spouses or domestic partners) to operate the car.
With rare exceptions, individuals renting cars from us are personally obligated to pay all amounts due under their rental agreements. They typically pay us with a charge, credit or debit card issued by a third party, although certain customers use a Hertz charge account that we have established for them, usually as part of an agreement between us and their employer. For the year ended December 31, 2006 and the three months ended March 31, 2007, all amounts charged to Hertz charge accounts established in the United States, and approximately 99% of amounts charged to Hertz charge accounts established by our international subsidiaries, are billed directly to a company or other organization or are guaranteed by a company. The remainder of the amounts charged to Hertz charge accounts established by our international subsidiaries are billed to individual account holders whose obligations are not guaranteed by the holder's employer or any other organization associated with the account holder. We also issue rental vouchers and certificates that may be used to pay rental charges, mostly for prepaid and tour-related rentals. In addition, where the law requires us to do so, we rent cars on a cash basis.
In the United States for the year ended December 31, 2006 and the three months ended March 31, 2007, 86% and 86%, respectively of our car rental revenues came from customers who paid us with third-party charge, credit or debit cards, while 8% and 8%, respectively came from customers using Hertz charge accounts, 4% and 4%, respectively came from customers using rental vouchers or another method of payment and 2% and 2%, respectively came from cash transactions. In our international operations for the year ended December 31, 2006 and the three months ended March 31, 2007, 53% and 53%, respectively of our car rental revenues came from customers who paid us with third-party charge, credit or debit cards, while 27% and 31%, respectively came from customers using Hertz charge accounts, 18% and 15%, respectively came from customers using rental vouchers or another method of payment and 2% and 1%, respectively came from cash transactions. For the year
100
ended December 31, 2006 and the three months ended March 31, 2007, we had bad debt expense ratios of 0.2% and 0.1%, respectively of car rental revenues for our U.S. operations and 0.4% and 0.4%, respectively of car rental revenues for our international operations.
Reservations
When customers reserve cars for rental from us and our licensees, they may seek to do so through travel agents or third-party travel websites. In many of those cases, the travel agent or website will utilize a third-party operated computerized reservation system, also known as a global distribution system, or "GDS," to contact us and make the reservation. There are currently four principal GDSs, and we have contracts with all of them providing that we will process reservation requests made through the GDSs. Historically, GDSs were owned and operated by airlines and were subject to extensive regulation along with their airline owners. In recent years, however, airlines have greatly reduced their ownership interests in GDSs and the level of regulation to which GDSs are subject has substantially decreased. The owner of one of the four GDSs, Galileo, has recently entered into an agreement to acquire another GDS, Worldspan, which would result in further concentration in that industry.
In major countries, including the United States and all other countries with company-operated locations, customers may also reserve cars for rental from us and our licensees worldwide through local, national or toll-free telephone calls to our reservations centers, directly through our rental locations or, in the case of replacement rentals, through proprietary automated systems serving the insurance industry. Additionally, we accept reservations for rentals from us and our licensees worldwide through our websites. Our websites, which also allow customers to enroll in loyalty programs, obtain copies of bills for past transactions and obtain information about our rental offerings, have grown significantly in importance as a reservations channel in recent years. Third-party travel websites have also grown in importance to us as a reservations channel.
For the twelve months ended March 31, 2007, approximately 34% of the worldwide reservations we accepted came through travel agents using GDSs, while 29% came through phone calls to our reservations centers, 25% through our websites, 7% through third-party websites and 5% through local booking sources.
Fleet
We believe we are one of the largest private sector purchasers of new cars in the world. During the twelve months ended March 31, 2007, we also purchased approximately 8,800 used cars that were similar to other cars in our rental fleet. During the twelve months ended March 31, 2007, we operated a peak rental fleet in the United States of approximately 326,000 cars and a combined peak rental fleet in our international operations of approximately 168,000 cars, in each case exclusive of our licensees' fleet. During the twelve months ended March 31, 2007, our approximate average holding period for a rental car was ten months in the United States and nine months in our international operations.
Over the five years ended December 31, 2006, we have acquired, subject to availability, over 70% of our cars pursuant to various fleet repurchase or guaranteed depreciation programs established by automobile manufacturers. Under these programs, the manufacturers agree to repurchase cars at a specified price or guarantee the depreciation rate on the cars during established repurchase or auction periods, subject to, among other things, certain car condition, mileage and holding period requirements. Repurchase prices under repurchase programs are based on either a predetermined percentage of original car cost and the month in which the car is returned or the original capitalized cost less a set daily depreciation amount. Guaranteed depreciation programs guarantee on an aggregate basis the residual value of the cars covered by the programs upon sale according to certain parameters which include the holding period, mileage and condition of the cars. These repurchase and guaranteed
101
depreciation programs limit our residual risk with respect to cars purchased under the programs and allow us to determine depreciation expense in advance. For the twelve months ended March 31, 2007, program cars as a percentage of all cars purchased by our U.S. operations were 52% and as a percentage of all cars purchased by our international operations were approximately 69%, or 57% when calculated on an aggregate worldwide basis.
We expect the percentage of our car rental fleet subject to repurchase or guaranteed depreciation programs to decrease substantially due primarily to changes in the terms offered by automobile manufacturers under repurchase programs. Accordingly, we expect to bear increased risk relating to the residual market value and the related depreciation on our car rental fleet and to use different rotational techniques to accommodate our seasonal peak demand for cars.
Over the five years ended December 31, 2006, approximately 47% of the cars acquired by us for our U.S. car rental fleet, and approximately 32% of the cars acquired by us for our international fleet, were manufactured by Ford and its subsidiaries. During the twelve months ended March 31, 2007, approximately 33% of the cars acquired by us domestically were manufactured by Ford and its subsidiaries and approximately 29% of the cars acquired by us for our international fleet were manufactured by Ford and its subsidiaries, which represented the largest percentage of any automobile manufacturer during that period. The percentage of the fleet which we purchase from Ford may decline as a result of recent changes to the vehicle supply arrangements between Ford and us. See "Relationship with Ford" and Note 14 to the notes to our audited annual consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. Historically, we have also purchased a significant percentage of our car rental fleet from General Motors. Over the five years ended December 31, 2006, approximately 19% of the cars acquired by us for our U.S. car rental fleet, and approximately 15% of the cars acquired by us for our international fleet, were manufactured by General Motors. During the twelve months ended March 31, 2007, approximately 20% of the cars acquired by our U.S. car rental fleet, and approximately 14% of the cars acquired by us for our international fleet, were manufactured by General Motors.
Purchases of cars are financed through funds provided from operations and by active and ongoing global borrowing programs. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of OperationsLiquidity and Capital Resources."
We maintain automobile maintenance centers at certain airports and in certain urban and off-airport areas, providing maintenance facilities for our car rental fleet. Many of these facilities, which include sophisticated car diagnostic and repair equipment, are accepted by automobile manufacturers as eligible to perform and receive reimbursement for warranty work. Collision damage and major repairs are generally performed by independent contractors.
We dispose of risk cars, as well as program cars that have for any reason become ineligible for manufacturer repurchase or guaranteed depreciation programs, through a variety of disposition channels, including auctions, brokered sales, sales to wholesalers and, to a lesser extent and primarily in the United States, sales at retail through a network of eight company-operated car sales locations dedicated exclusively to the sale of used cars from our rental fleet. During the twelve months ended March 31, 2007, of the cars that were not repurchased by manufacturers, we sold approximately 87% at auction or on a wholesale basis, while 6% were sold at retail and 7% through other channels. We closed 24 retail car sales locations in the United States in the year ended December 31, 2006. These closures did not have a significant impact on our results of operations for the year ended December 31, 2006.
102
Ford Supply and Advertising Arrangements
On July 5, 2005, Hertz, one of its wholly owned subsidiaries and Ford signed a Master Supply and Advertising Agreement, effective July 5, 2005 and expiring August 31, 2010, that covers the 2005 through 2010 vehicle model years.
The terms of the Master Supply and Advertising Agreement only apply to our fleet requirements and advertising in the United States and to Ford, Lincoln or Mercury brand vehicles, or "Ford Vehicles." Under the Master Supply and Advertising Agreement, Ford has agreed to supply to us and we have agreed to purchase from Ford, during each of the 2005 through 2010 vehicle model years, a specific number of Ford Vehicles. Ford has also agreed in the Master Supply and Advertising Agreement to pay us a contribution toward the cost of our advertising of Ford Vehicles equal to one-half of our total expenditure on such advertising, up to a specified maximum amount. To be eligible for advertising cost contribution under the Master Supply and Advertising Agreement, the advertising must meet certain conditions, including the condition that we feature Ford Vehicles in a manner and with a prominence that is reasonably satisfactory to Ford. It further provides that the amounts Ford will be obligated to pay to us for our advertising costs will be increased or reduced according to the number of Ford Vehicles acquired by us in any model year, provided Ford will not be required to pay any amount for our advertising costs for any year if the number of Ford Vehicles acquired by us in the corresponding model year is less than a specified minimum except to the extent that our failure to acquire the specified minimum number of Ford Vehicles is attributable to the availability of Ford Vehicles or Ford vehicle production is disrupted for reasons beyond the control of Ford. To the extent we acquire less than a specified minimum number of Ford Vehicles in any model year, we have agreed to pay Ford a specified amount per vehicle below the minimum.
The advertising contributions paid by Ford for the 2006 vehicle model year were slightly higher than the advertising contributions we received from Ford for the 2005 model year due to an increase in the number of Ford Vehicles acquired and an increase in the per car contribution. We expect that contributions in future years will be below levels for the 2006 model year based upon anticipated reductions in the number of Ford Vehicles to be acquired. We do not expect that the reductions in Ford's advertising contributions will have a material adverse effect on our results of operations.
Under the terms of the Master Supply and Advertising Agreement, we are able to enter into vehicle advertising and supply agreements with other automobile manufacturers in the United States and in other countries, and we are exploring those opportunities. However, we cannot offer assurance that we will be able to obtain advertising contributions from other automobile manufacturers that will mitigate reductions in Ford's advertising contributions.
Ford subsidiaries and affiliates also supply other brands of cars, including Jaguar, Volvo, Mazda and Land Rover cars, to us in the United States under arrangements separate from the Master Supply and Advertising Agreement. In addition, Ford and its subsidiaries and affiliates are significant suppliers of cars to our international operations.
Licensees
We believe that our extensive worldwide ownership of car rental operations contributes to the consistency of our high-quality service, cost control, fleet utilization, yield management, competitive pricing and our ability to offer one-way rentals. However, in certain predominantly smaller U.S. and international markets, we have found it more efficient to utilize independent licensees, which rent cars that they own. Our licensees operate locations in over 140 countries, including most of the countries where we have company-operated locations. As of March 31, 2007, we owned 96% of all the cars in the combined company-owned and licensee-owned fleets in the United States.
103
We believe that our licensee arrangements are important to our business because they enable us to offer expanded national and international service and a broader one-way rental program. Licenses are issued principally by our wholly owned subsidiaries, Hertz System, Inc., or "System," and HIL under franchise arrangements to independent licensees and affiliates who are engaged in the car rental business in the United States and in many foreign countries.
Licensees generally pay fees based on a percentage of their revenues or the number of cars they operate. The operations of all licensees, including the purchase and ownership of vehicles, are financed independently by the licensees, and we do not have any investment interest in the licensees or their fleets. System licensees share in the cost of our U.S. advertising program, reservations system, sales force and certain other services. Our European and other international licensees also share in the cost of our reservations system, sales force and certain other services. In return, licensees are provided the use of the Hertz brand name, management and administrative assistance and training, reservations through our reservations channels, the Hertz #1 Club and #1 Club Gold programs, our one-way rental program and other services. In addition to car rental, certain licensees outside the United States engage in car leasing, chauffeur-driven rentals and renting camper vans under the Hertz name.
System licensees ordinarily are limited as to transferability without our consent and are terminable by us only for cause or after a fixed term. Licensees in the United States may generally terminate for any reason on 90 days' notice. In Europe and certain other international jurisdictions, licensees typically do not have early termination rights. Initial license fees or the price for the sale to a licensee of a company-owned location may be payable over a term of several years. We continue to issue new licenses and, from time to time, purchase licensee businesses.
Competition
In the United States, our principal car rental industry competitors are ABG, which currently operates the Avis and Budget brands, Vanguard Car Rental USA Group, or "Vanguard," which operates the National Car Rental and Alamo brands, Dollar Thrifty Automotive Group, Inc., or "DTG," which operates the Dollar and Thrifty brands, and Enterprise, which operates the Enterprise brand. On March 31, 2007, Enterprise announced that it had entered into an agreement to acquire Vanguard. This transaction is subject to regulatory approval and, if approved, is expected to close in the third or fourth quarter of 2007.
The following table lists our estimated market share, and the estimated market shares of our principal competitors and their licensees, at the approximately 175 to 190 largest U.S. airports at which we had company-operated locations for the period from 2001 through December 31, 2006, determined on the basis of revenues reported to the airports' operators on which concession or off-airport permit
104
fees are determined for the indicated periods. Complete market share data is not available for any period later than for the year ended December 31, 2006.
|
Years Ended December 31, |
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
2006 |
2005 |
2004 |
2003 |
2002 |
2001 |
||||||||
Brand Name | ||||||||||||||
Hertz | 28.5 | % | 29.2 | % | 29.6 | % | 29.0 | % | 29.2 | % | 29.5 | % | ||
Avis | 19.8 | 20.2 | 20.2 | 21.2 | 22.3 | 21.6 | ||||||||
Budget | 10.3 | 10.5 | 10.2 | 10.4 | 10.8 | 11.8 | ||||||||
ABG Brands(1) | 30.1 | 30.7 | 30.4 | 31.6 | 33.1 | 33.4 | ||||||||
National/Alamo (Vanguard Brands)(2) | 19.7 | 19.4 | 19.8 | 20.8 | 21.8 | 25.4 | ||||||||
Dollar | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.7 | 7.4 | 7.2 | 7.1 | ||||||||
Thrifty | 4.4 | 4.3 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 3.2 | 1.8 | ||||||||
DTG Brands | 11.5 | 11.4 | 12.2 | 11.8 | 10.4 | 8.9 | ||||||||
Enterprise | 7.7 | 7.0 | 6.0 | 5.0 | 3.9 | 2.0 | ||||||||
Other | 2.5 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 1.6 | 0.8 | ||||||||
Total | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||
The U.S. off-airport rental market has historically been dominated by Enterprise. We now have a significant presence in the off-airport market, and ABG's brands also are present. Many smaller companies also operate in the airport and off-airport rental markets.
In Europe, in addition to us, the principal pan-European participants in the car rental industry are Avis Europe plc (which is not an affiliate of ABG but is operating under a license from ABG), which operates the Avis and Budget brands, and Europcar, which was acquired from Volkswagen AG by Eurazeo in 2006. Europcar also operates the National Car Rental and Alamo brands in the United Kingdom and Germany, and through franchises in Spain, Italy and France. In certain European countries, there are also other companies and brands with substantial market shares, including Sixt AG (operating the Sixt brand), and Enterprise (operating the Enterprise brand) in the United Kingdom, Ireland and Germany. Europcar has acquired Vanguard's European business and has entered into an agreement relating to a trans-Atlantic alliance with Vanguard. In every European country, there are also national, regional or other, smaller companies operating in the airport and off-airport rentals markets. Apart from Enterprise-branded operations, all of which Enterprise owns, the other major car rental brands are present in European car rental markets through a combination of company-operated and franchisee- or licensee-operated locations.
Competition among car rental industry participants is intense and frequently takes the form of price competition. Our competitors, some of which may have access to substantial capital or which may benefit from lower operating costs, may seek to compete aggressively on the basis of pricing. To the extent that we match downward competitor pricing without reducing our operating costs, it could have an adverse impact on our results of operations. To the extent that we are not willing to match or remain within a reasonable competitive margin of our competitors' pricing, it could also have an adverse impact on our results of operations, as we may lose market share. As a result of increased use of the Internet as a travel distribution channel, pricing transparency has increased. See "Risk FactorsRisks Related to Our BusinessWe face intense competition that may lead to downward pricing, or an
105
inability to increase prices, which could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations." We believe, however, that the prominence and service reputation of the Hertz brand and our extensive worldwide ownership of car rental operations provide us with a competitive advantage.
Equipment Rental
Operations
We, through HERC, operate an equipment rental business in the United States, Canada, France and Spain. On the basis of total revenues, we believe HERC is the second largest equipment rental company in the United States and Canada combined and one of the largest general equipment rental companies in France and Spain. HERC has operated in the United States since 1965.
HERC's principal business is the rental of equipment. HERC offers a broad range of equipment for rental; major categories include earthmoving equipment, material handling equipment, aerial and electrical equipment, air compressors, pumps, generators, small tools, compaction equipment and construction-related trucks.
HERC's comprehensive line of equipment enables it to supply equipment to a wide variety of customers from local contractors to large industrial plants. The fact that many larger companies, particularly those with industrial plant operations, now require single source vendors, not only for equipment rental, but also for management of their total equipment needs fits well with HERC's core competencies. Arrangements with such companies may include maintenance of the tools and equipment they own, supplies and rental tools for their labor force and custom management reports. HERC supports this through its dedicated in-plant operations, tool trailers and plant management systems.
As of March 31, 2007, HERC operated 363 equipment rental branches, of which 242 were in 40 states within the United States, 33 were in Canada, 80 were in France and 8 were in Spain. HERC generated same-store, year-over-year revenue growth for each of the last fourteen quarters. HERC's rental locations generally are situated in industrial or commercial zones. A growing number of locations have highway or major thoroughfare visibility. The typical location is approximately three acres in size, though smaller in Europe, and includes a customer service center, an equipment service area and storage facilities for equipment. The branches are built or conform to the specifications of the HERC prototype branch, which stresses efficiency, safety and environmental compliance. Most branches have stand-alone maintenance and fueling facilities and showrooms.
HERC slightly contracted its network of equipment rental locations during the 2001 to 2003 downturn in construction activities. HERC added five new locations in the United States during 2004, six during 2005 and ten new locations in the United States and two new locations in Canada in 2006. During the three months ended March 31, 2007, HERC added four U.S. locations and closed four U.S. locations. HERC expects to add approximately 10 to 15 additional locations in the United States and approximately two additional locations in Canada during the remainder of the year. In connection with its U.S. expansion, we expect HERC will incur non-fleet start-up costs of approximately $600,000 per location and additional fleet acquisition costs over an initial twelve-month period of approximately $5.4 million per location.
Starting in 2004, HERC began to broaden its equipment line in the United States and Canada to include more equipment with an acquisition cost of under $10,000 per unit, ranging from air compressors and generators to small tools and accessories, in order to supply customers who are local contractors with a greater proportion of their overall equipment rental needs. As of March 31, 2007, these activities, referred to as "general rental activities," were conducted at approximately 42% of HERC's U.S. and Canadian rental locations. Before it begins to conduct general rental activities at a location, HERC typically renovates the location to make it more appealing to walk-in customers and adds staff and equipment in anticipation of subsequent demand.
106
HERC's operations generated $389.9 million in revenues, $46.0 million in income before income taxes and minority interest and $65.6 million in adjusted pre-tax income during the three months ended March 31, 2007, and $1,672.6 million in revenues and $269.5 million in income before income taxes and minority interest during the year ended December 31, 2006.
Customers
HERC's customers consist predominantly of commercial accounts and represent a wide variety of industries, such as construction, petrochemical, automobile manufacturing, railroad, power generation and shipbuilding. Serving a number of different industries enables HERC to reduce its dependence on a single or limited number of customers in the same business and somewhat reduces the seasonality of HERC's revenues and its dependence on construction cycles. HERC primarily targets customers in medium to large metropolitan markets. For the year ended December 31, 2006 and the three months ended March 31, 2007, no customer of HERC accounted for more than 1.0% and 1.5%, respectively of HERC's rental revenues. Of HERC's combined U.S. and Canadian rental revenues for the year ended December 31, 2006 and the three months ended March 31, 2007, roughly half were derived from customers operating in the construction industry (the majority of which was in the non-residential sector), while the remaining revenues were derived from rentals to industrial, governmental and other types of customers.
Unlike in our car rental business, where we enter into rental agreements with the people who will operate the cars being rented, HERC ordinarily enters into a rental agreement with the legal entitytypically a company, governmental body or other organizationseeking to rent HERC's equipment. Moreover, unlike in our car rental business, where our cars are normally picked up and dropped off by customers at our rental locations, HERC delivers much of its rental equipment to its customers' job sites and retrieves the equipment from the job sites when the rentals conclude. Finally, unlike in our car rental business, HERC extends credit terms to many of its customers to pay for rentals. Thus, for the year ended December 31, 2006 and the three months ended March 31, 2007, 95% and 95%, respectively of HERC's revenues came from customers who were invoiced by HERC for rental charges, while 4% and 4%, respectively came from customers paying with third-party charge, credit or debit cards and 1% and 1%, respectively came from customers who paid with cash or used another method of payment. For the year ended December 31, 2006 and the three months ended March 31, 2007, HERC had a bad debt expense ratio of 0.3% and 0.3%, respectively of its revenues.
Fleet
HERC acquires its equipment from a variety of manufacturers. The equipment is typically new at the time of acquisition and is not subject to any repurchase program. The per-unit acquisition cost of units of rental equipment in HERC's fleet vary from over $200,000 to under $100. As of March 31, 2007, the average per-unit acquisition cost (excluding small equipment purchased for less than $5,000 per unit) for HERC's fleet in the United States was approximately $35,000. As of March 31, 2007, the average age of HERC's rental fleet in the United States was 27 months. We believe that this fleet is one of the youngest fleets in the industry. Having a younger fleet reduces maintenance expenses, which generally escalate as equipment ages. As of March 31, 2007, the average age of HERC's international rental fleet was 33 months in Canada and 33 months in France and Spain, which we believe is roughly comparable to or younger than the average ages of the fleets of HERC's principal competitors in those countries.
HERC disposes of its used equipment through a variety of channels, including private sales to customers and other third parties, sales to wholesalers, brokered sales and auctions. Ancillary to its rental business, HERC is also a dealer of certain brands of new equipment in the United States and Canada, and sells consumables such as gloves and hardhats at many of its rental locations.
107
Licensees
HERC licenses the Hertz name to equipment rental businesses in eight countries in Europe and the Middle East. The terms of those licenses are broadly similar to those we grant to our international car rental licensees.
Competition
HERC's competitors in the equipment rental industry range from other large national companies to small regional and local businesses. In each of the four countries where HERC operates, the equipment rental industry is highly fragmented, with large numbers of companies operating on a regional or local scale. The number of industry participants operating on a national scale is, however, much smaller. HERC is one of the principal national-scale industry participants in each of the four countries where it operates. HERC's operations in the United States represented approximately 75% of our worldwide equipment rental revenues during the year ended December 31, 2006 and the three months ended March 31, 2007. In the United States and Canada, the other top five national-scale industry participants are United Rentals, Inc., or "URI," RSC Equipment Rental, Sunbelt Rentals, Home Depot Rentals and NES Rentals. A number of individual Caterpillar dealers also participate in the equipment rental market in the United States, Canada, France and Spain. In France, the other principal national-scale industry participants are Loxam, Kiloutou, Caterpillar and Laho, while in Spain, the other principal national-scale industry participants are GAM and Euroloc.
Competition in the equipment rental industry is intense, and it often takes the form of price competition. HERC's competitors, some of which may have access to substantial capital, may seek to compete aggressively on the basis of pricing. To the extent that HERC matches downward competitor pricing, it could have an adverse impact on our results of operations. To the extent that HERC is not willing to match competitor pricing, it could also have an adverse impact on our results of operations due to lower rental volume. We believe that HERC's competitive success has been primarily the product of its 40 years of experience in the equipment rental industry, its systems and procedures for monitoring, controlling and developing its branch network, its capacity to maintain a comprehensive rental fleet, the quality of its sales force and its established national accounts program.
Other Operations
Our wholly owned subsidiary, Hertz Claim Management Corporation, or "HCM," provides claim administration services to us and, to a lesser extent, to third parties. These services include investigating, evaluating, negotiating and disposing of a wide variety of claims, including third-party, first-party, bodily injury, property damage, general liability and product liability, but not the underwriting of risks. HCM conducts business at nine regional offices in the United States. Separate subsidiaries of ours conduct similar operations in eight countries in Europe.
Seasonality
Car rental and equipment rental are seasonal businesses, with decreased levels of business in the winter months and heightened activity during the spring and summer. To accommodate increased demand, we increase our available fleet and staff during the second and third quarters of the year. As business demand declines, fleet and staff are decreased accordingly. However, certain operating expenses, including minimum concession fees, rent, insurance and administrative overhead, remain fixed and cannot be adjusted for seasonal demand. See "Risk FactorsRisks Related to Our BusinessOur business is highly seasonal, and a disruption in rental activity during our peak season could materially adversely affect our results of operations." The following tables set forth this seasonal effect by
108
providing quarterly revenues and operating income for each of the quarters since the beginning of 2006:
Employees
As of March 31, 2007, we employed approximately 30,000 persons, consisting of 20,800 persons in our U.S. operations and 9,200 persons in our international operations. Employee benefits in effect include group life insurance, hospitalization and surgical insurance, pension plans and a defined contribution plan. International employees are covered by a wide variety of union contracts and governmental regulations affecting, among other things, compensation, job retention rights and pensions. Labor contracts covering the terms of employment of approximately 7,400 employees in the United States (including those in the U.S. territories) are presently in effect under 140 active contracts with local unions, affiliated primarily with the International Brotherhood of Teamsters and the International Association of Machinists. Labor contracts covering approximately 2,200 of these employees will expire during 2007. We have had no material work stoppage as a result of labor problems during the last ten years, and we believe our labor relations to be good. Nonetheless, we may be unable to negotiate new labor contracts on terms advantageous to us, or without labor interruptions.
In addition to the employees referred to above, we employ a substantial number of temporary workers, and engage outside services, as is customary in the industry, principally for the non-revenue movement of rental cars and equipment between rental locations and the movement of rental equipment to and from customers' job sites.
As part of our effort to implement our strategy of reducing operating costs, we are evaluating our workforce and operations and making adjustments, including headcount reductions and process improvements to optimize work flow at rental locations and maintenance facilities as well as streamlining our back-office operations and evaluating outsourcing opportunities.
On January 5, 2007 and February 28, 2007, we announced job reductions affecting a total of approximately 1,550 employees primarily in our U.S. car rental operations, with much smaller reductions occurring in U.S. equipment rental operations, the corporate headquarters in Park Ridge, New Jersey, and the U.S. service center in Oklahoma City, as well as in Canada, Puerto Rico, Brazil, Australia and New Zealand.
109
Risk Management
Three types of generally insurable risks arise in our operations:
In addition, we offer optional liability insurance and other products providing insurance coverage, which create additional risk exposures for us. Our risk of property damage is also increased when we waive the provisions in our rental contracts that hold a renter responsible for damage or loss under an optional loss or damage waiver that we offer. We bear these and other risks, except to the extent the risks are transferred through insurance or contracts.
In many cases we self-insure our risks or reinsure risks through wholly owned insurance subsidiaries. We mitigate our exposure to large liability losses by maintaining excess insurance coverage, subject to deductibles and caps, through unaffiliated carriers with respect to our domestic operations and our car rental operations in Europe. For our international operations outside Europe and for HERC's operations in Europe, we maintain some liability insurance coverage with unaffiliated carriers. We also maintain property insurance through our captive insurer, Probus Insurance Company Europe Limited, or "Probus" (with the risk reinsured with unaffiliated insurance carriers) domestically and in Europe, subject to deductibles.
Third-Party Liability
In our domestic operations, we are required by applicable financial responsibility laws to maintain insurance against legal liability for bodily injury (including death) or property damage to third parties arising from the operation of our cars and on-road equipment, sometimes called "vehicle liability," in stipulated amounts. In most places, we satisfy those requirements by qualifying as a self-insurer, a process that typically involves governmental filings and demonstration of financial responsibility, which sometimes requires the posting of a bond or other security. In the remaining places, we obtain an insurance policy from an unaffiliated insurance carrier and indemnify the carrier for any amounts paid under the policy. As a result of such arrangements, we bear economic responsibility for domestic vehicle liability, except to the extent we successfully transfer such liability to others through insurance or contractual arrangements.
For our car rental operations in Europe, we have established two wholly owned insurance subsidiaries, Probus, a direct writer of insurance domiciled in Ireland, and Hertz International RE Limited, or "HIRE," a reinsurer organized in Ireland. In European countries with company-operated locations, we purchase from Probus the vehicle liability insurance required by law, and Probus reinsures the risks under such insurance with HIRE. Effective January 1, 2007 reinsurance is provided by another subsidiary of ours. Thus, as with our domestic operations, we bear economic responsibility for vehicle liability in our European car rental operations, except to the extent that we transfer such liability to others through insurance or contractual arrangements. For our international operations outside Europe and for HERC's operations in Europe, we maintain some form of vehicle liability insurance coverage. The nature of such coverage, and our economic responsibility for covered losses, varies considerably. In all cases, though, we believe the amounts and nature of the coverage we obtain is adequate in light of the respective potential hazards.
Both domestically and in our international operations, from time to time in the course of our business we become legally responsible to members of the public for bodily injury (including death) or
110
property damage arising from causes other than the operation of our cars and on-road equipment, sometimes known as "general liability." As with vehicle liability, we bear economic responsibility for general liability losses, except to the extent we transfer such losses to others through insurance or contractual arrangements.
To mitigate our exposure to large vehicle and general liability losses domestically and in our car rental operations in Europe, we maintain excess insurance coverage with unaffiliated insurance carriers against such losses to the extent they exceed $10 million per occurrence (for occurrences in Europe before December 15, 2003, to the extent such losses exceeded $5 million per occurrence). The coverage provided under such excess insurance policies is limited to $100 million for the current policy year, which began on December 21, 2006 and ends on December 21, 2007 (for occurrences between December 21, 2005 and December 21, 2006, the limit is $100 million; between December 15, 2005 and December 21, 2005, the limit is $235 million; between December 15, 2004 and December 14, 2005, $185 million; between December 15, 2003 and December 14, 2004, $150 million; and between December 15, 2002 and December 14, 2003, $675 million). For our international operations outside Europe and for HERC's operations in Europe, we also maintain liability insurance coverage with unaffiliated carriers in such amounts as we deem adequate in light of the respective potential hazards, where such insurance is obtainable on commercially reasonable terms.
Our domestic rental contracts, both for car rental and for equipment rental, typically provide that the renter will indemnify us for liability arising from the operation of the rented vehicle or equipment (for car rentals in certain places, though, only to the extent such liability exceeds the amount stipulated in the applicable financial responsibility law). In addition, many of HERC's domestic rental contracts require the renter to maintain liability insurance under which HERC is entitled to coverage. While such provisions are sometimes effective to transfer liability to renters, their value to us, particularly in cases of large losses, may be limited. The rental contracts used in our international operations sometimes contain provisions relating to insurance or indemnity, but they are typically more limited than those employed in our domestic operations.
In our domestic car rental operations, we offer an optional liability insurance product, Liability Insurance Supplement, or "LIS," that provides vehicle liability insurance coverage substantially higher than state minimum levels to the renter and other authorized operators of a rented vehicle. LIS coverage is provided under excess liability insurance policies issued by an unaffiliated insurance carrier, the risks under which are reinsured with a subsidiary of ours. As a consequence of those reinsurance arrangements, rental customers' purchases of LIS do not reduce our economic exposure to vehicle liability. Instead, our exposure to vehicle liability is potentially increased when LIS is purchased, because insured renters and other operators may have vehicle liability imposed on them in circumstances and in amounts where the applicable rental agreement or applicable law would not, absent the arrangements just described, impose vehicle liability on us.
In both our domestic car rental operations and our company-operated international car rental operations in many countries, we offer an optional product or products providing insurance coverage, or "PAI/PEC" coverage, to the renter and the renter's immediate family members traveling with the renter for accidental death or accidental medical expenses arising during the rental period or for damage or loss of their property during the rental period. PAI/PEC coverage is provided under insurance policies issued by unaffiliated carriers or, in some parts of Europe, by Probus, and the risks under such policies either are reinsured with HIRE or another subsidiary of ours or are the subject of indemnification arrangements between us and the carriers. Rental customers' purchases of PAI/PEC coverage create additional risk exposures for us, since we would not typically be liable for the risks insured by PAI/PEC coverage if that coverage had not been purchased.
Our offering of LIS and PAI/PEC coverage in our domestic car rental operations is conducted pursuant to limited licenses or exemptions under state laws governing the licensing of insurance
111
producers. In our international car rental operations, our offering of PAI/PEC coverage historically has not been regulated; however, in the countries of the European Union, the regulatory environment for insurance intermediaries is rapidly evolving, and we cannot assure you either that we will be able to continue offering PAI/PEC coverage without substantial changes in its offering process or in the terms of the coverage or that such changes, if required, would not render uneconomic our continued offering of the coverage. Due to a change in law in Australia, we have discontinued the sales of insurance products there.
Provisions on our books for self-insured vehicle liability losses are made by charges to expense based upon evaluations of estimated ultimate liabilities on reported and unreported claims. As of March 31, 2007, this liability was estimated at $328.8 million for our combined domestic and international operations.
Damage to Our Property
We bear the risk of damage to our property, unless such risk is transferred through insurance or contractual arrangements.
To mitigate our risk of large, single-site property damage losses domestically and in Europe, we maintain property insurance through our captive insurer, Probus (with the risk reinsured with unaffiliated insurance carriers), generally with a per-occurrence deductible of $3.0 million ($10 million effective April 30, 2006 in the United States) and $2.5 million in respect of vehicle damage, and $50,000 in respect of all other losses, in Europe. For our international operations outside Europe, we also maintain property insurance coverage with unaffiliated carriers in such amounts as we deem adequate in light of the respective hazards, where such insurance is available on commercially reasonable terms.
Our rental contracts typically provide that the renter is responsible for damage to or loss (including loss through theft) of rented vehicles or equipment. We generally offer an optional rental product, known in various countries as "loss damage waiver," "collision damage waiver," "theft protection" or "accident excess reduction," under which we waive or limit our right to make a claim for such damage or loss. This product is not regulated as insurance, but it is subject to specific laws in roughly half of the U.S. jurisdictions where we operate.
Collision damage costs and the costs of stolen or unaccounted-for vehicles and equipment, along with other damage to our property, are charged to expense as incurred.
Other Risks
To manage other risks associated with our businesses, or to comply with applicable law, we purchase other types of insurance carried by business organizations, such as worker's compensation and employer's liability (for which we, through contracts with insurers domestically, bear the risk of the first $5 million of loss from any occurrence), commercial crime and fidelity, performance bonds and directors' and officers' liability insurance, from unaffiliated insurance companies in amounts deemed by us to be adequate in light of the respective hazards, where such coverage is obtainable on commercially reasonable terms.
Governmental Regulation and Environmental Matters
Throughout the world, we are subject to numerous types of governmental controls, including those relating to prices and advertising, privacy and data protection, currency controls, labor matters, charge card operations, insurance, environmental protection, used car sales and licensing.
112
Environmental
The environmental requirements applicable to our operations generally pertain to (i) the operation and maintenance of cars, trucks and other vehicles, such as heavy equipment, buses and vans; (ii) the ownership and operation of tanks for the storage of petroleum products, including gasoline, diesel fuel and oil; and (iii) the generation, storage, transportation and disposal of waste materials, including oil, vehicle wash sludge and waste water. We have made, and will continue to make, expenditures to comply with applicable environmental laws and regulations.
The use of cars and other vehicles is subject to various governmental requirements designed to limit environmental damage, including those caused by emissions and noise. Generally, these requirements are met by the manufacturer, except in the case of occasional equipment failure requiring repair by us. Measures are taken at certain locations in states that require the installation of Stage II Vapor Recovery equipment to reduce the loss of vapor during the fueling process.
We utilize tanks worldwide, approximately 490 of which are underground and 1,750 of which are aboveground, to store petroleum products, and we believe our tanks are maintained in material compliance with environmental regulations, including federal and state financial responsibility requirements for corrective action and third-party claims due to releases. Our compliance program for our tanks is intended to ensure that (i) the tanks are properly registered with the state or other jurisdiction in which the tanks are located and (ii) the tanks have been either replaced or upgraded to meet applicable leak detection and spill, overfill and corrosion protection requirements.
We are also incurring and providing for expenses for the investigation and cleanup of contamination from the discharge of petroleum substances at, or emanating from, currently and formerly owned and leased properties, as well as contamination at other locations at which our wastes have reportedly been identified. The amount of any such expenses or related natural resource damages for which we may be held responsible could be substantial. The probable losses that we expect to incur for such matters have been accrued, and those losses are reflected in our consolidated financial statements. As of March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, the aggregate amounts accrued for environmental liabilities reflected in our consolidated balance sheet in "Other accrued liabilities" were $3.5 million and $3.7 million, respectively. The accrual generally represents the estimated cost to study potential environmental issues at sites deemed to require investigation or clean-up activities, and the estimated cost to implement remediation actions, including ongoing maintenance, as required. Cost estimates are developed by site. Initial cost estimates are based on historical experience at similar sites and are refined over time on the basis of in-depth studies of the site. For many sites, the remediation costs and other damages for which we ultimately may be responsible cannot be reasonably estimated because of uncertainties with respect to factors such as our connection to the site, the nature of the contamination, the involvement of other potentially responsible parties, the application of laws and other standards or regulations, site conditions, and the nature and scope of investigations, studies, and remediation to be undertaken (including the technologies to be required and the extent, duration, and success of remediation).
With respect to cleanup expenditures for the discharge of petroleum substances at, or emanating from, currently and formerly owned or leased properties, we have received reimbursement, in whole or in part, from certain U.S. states that maintain underground storage tank petroleum cleanup reimbursement funds. Such funds have been established to assist tank owners in the payment of cleanup costs associated with releases from registered tanks. With respect to off-site U.S. locations at which our wastes have reportedly been identified, we have been and continue to be required to contribute to cleanup costs due to strict joint and several cleanup liability imposed by the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 and comparable state superfund statutes.
113
Environmental legislation and regulations and related administrative policies have changed rapidly in recent years, both in the United States and in other countries. There is a risk that governmental environmental requirements, or enforcement thereof, may become more stringent in the future and that we may be subject to legal proceedings brought by government agencies or private parties with respect to environmental matters. In addition, with respect to cleanup of contamination, additional locations at which wastes generated by us or substances used by us may have been released or disposed, and of which we are currently unaware, may in the future become the subject of cleanup for which we may be liable, in whole or part. Further, at airport-leased properties, we may be subject to environmental requirements imposed by airports that are more restrictive than those obligations imposed by environmental regulatory agencies. Accordingly, while we believe that we are in substantial compliance with applicable requirements of environmental laws, we cannot offer assurance that our future environmental liabilities will not be material to our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Dealings with Renters
In the United States, car and equipment rental transactions are generally subject to Article 2A of the Uniform Commercial Code, which governs "leases" of tangible personal property. Car rental is also specifically regulated in more than half of the states of the United States. The subjects of state regulation include the methods by which we advertise, quote and charge prices, the consequences of failing to honor reservations, the terms on which we deal with vehicle loss or damage (including the protections we provide to renters purchasing loss or damage waivers) and the terms and method of sale of the optional insurance coverage that we offer. Some states (including California, New York, Nevada and Illinois) regulate the price at which we may sell loss or damage waivers, and many state insurance regulators have authority over the prices and terms of the optional insurance coverage we offer. See "Risk Management" above for further discussion regarding the loss or damage waivers and optional insurance coverages that we offer renters. Internationally, regulatory regimes vary greatly by jurisdiction, but they do not generally prevent us from dealing with customers in a manner similar to that employed in the United States.
Both in the United States and internationally, we are subject to increasing regulation relating to customer privacy and data protection. In general, we are limited in the uses to which we may put data that we collect about renters, including the circumstances in which we may communicate with them. In addition, we are generally obligated to take reasonable steps to protect customer data while it is in our possession. Our failure to do so could subject us to substantial legal liability or seriously damage our reputation.
Changes in Regulation
Changes in government regulation of our business have the potential to alter our business practices, or our profitability, materially. Depending on the jurisdiction, those changes may come about through new legislation, the issuance of new regulations or changes in the interpretation of existing laws and regulations by a court, regulatory body or governmental official. Sometimes those changes may have not just prospective but also retroactive effect; this is particularly true when a change is made through reinterpretation of laws or regulations that have been in effect for some time. Moreover, changes in regulation that may seem neutral on their face may have either more or less impact on us than on our competitors, depending on the circumstances. Several U.S. State Attorneys General have recently taken positions that car rental companies either may not pass through to customers, by means of separate charges, expenses such as vehicle licensing and concession fees or may do so only in certain limited circumstances. Recent or potential changes in law or regulation that affect us relate to insurance intermediaries, customer privacy and data security and rate regulation, each as described under "Risk FactorsRisks Related to Our BusinessChanges in the U.S. and foreign legal and regulatory environment that impact our operations, including laws and regulations relating to the
114
insurance products we sell, customer privacy, data security, insurance rates and expenses we pass through to customers by means of separate charges, could disrupt our business, increase our expenses or otherwise could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations."
In addition, our operations, as well as those of our competitors, also could be affected by any limitation in the fuel supply or by any imposition of mandatory allocation or rationing regulations. We are not aware of any current proposal to impose such a regime in the United States or internationally. Such a regime could, however, be quickly imposed if there were a serious disruption in supply for any reason, including an act of war, terrorist incident or other problem affecting petroleum supply, refining, distribution or pricing.
Properties
We operate car rental locations at or near airports and in central business districts and suburban areas of major cities in North America (the United States, including Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Canada), Europe (France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, Spain, the Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium and Luxembourg), the Pacific (Australia and New Zealand) and Brazil, as well as retail used car sales locations in the United States and France. We operate equipment rental locations in North America (the United States and Canada) and Europe (France and Spain). We also operate headquarters, sales offices and service facilities in the foregoing countries in support of our car rental and equipment rental operations, as well as small car rental sales offices and service facilities in a select number of other countries in Europe and Asia.
Of such locations, fewer than 10% are owned by us. The remaining locations are leased or operated under concessions from governmental authorities and private entities. Those leases and concession agreements typically require the payment of minimum rents or minimum concession fees and often also require us to pay or reimburse operating expenses; to pay additional rent, or concession fees above guaranteed minimums, based on a percentage of revenues or sales arising at the relevant premises; or to do both. See Note 9 to the notes to our audited annual consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
We own four major facilities in the vicinity of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma at which reservations for our car rental operations are processed, global information systems are serviced and major domestic and international accounting functions are performed. We also have a long-term lease for a reservation and financial center near Dublin, Ireland, at which we have centralized our European car rental reservation and customer relations and accounting functions, and we lease a reservation center in Saraland (Mobile County), Alabama to supplement the capacity of our Oklahoma City car rental reservation center. We maintain our executive offices in an owned facility in Park Ridge, New Jersey, and lease a European headquarters office in Uxbridge, England.
Legal Proceedings
On March 15, 2004, Jose M. Gomez, individually and on behalf of all other similarly situated persons, v. The Hertz Corporation was commenced in the 214th Judicial District Court of Nueces County, Texas. Gomez purports to be a class action filed alternatively on behalf of all persons who were charged a Fuel and Service Charge, or "FSC," by us or all Texas residents who were charged a FSC by us. The petition alleged that the FSC is an unlawful penalty and that, therefore, it is void and unenforceable. The plaintiff seeks an unspecified amount of compensatory damages, with the return of all FSC paid or the difference between the FSC and our actual costs, disgorgement of unearned profits, attorneys' fees and costs. In response to various motions by us, the plaintiff filed two amended petitions which scaled back the putative class from a nationwide class to a class of all Texas residents who were charged a FSC by us or by our Corpus Christi licensee. A new cause of action was also added for conversion for which the plaintiff is seeking punitive damages. After some limited discovery, we filed a motion for summary judgment in December 2004. That motion was denied in January 2005. The parties then
115
engaged in more extensive discovery. In April 2006, the plaintiff further amended his petition by adding a cause of action for fraudulent misrepresentation and, at the plaintiff's request, a hearing on the plaintiff's motion for class certification was scheduled for August 2006. In May 2006, the plaintiff filed a fourth amended petition which deleted the cause of action for conversion and the plaintiff also filed a first amended motion for class certification in anticipation of the August 2006 hearing on class certification. After the hearing, the plaintiff filed a fifth amended petition seeking to further refine the putative class as including all Texas residents who were charged a FSC in Texas after February 6, 2000. In October 2006, the judge entered a class certification order which certified a class of all Texas residents who were charged an FSC in Texas after February 6, 2000. We are appealing the order.
On November 18, 2004, Keith Kochner, individually and on behalf of all similarly situated persons, v. The Hertz Corporation was commenced in the District Court in and for Tulsa County, State of Oklahoma. As with the Gomez case, Kochner purports to be a class action, this time on behalf of Oklahoma residents who rented from us and incurred our FSC. The petition alleged that the imposition of the FSC is a breach of contract and amounts to an unconscionable penalty or liquidated damages in violation of Article 2A of the Oklahoma Uniform Commercial Code. The plaintiff seeks an unspecified amount of compensatory damages, with the return of all FSC paid or the difference between the FSC and our actual costs, disgorgement of unearned profits, attorneys' fees and costs. In March 2005, the trial court granted our motion to dismiss the action but also granted the plaintiff the right to replead. In April 2005, the plaintiff filed an amended class action petition, newly alleging that our FSC violates the Oklahoma Consumer Protection Act and that we have been unjustly enriched, and again alleging that our FSC is unconscionable under Article 2A of the Oklahoma Uniform Commercial Code. In May 2005, we filed a motion to dismiss the amended class action petition. In October 2005, the court granted our motion to dismiss, but allowed the plaintiff to file a second amended complaint and we then answered the complaint. Discovery has now commenced.
On January 10, 2007, Marlena Guerra, individually and on behalf of all other similarly situated persons, v. The Hertz Corporation was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Nevada. As with the Gomez and Kochner cases, Guerra purports to be a class action on behalf of all individuals and business entities who rented vehicles at Las Vegas McCarran International Airport and were charged a FSC. The complaint alleged that those customers who paid the FSC were fraudulently charged a surcharge required for fuel in violation of Nevada's Deceptive Trade Practices Act. The plaintiff also alleged the FSC violates the Nevada Uniform Commercial Code, or "UCC," since it is unconscionable and operates as an unlawful liquidated damages provision. Finally, the plaintiff claimed that we breached our own rental agreementwhich the plaintiff claims to have been modified so as not to violate Nevada lawby charging the FSC, since such charges violate the UCC and/or the prohibition against fuel surcharges. The plaintiff seeks compensatory damages, including the return of all FSC paid or the difference between the FSC and its actual costs, plus prejudgment interest, attorneys' fees and costs. In March 2007, we filed a motion to dismiss.
On August 15, 2006, Davis Landscape, Ltd., individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated, v. Hertz Equipment Rental Corporation, was filed in the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey. Davis Landscape, Ltd., purports to be a nationwide class action on behalf of all persons and business entities who rented equipment from HERC and who paid a Loss Damage Waiver, or "LDW," charge. The complaint alleges that the LDW is deceptive and unconscionable as a matter of law under pertinent sections of New Jersey law, including the New Jersey Consumer Fraud Act and the New Jersey Uniform Commercial Code. The plaintiff seeks an unspecified amount of statutory damages under the New Jersey Consumer Fraud Act, an unspecified amount of compensatory damages with the return of all LDW charges paid, declaratory relief and an injunction prohibiting HERC from engaging in acts with respect to the LDW charge that violate the New Jersey Consumer Fraud Act. The complaint also asks for attorneys' fees and costs. In October 2006, we filed an answer to the complaint. In November 2006, the plaintiff filed an amended complaint adding an additional plaintiff, Miguel V. Pro, an individual residing in Texas, and new claims relating to HERC's charging of an "Environmental
116
Recovery Fee." Causes of action for breach of contract and breach of implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing were also added. In January 2007, we filed an answer to the amended complaint. Discovery has now commenced.
On October 13, 2006, Janet Sobel, Daniel Dugan, and Lydia Lee, individually and on behalf of all others similarly situated v. The Hertz Corporation and Enterprise Rent-A-Car Company was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Nevada. Sobel purports to be a nationwide class action on behalf of all persons who rented cars from Hertz or Enterprise at airports in Nevada and whom Hertz or Enterprise charged airport concession recovery fees. The complaint alleged that the airport concession recovery fees violate certain provisions of Nevada law, including Nevada's Deceptive Trade Practices Act. The plaintiffs seek an unspecified amount of compensatory damages, restitution of any charges found to be improper and an injunction prohibiting Hertz and Enterprise from quoting or charging any of the fees prohibited by Nevada law. The complaint also asks for attorneys' fees and costs. In November 2006, the plaintiffs and Enterprise stipulated and agreed that claims against Enterprise would be dismissed without prejudice. In January 2007, we filed a motion to dismiss.
On May 3, 2007, Fun Services of Kansas City, Inc., individually and as representative of a class of similarly situated persons v. Hertz Equipment Rental Corporation was commenced in the District Court of Wyandotte County, Kansas. Fun Services purports to be a class action on behalf of all persons in Kansas and throughout the United States who on or after four years prior to the filing of the action were sent facsimile messages of material advertising the availability of property, goods or services by HERC and who did not provide express permission for sending such faxes. The plaintiff asserts violations of the Telephone Consumer Protection Act, 47 U.S.C. Section 227, and common law conversion and the plaintiff is seeking damages and costs of suit.
We believe that we have meritorious defenses in the foregoing matters and will defend ourselves vigorously.
In addition, we are currently a defendant in numerous actions and have received numerous claims on which actions have not yet been commenced for public liability and property damage arising from the operation of motor vehicles and equipment rented from us and our licensees. In the aggregate, we can be expected to expend material sums to defend and settle public liability and property damage actions and claims or to pay judgments resulting from them. See "Risk Management."
On February 19, 2007, The Hertz Corporation and TSD Rental LLC v. Enterprise Rent-A-Car Company and The Crawford Group, Inc. was filed in the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts. In this action, we and our co-plaintiff seek damages and injunctive relief based upon allegations that Enterprise and its corporate parent, The Crawford Group, Inc., unlawfully engaged in anticompetitive and unfair and deceptive business practices by claiming to customers of Hertz that once Enterprise obtains a patent that it has applied for relating to its insurance replacement reservation system, Hertz will be prevented from using the co-plaintiff's EDiCAR system, which Hertz currently uses in its insurance replacement business. The complaint alleges, among other things, that Enterprise's threats are improper because the Enterprise patent, once issued, should be invalid and unenforceable. In April 2007, Enterprise and Crawford filed a motion to dismiss and Hertz and TSD filed opposition papers in May 2007. See "Risk FactorsRisks Related to Our BusinessClaims that the software products and information systems that we rely on are infringing on the intellectual property rights of others could increase our expenses or inhibit us from offering certain services, which could adversely affect our results of operations."
In addition to the foregoing, various legal actions, claims and governmental inquiries and proceedings are pending or may be instituted or asserted in the future against us and our subsidiaries. Litigation is subject to many uncertainties, and the outcome of the individual litigated matters is not predictable with assurance. It is possible that certain of the actions, claims, inquiries or proceedings, including those discussed above, could be decided unfavorably to us or any of our subsidiaries involved. Although the amount of liability with respect to these matters cannot be ascertained, potential liability in excess of related accruals is not expected to materially affect our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows, but it could be material in the period in which it is recorded.
117
Directors and Executive Officers
Set forth below are the names, ages and number of years employed by us as of June 1, 2007 and positions of our executive officers and directors.
Name |
Age |
Number of Years Employed by Us |
Position |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mark P. Frissora |
51 |
|
Chief Executive Officer and Director and Chairman of the Board |
|||
Paul J. Siracusa |
62 |
38 |
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |
|||
Joseph R. Nothwang |
60 |
31 |
Executive Vice President and President, Vehicle Rental and Leasing, The Americas and Pacific |
|||
Brian J. Kennedy |
65 |
23 |
Executive Vice President, Marketing & Sales |
|||
Gerald A. Plescia |
51 |
27 |
Executive Vice President and President, HERC |
|||
Michel Taride |
50 |
21 |
Executive Vice President and President, Hertz Europe Limited |
|||
Harold E. Rolfe |
49 |
8 |
Senior Vice President, General Counsel & Secretary |
|||
Charles L. Shafer |
63 |
41 |
Senior Vice President, Quality Assurance & Administration |
|||
LeighAnne G. Baker |
48 |
|
Senior Vice President, Chief Human Resource Officer |
|||
Richard J. Foti |
60 |
28 |
Controller |
|||
Elyse Douglas |
51 |
|
Treasurer |
|||
George W. Tamke |
60 |
|
Lead Director |
|||
Nathan K. Sleeper |
33 |
|
Director |
|||
David H. Wasserman |
40 |
|
Director |
|||
Brian A. Bernasek |
34 |
|
Director |
|||
Gregory S. Ledford |
50 |
|
Director |
|||
George A. Bitar |
42 |
|
Director |
|||
Robert F. End |
51 |
|
Director |
|||
Barry H. Beracha |
65 |
|
Director |
|||
Carl T. Berquist |
56 |
|
Director |
|||
Michael J. Durham |
56 |
|
Director |
|||
Henry C. Wolf |
64 |
|
Director |
118
Mr. Frissora has served as the Chief Executive Officer, or "CEO," and Chairman of the Board of Hertz and Hertz Holdings since January 1, 2007 and as CEO and a director of Hertz and Hertz Holdings since July 19, 2006. Prior to joining Hertz and Hertz Holdings, Mr. Frissora served as Chief Executive Officer of Tenneco Inc. from November 1999 to July 2006 and as President of the automotive operations of Tenneco Inc. from April 1999 to July 2006. He also served as the Chairman of Tenneco Inc. from March 2000 to July 2006. From 1996 to April 1999, he held various positions within Tenneco Inc.'s automotive operations, including Senior Vice President and General Manager of the worldwide original equipment business. Previously Mr. Frissora served as a Vice President of Aeroquip Vickers Corporation from 1991 to 1996. In the 15 years prior to joining Aeroquip Vickers, he served for ten years with General Electric and five years with Philips Lighting Company in management roles focusing on product development and marketing. He is a director of NCR Corporation, where he serves on its compensation committee.
Mr. Siracusa has served as the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Hertz Holdings since the Acquisition in December 2005. He has served as the Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Hertz since August 1997. From January 1996 to August 1997, he served as Vice President, Finance and Chief Financial Officer, Hertz International, Ltd., based in England. He served as Staff Vice President and Controller Worldwide Rent A Car for Hertz from August 1994 until December 1995 and has served in various other financial positions with us since 1969. Mr. Siracusa served as a director on Hertz's Board of Directors from January 2004 until December 2005.
Mr. Nothwang has served as the Executive Vice President and President of Vehicle Rental and Leasing, The Americas and Pacific, for Hertz since January 2000 and as the Executive Vice President and President of Vehicle Rental and Leasing, The Americas and Pacific of Hertz Holdings since June 2006. From September 1995 until December 1999 he was Executive Vice President and General Manager, U.S. Car Rental Operations for Hertz. From August 1993 until August 1995 he was Vice President and General Manager U.S. Car Rental Operations for Hertz. Prior to that he was Division Vice President, Region Operations for Hertz since 1985. He served in various other operating positions with Hertz between 1976 and 1985.
Mr. Kennedy has served as Hertz's Executive Vice President, Marketing & Sales since February 1988 and as the Executive Vice President, Sales & Marketing, of Hertz Holdings since June 2006. From May 1987 through January 1988, he served as Executive Vice President and General Manager of Hertz's Car Rental Division, prior to which, from October 1983, he served as Senior Vice President, Marketing for Hertz.
Mr. Plescia has served as the Executive Vice President and President, HERC since July 1997 and as the Executive Vice President and President, HERC, of Hertz Holdings since June 2006. From September 1991 until June 1997, he served as Division Vice President, Field Operations, HERC and has served in various other operations and financial positions with us since 1979.
Mr. Taride has served as the Executive Vice President and President, Hertz Europe Limited since January 2004 and as the Executive Vice President and President, Hertz Europe Limited, of Hertz Holdings since June 2006. From January 2003 until December 2003, he served as Vice President and President, Hertz Europe Limited. From April 2000 until December 2002, he served as Vice President and General Manager, Rent A Car, Hertz Europe Limited. From July 1998 to March 2000, he was General Manager, Rent A Car France and HERC Europe. Previously, he served in various other operating positions in Europe from 1980 to 1983 and from 1985 to 1998.
Mr. Rolfe has served as the Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of Hertz Holdings since June 2006. He served as the General Counsel and Secretary of Hertz Holdings from December 2005 until June 2006 and as the Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of Hertz since May 1999. He served as the Senior Vice President and General Counsel of Hertz from
119
October 1998 to May 1999. Previously he served as Vice President and General Counsel, Corporate Property Investors, New York, New York from June 1991 until September 1998.
Mr. Shafer has served as the Senior Vice President, Quality Assurance & Administration for Hertz since January 2003 and as the Senior Vice President, Quality Assurance & Administration of Hertz Holdings since June 2006. From February 1998 until December 2002, he had served as Vice President and President, Hertz Europe Limited. From January 1991 until January 1998, he was Division Vice President, Western Region Rent A Car Operations for Hertz. He served in various other operating positions with Hertz from 1966 to 1990.
Ms. Baker has served as the Senior Vice President, Chief Human Resource Officer of Hertz Holdings and Hertz since April 2007. Prior to joining Hertz Holdings and Hertz, Ms. Baker served as Senior Vice President, Global Human Resources for The Reynolds & Reynolds Company. Prior to joining Reynolds & Reynolds in 2005, she served as Director of Human Resources, Global Automotive Business, and in various operational roles for The Timken Company.
Mr. Foti has served as the Controller of Hertz Holdings since December 21, 2005 and as the Staff Vice President and Controller of Hertz since July 1997. Previously he served as Staff Vice President, Internal Audit for Hertz from February 1990 until June 1997. Previously he served in various other financial positions with us since 1978. On May 24, 2007, we announced that Mr. Foti would retire on June 30, 2007.
Ms. Douglas has served as the Treasurer of Hertz Holdings and Hertz since July 2006. Prior to joining Hertz Holdings and Hertz, Ms. Douglas served as Treasurer of Coty Inc. from December 1999 until July 2006. Previously, Ms. Douglas served as an Assistant Treasurer of Nabisco from June 1995 until December 1999.
Mr. Tamke has served as Lead Director of Hertz Holdings and Hertz since July 19, 2006. Mr. Tamke served as the Chairman of the Board of Directors of Hertz Holdings and Hertz from shortly after the Acquisition in December 2005 until July 19, 2006. Mr. Tamke is an operating principal with CD&R. Prior to joining CD&R in 2000, he was an executive at Emerson Electric Co., a manufacturer of electrical and electronic equipment, serving as President and Chief Operating Officer from 1997 to 1999 and as Vice Chairman and Co-Chief Executive Officer from 1999 to February 2000. He has served as a director of Target Corporation since June 1999 and as Chairman of Culligan Ltd. since October 2004 and was previously Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Kinko's, Inc.
Mr. Sleeper has served as a director of Hertz Holdings from August to September 2005 and has served as a director of Hertz Holdings and Hertz since shortly after the Acquisition in December 2005. Mr. Sleeper is a financial principal of CD&R, which he joined in 2000. Prior to joining CD&R, he was employed by Goldman, Sachs & Co. in the Investment Banking Area. He has also been employed by Tiger Management. He has served as a director of Culligan Ltd. since October 2004.
Mr. Wasserman has served as a director of Hertz Holdings since August 2005 and of Hertz since shortly after the Acquisition in December 2005. Mr. Wasserman is a financial principal of CD&R, which he joined in 1998. Prior to joining CD&R, he was employed by Goldman, Sachs & Co. in the Principal Investment Area. He has also been employed by Fidelity Capital and as a management consultant. Mr. Wasserman serves on the Board of Directors of Culligan Ltd., Covansys Corporation and ICO Global Communications and formerly served as a director of Kinko's, Inc.
Mr. Bernasek has served as a director of Hertz Holdings and Hertz since December 2006. Mr. Bernasek is a Principal of The Carlyle Group, which he joined in 2000. Prior to that time, he held positions with Investcorp International, a private equity firm, and Morgan Stanley & Co., in its Investment Banking Division. Mr. Bernasek serves on the Board of Directors of AxleTech International Holdings, Inc.
120
Mr. Ledford has served as a director of Hertz Holdings since September 2005 and of Hertz since shortly after the Acquisition in December 2005. Mr. Ledford is a Managing Director of The Carlyle Group. Mr. Ledford joined Carlyle in 1988 and is currently head of the firm's Automotive and Transportation practice. He led the firm's investments in Horizon Lines Holdings Corporation, Grand Vehicle Works Holdings Corporation and Piedmont/Hawthorne Holdings Inc. From 1991 to 1997, he was Chairman and CEO of The Reilly Corp., a former Carlyle portfolio company that was successfully sold in September 1997. Prior to joining Carlyle, Mr. Ledford was Director of Capital Leasing for MCI Communications. Mr. Ledford serves on the Boards of Directors of AxleTech International Holdings, Inc. and United Components Inc.
Mr. Bitar has served as a director of Hertz Holdings and Hertz since shortly after the Acquisition in December 2005. Mr. Bitar is a Managing Director of MLGPE, where he serves as Co-Head of the U.S. Region, and a Managing Director of Merrill Lynch Global Partners, Inc., the Manager of ML Global Private Equity Fund, L.P., a proprietary private equity fund. Prior to joining the Global Private Equity Division, Mr. Bitar was a Vice President in the High Yield Finance and Restructuring Group of Merrill Lynch, where he worked for four years. Mr. Bitar joined Merrill Lynch in 1991. He also sits on the Board of Directors of Hospital Corporation of America, Inc. and several private companies.
Mr. End has served as a director of Hertz Holdings and Hertz since shortly after the Acquisition in December 2005. Since rejoining Merrill Lynch in 2004, Mr. End has been a Managing Director of MLGPE, where he serves as Co-Head of the U.S. Region, and a Managing Director of Merrill Lynch Global Partners, Inc., the Manager of ML Global Private Equity Fund, L.P., a proprietary private equity fund. Previously, Mr. End was a founding Partner and Director of Stonington Partners Inc., a private equity firm established in 1994. Prior to leaving Merrill Lynch in 1994, Mr. End was a Managing Director of Merrill Lynch Capital Partners, the firm's private equity group. Mr. End joined Merrill Lynch in 1986 and worked in the Investment Banking Division before joining the private equity group in 1989. Mr. End is a director of NPC International, Inc. and several private companies.
Mr. Beracha has served as a director of Hertz Holdings and Hertz since November 2006. He most recently served as Executive Vice President of Sara Lee Corp. and Chief Executive Officer of the Sara Lee Bakery Group, which was created when Sara Lee acquired The Earthgrains Company in 2001. Mr. Beracha retired from Sara Lee in June 2003. He also served as Chairman and CEO of The Earthgrains Company, which was spun off from Anheuser Busch in 1996. In 1967, Mr. Beracha joined Anheuser Busch Companies, Inc., and held various management positions of increasing responsibility within the company until the spin-off of Earthgrains in March 1996, prior to which he held the title of Vice President and Group Executive of Anheuser Busch Companies. Mr. Beracha serves on the Board of Directors of Pepsi Bottling Group, where he is the Non Executive Chairman of the Board and is a member of the Compensation and Management Committee and of the Audit and Affiliated Transactions Committee, which he chaired prior to becoming the Non Executive Chairman of the Board in March 2007. Mr. Beracha retired from the Board of Directors of McCormick & Co., where he served as Chairman of the Compensation Committee, in March 2007. Since December 2005, he has served as Chairman of the Board of Trustees of St. Louis University.
Mr. Berquist has served as a director of Hertz Holdings and Hertz since November 2006. Mr. Berquist joined Marriott International, Inc. in December 2002 as Executive Vice President, Financial Reporting and Enterprise Risk Management. He also serves as Chief Accounting Officer of Marriott International. Prior to joining Marriott, Mr. Berquist was a partner at Arthur Andersen LLP. During his 28 year career with Arthur Andersen, Mr. Berquist held numerous leadership positions covering the management of the business as well as various operational roles, including managing partner of the worldwide real-estate and hospitality practice. His last position was managing partner of the mid-Atlantic region which included five offices from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Richmond, Virginia. Mr. Berquist is a board member of Eberle Communications Group, a privately held fundraising company, and Avendra LLC, a privately held procurement company.
121
Mr. Durham has served as a director of Hertz Holdings and Hertz since November 2006. Mr. Durham served as Director, President and Chief Executive Officer of Sabre, Inc., a NYSE-listed company providing information technology services to the travel industry, from October 1996, the date of Sabre, Inc.'s initial public offering, until October 1999. From March 1995 until July 1996, when Sabre was a subsidiary of AMR Corporation, he served as Sabre's President. Prior to his joining Sabre, Mr. Durham spent 16 years with American Airlines, serving as the Senior Vice President and Treasurer of AMR Corporation and Senior Vice President of Finance and Chief Financial Officer of American Airlines from October 1989 until he assumed the position of President of Sabre in March of 1995. Mr. Durham currently serves as non-executive Chairman of the Board of Asbury Automotive Group, a NYSE-listed company in the automotive retailing industry, as a member of the audit committee and board member of AGL Resources, Inc., a NYSE-listed company in the natural gas industry, as a board member and member of the audit committee of Acxiom Corporation, a public company listed on the NASDAQ, and as a board member and a member of the audit committee of Bombardier, a Canadian company listed on the Toronto Exchange. Mr. Durham joined the board of directors of Northwest Airlines Corporation effective May 31, 2007. Mr. Durham also serves as a member of either the Boards of Directors or the Advisory Boards of a number of privately held corporations.
Mr. Wolf has served as a director of Hertz Holdings and Hertz since November 2006. Mr. Wolf has served as Chief Financial Officer for Norfolk Southern Corporation since 1993. Mr. Wolf has held the title of Vice Chairman and Chief Financial Officer of Norfolk Southern since 1998. From 1993 until 1998, he served as Executive Vice President of Finance of Norfolk Southern. He served as Norfolk Southern's Vice President of Taxation from 1991 until 1993, Assistant Vice President of Tax Counsel from 1984 until 1990, Senior Tax Counsel from 1983 until 1984, General Tax Attorney from 1976 until 1983 and Senior Tax Attorney from 1973 until 1976. Mr. Wolf is a director of AGL Resources, Inc., a NYSE-listed company in the natural gas industry, as well as the chairman of its audit committee. He is also chairman of the board of directors of Shenandoah Life Insurance Company. In addition, Mr. Wolf serves as Vice Rector of the Board of Visitors of the College of William and Mary, and as a Member of the Board of Trustees of the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation.
Director Independence
Investment funds associated with or designated by the Sponsors collectively own over 50% of our outstanding common stock. Because these stockholders are parties to a voting agreement, they are considered a "group" and we are therefore considered a "controlled company," within the meaning of NYSE rules. As a result, we rely on exemptions from the requirements of having a majority of independent directors, a fully independent nominating/corporate governance committee, a fully independent compensation committee, nominating/corporate governance and compensation committee charters and other requirements prescribed for such committees by the NYSE. Following the completion of this offering, we will remain a "controlled company" and will continue to rely on these exceptions. For a description of the Stockholders' Agreement to which these stockholders are a party, see "Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions."
Our Board has determined that each member of our Audit Committee, which consists of Messrs. Barry H. Beracha (Chair), Carl T. Berquist, Michael J. Durham and Henry C. Wolf, is "independent" as defined in the federal securities laws and NYSE rules. In view of our status as a controlled company under NYSE rules, our Board has not made a determination of independence with respect to any of our directors not serving on our Audit Committee. Prior to the initial public offering of our common stock in November 2006, our Audit Committee consisted of Messrs. Nathan K. Sleeper, Gregory S. Ledford and George A. Bitar.
In considering the independence of Messrs. Berquist and Wolf, our Board took into consideration certain relationships between their respective employers and us.
122
Mr. Berquist is Executive Vice President, Financial Reporting and Enterprise Risk Management for Marriott International, Inc. Hertz and Marriott are parties to a Global Master Concession and Joint Marketing Agreement which provides, among other things, for (i) Marriott to grant Hertz concessions at certain of its hotels, (ii) Marriott Rewards participants to earn points from Hertz car rentals, (iii) Marriott customers are given the opportunity to be referred to Hertz to reserve rental cars in connection with telephone or Internet contacts made with Marriott, and (iv) Hertz customers are given the opportunity to be referred to Marriott to make hotel reservations in connection with Internet contacts made with Hertz. Payments by Hertz to Marriott under this agreement did not exceed 0.1% of Marriott's gross revenues in any of the last three fiscal years. Most of the payments to Marriott are passed through to third party owners of hotels which are managed or franchised by Marriott. Payments by Marriott to Hertz under this agreement were negligible. In addition, Marriott is a corporate customer of Hertz's car rental operations. Pursuant to this arrangement, Marriott employees rent cars from Hertz from time to time. Payments by Marriott to Hertz pursuant to this arrangement were less than 0.1% of Marriott's gross revenues for each of the last three fiscal years. Mr. Berquist reported that he does not have, and has never had, responsibility for any commercial relationships between Hertz and Marriott.
Mr. Wolf is Vice Chairman and Chief Financial Officer of Norfolk Southern Corporation. HERC has an equipment rental relationship with Norfolk Southern through the Rail Market Place. Payments by Norfolk Southern to HERC under that program did not exceed 0.1% of Norfolk Southern's revenues in any of the last three fiscal years. Car rental revenues paid by Norfolk Southern to Hertz and its licenses which participate in Hertz's dividend program also did not exceed 0.1% of Norfolk Southern's revenues in any of the last three fiscal years. Mr. Wolf reported that he does not have, and has never had, responsibility for any commercial relationships between Norfolk Southern and Hertz or HERC.
Named Executive Officers
We refer to the following individuals as our "named executive officers":
The named executive officers are the two individuals who served as our CEO in 2006, our CFO and our three other most highly compensated executive officers, as compensation is determined under the SEC's rules.
123
Summary Compensation Table
The following table, or the "Summary Compensation Table," summarizes the compensation earned in 2006 by our named executive officers.
2006 Summary Compensation Table
Name and Principal Position |
Salary |
Bonus |
Stock Awards |
Option Awards(1) |
Non-equity incentive plan compensation(2) |
Change in pension value and non-qualified deferred compensation earnings |
All other compensation |
Total |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
($) |
($) |
($) |
($) |
($) |
($) |
($) |
($) |
||||||||
Craig R. Koch | 975,000 | 3,375,000 | (3) | | 675,000 | | 2,549,100 | 291,845 | (4) | 7,865,945 | ||||||
Mark P. Frissora(5) | 412,885 | 3,200,000 | (6) | | 1,327,100 | 228,000 | | 14,064,258 | (7) | 19,232,243 | ||||||
Paul J. Siracusa | 545,673 | (8) | | | 666,973 | 827,700 | 639,100 | 12,119 | 2,691,565 | |||||||
Joseph R. Nothwang | 565,385 | | | 666,973 | 903,160 | 932,200 | 14,471 | 3,082,189 | ||||||||
Michel Taride(9) | 529,345 | | | 572,964 | 740,606 | 452,961 | 152,837 | (10) | 2,448,713 | |||||||
Gerald Plescia | 425,481 | (11) | | | 554,162 | 637,223 | 343,700 | 10,699 | 1,971,265 |
The following discussion explains and provides context for understanding the detailed numerical information presented in the foregoing table.
124
Compensation Discussion and Analysis
Overview
We believe that a skilled and motivated team of senior executives is essential to building lasting shareholder value. As a market leader in the car and equipment rental industries, we also understand that our senior executives are highly sought after. Therefore, we have sought to provide our senior executives competitive levels of compensation necessary to retain their services and, in the case of Mr. Frissora in 2006, to enable us to recruit him from a prior employer, where he also served as chairman and chief executive officer. We believe that executive compensation packages provided by Hertz Holdings to its executives, including the named executive officers, should include both cash and stock-based compensation that reward performance measured against established goals and aligns executives' interests with those of the shareholders, with the ultimate objective of improving shareholder value. As discussed in more detail below, in 2006 several important events had a significant impact on the compensation programs for our named executive officers and other senior executives:
Setting Executive Compensation
Based on the objectives discussed above, we have structured our annual and long-term equity based executive compensation to motivate executives to achieve the business goals set by Hertz Holdings and reward the executives for achieving such goals.
We typically review the overall compensation of our named executive officers and other senior executives, as well as the relative makeup of the various components of their compensation, every 12 months.
For 2006, Hertz compared the compensation for its senior executives to that of comparable positions at a group of general industry companies of similar revenue size. In addition, Hertz also reviewed market data on competitive pay practices and trends. When making compensation decisions for its executives, Hertz management and our Compensation Committee considered this market data, as well as industry factors, general business developments and corporate performance. For 2007, our Compensation Committee independently retained Frederic W. Cook & Co., Inc., to provide consulting services related to the compensation and benefit programs for our senior executives.
For our senior executive group as a whole, we have generally tried to set overall annual cash compensationbase salary and annual bonusat the median of that paid for comparable positions at our peer group of companies. (By "median" we mean that roughly half of our peer companies pay the same or less, and roughly half pay more.)
When we set a particular senior executive's base salarywhich in turn affected his or her target bonus (which is set as a percentage of base salary)we did, nonetheless, take into account our assessment of that person's individual performance and contributions. For our named executive officers,
125
this assessment was made by our Compensation Committee, in close consultation with our Lead Director and our CEO (except as to his own compensation). As a result, where warranted, some individuals' base salary and annual bonus opportunity exceeded the median paid for comparable positions at our peer group of companies, while for others it may have been less. We believe that this is an important aspect of our compensation program to appropriately motivate and reward our executives.
Annually, we also review all other components of our named executive officers' compensation, in light of both competitive market practice and our own business needs and objectives. As a result of this, for example, in 2006 we:
These are discussed in more detail below under "Long-Term Equity Incentives" and "Annual Incentives," respectively.
Components of 2006 Executive Compensation
For the year ended December 31, 2006, the principal components of compensation for the named executive officers were:
Base Salary
In our review of base salaries for executives, we primarily consider:
In 2006 and previous years, we typically considered changes in the base salaries of senior executives on a staggered 18 month cycle, based on the date each executive first held the executive's current responsibilities. We also considered base salaries upon promotion or other changes in job responsibility. In 2007, we will be making a transition to a senior executive base salary review cycle of 12 months, which will result in more frequent changes in this component of compensation. While we believe the 18 month cycle produced satisfactory results, a shortened cycle will, in our view, make it easier for us to maintain a proper level of base salary for our senior executives in light of the criteria we employ in setting salaries.
126
As the result of our regular, cyclical review of annual base salaries in 2006, the annual base salaries for our named executive officers were revised as follows:
Mr. Siracusa | $475,000 to $525,000 (a 10.5% increase) | |
Mr. Nothwang | $550,000 to $590,000 (a 7.3% increase) | |
Mr. Plescia | $385,000 to $425,000 (a 10.4% increase) | |
Mr. Taride | £270,000 to £285,000 (a 5.6% increase) |
Mr. Koch's salary remained unchanged in 2006.
Mr. Frissora's annual base salary of $950,000 was established through the negotiation process when he agreed to join us as our CEO. In setting this figure for base salary, we took into account his base salary at his prior employer, as well as information regarding comparable base salaries provided to us by the executive search firm we had retained in connection with our search for a new CEO.
Annual Incentives
Each year our Compensation Committee approves the performance criteria and performance targets that will be used to determine annual bonuses for our named executive officers under our Executive Incentive Compensation Program, or "EICP," and, if more than one performance criterion is selected, the relative weighting of those criteria and their related targets. Where an executive has responsibility for a particular business unit, the executive's performance criteria and targets relate to the performance of the business unit as well as to our overall performance. Where an executive, such as our CEO or CFO, has broader corporate responsibility, the performance criteria and targets are entirely based on our overall performance.
Our Compensation Committee also establishes for each named executive officer the target annual bonus the executive will receivetypically expressed as a percentage of annual base salaryif the performance targets are met, and the extent to which the bonus may be increased or decreased if and to the extent the performance targets are exceeded or are not achieved. After the end of the year, our Compensation Committee determines how actual results compare with performance targets and approves the resulting bonus payments.
The target annual bonus a named executive officer will be eligible to receive under the EICP is generally set so that the executive will earn total annual cash compensation (when taken together with base salary) at the median of annual cash compensation paid for comparable positions at the companies in our peer group (as discussed above). If we substantially exceed the EICP performance targets, the annual bonus under the EICP is typically structured so that it will be payable at the 75th percentile of the peer groupby which we mean 75% of the peer group pays that amount or less, while 25% pay more, in total annual cash compensation. Executive officers participating in the EICP receive no payment of an EICP award unless minimum performance levels are achieved, and receive 100% of their targeted bonuses for the achievement of the target levels.
In 2006 we modified a cash-based long-term incentive plan that Hertz had established before it was acquired from Ford Motor Company, or the "LTIP," so that the LTIP would provide an enhanced annual bonus opportunity using the same performance criteria and performance targets employed for participants in the EICP in lieu of the performance criteria and targets that the LTIP previously employed. We did this because we believed that the performance criteria and targets we annually established under the EICP would create better incentives to meet our business objectives following our acquisition than those that had been established for a company with a very different capital structure under the LTIP. The modifications we made in the LTIP for 2006 will also apply for the LTIP's two remaining years, 2007 and 2008. Mr. Frissora does not participate in the LTIP.
127
For our named executive officers, other than Mr. Koch, 2006 bonuses payable under the EICP and, where applicable, the LTIP were based upon three performance criteriaperformance income, or "PI," revenues and return on total capital, or "ROTC." PI for us or any business unit is an adjusted pre-tax income statistic equal to our or the unit's income before non-fleet interest, non-cash interest items, income taxes, minority interest, amortization of Transaction-related items, significant one-time items and non-cash "mark-to-market" income and expense. ROTC for us or any business unit is a return on capital statistic equal to the ratio of our or the unit's performance income plus fleet interest to our or the unit's average assets minus average non-interest bearing liabilities, excluding goodwill, other intangibles and other purchase accounting related balances. The achievement of performance targets for these criteria accounted for 60%, 20% and 20%, respectively, of the weighted overall performance target. We selected these three performance criteria because achievement of objectives in these areas is critical for our continued growth and the delivery of shareholder value.
PI and ROTC are operating statistics that measure results that are arguably within the partial control of executives and therefore are useful in determining their individual performance. However, these measures are not calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and, while they are useful in determining the performance of specific individuals for compensatory purposes, they do not take into account many aspects of our results that are highly relevant to investors and creditors but are outside the control of executives. Accordingly, you should not treat PI or ROTC as a performance measure or liquidity measure for us or any of our reporting segments.
The 2006 EICP and, where applicable, LTIP performance targets applicable to executives who had responsibility for a particular business unitMessrs. Nothwang, Taride and Plesciawere weighted 70% on the performance of their units and 30% on our overall performance, while those applicable to other named executive officers were weighted 100% on our overall corporate performance. In addition, for 2006, for each one percentage point that an executive's weighted actual results exceeded 100% of the executive's weighted performance targets, the executive's bonus payment under the EICP and, where applicable, the LTIP would be increased by four percentage points, so that, for example, achievement of 106% of an executive's weighted performance target would result in a payment of 124% of the executive's target annual bonus. Bonus payments under the LTIP were in all events limited to 200% of target payments, but no comparable limitation existed under the EICP.
For 2006, our overall corporate performance targets for PI, revenues and ROTC were $759.0 million, $8,205.3 million and 10.55%, respectively; our actual corporate PI, revenues and ROTC were $821.6 million, $8,058.4 million and 11.16%, respectively; and the percentage of target annual bonuses accordingly payable under the EICP and, where applicable, the LTIP with respect to our overall corporate performance was 124%. For 2006, the performance targets for PI, revenues and ROTC for the units for which Mr. Nothwang was responsible were $362.4 million, $4,991.1 million and 8.43%, respectively; those units' actual PI, revenues and ROTC were $366.5 million, $4,719.5 million and 8.79%, respectively; and the percentage of target annual bonuses accordingly payable under the EICP and LTIP with respect to such units' performance was 100%. For 2006, the performance targets for PI, revenues and ROTC for the units for which Mr. Taride was responsible were $114.8 million, $1,628.5 million and 8.48%, respectively; those units' actual PI, revenues and ROTC were $124.7 million, $1,628.5 million and 9.18%, respectively; and the percentage of target annual bonuses accordingly payable under the EICP and LTIP with respect to such units' performance was 128%. For 2006, the performance targets for PI, revenues and ROTC for the units for which Mr. Plescia was responsible were $303.9 million, $1,548.1 million and 20.44%, respectively; those units' actual PI, revenues and ROTC were $343.1 million, $1,573.6 million and 18.87%, respectively; and the percentage of target annual bonuses accordingly payable under the EICP and LTIP with respect to such units' performance was 138%.
In 2006, the target annual bonus for each named executive officer, other than Mr. Koch, under the EICP and under the LTIP were respectively the following percentages of their annual base salaries:
128
Mr. Frissora100% and 0%; Mr. Siracusa70% and 57%; Mr. Nothwang75% and 68%; Mr. Taride65% and 45%; and Mr. Plescia65% and 47%. The actual bonuses paid to each of these named executive officers under the EICP and, where applicable, the LTIP, for 2006 were determined by applying the percentages of target bonuses payable, computed as described above and weighted between our overall performance and the performance of relevant business units as described above, to those target annual bonuses. The actual bonuses paid for 2006 under the EICP and LTIP are, in accordance with the SEC's rules, reflected in the "Non-equity incentive plan compensation" column of the Summary Compensation Table, except that the portion of Mr. Frissora's bonus that was guaranteed under his employment agreement instead is reflected in the "Bonus" column of that table. For more information on Mr. Frissora's employment agreement, see "Compensation Discussion and AnalysisEmployment and Change in Control Agreements."
In connection with Mr. Koch's transition from CEO to Chairman and his subsequent retirement, we had agreed in 2005 that if Mr. Koch remained employed by us through the end of 2006 (as he did), his annual bonus would be 100% of his base salary, and he would receive a lump sum payment of $2.4 million to settle out all his remaining payments under the LTIP through the expiration of that plan. Because those payments were guaranteed by a contract with Mr. Koch, they are, in accordance with the SEC's rules, reflected in the "Bonus" column of the Summary Compensation Table.
In accordance with an action of our Board in February 2007, we paid Mr. Frissora a special discretionary bonus of $250,000 in recognition of his efforts in connection with our initial public offering of common stock during 2006. This payment is reflected in the "Bonus" column of the Summary Compensation Table appearing above.
Long-Term Equity Incentives
In 2006, while still a private company, we established an equity investment and incentive program for our named executive officers and select other executives. Through this program we sought to instill in our named executive officers a true "ownership" culture, where they viewed themselves as equity stakeholders in our business, with a significant personal financial stake in the long-term increase in shareholder value. The main features of this program involved:
The actual number of options that we granted to a particular named executive officer was determined based on several factors, including the amount of his investment in our shares and our judgment as to the appropriate level of gain that an individual (based on his position with the company
129
and anticipated contribution to our success) should achieve if our share price increased to certain levels.
In the case of Mr. Koch, given the special circumstances surrounding his transition from the role of CEO and his retirement, all of the options we granted had an exercise price equal to the then-current fair market value and would generally vest or become exercisable over three years. Shortly after we granted Mr. Koch's stock options, we determined that the fair market value of our shares was higher than the value used when the options were granted; therefore, we cancelled those stock options and replaced them with options with a fair market value exercise price but otherwise identical terms.
We provided Messrs. Koch and Frissora the opportunity to invest in shares of our common stock at the same purchase price as that paid per share by our controlling shareholders when we were acquired from Ford Motor Company. We did this because we felt it was equitable in the light of the fact that all other named executive officers had purchased shares at that price only a few months earlier. In addition, in Mr. Koch's case, he had been employed by us continuously since the Acquisition, while in Mr. Frissora's case, such a purchase was part of the bargained-for consideration for his move to Hertz, in which he forfeited substantial equity incentive awards granted by his prior employer. When Messrs. Koch and Frissora purchased their shares, we determined that the fair market value per share was greater than that purchase price. Because the difference was taxable to them, we provided them with a payment equal to 80% of the difference between fair market value and their purchase price, to facilitate their payment of the related tax liability. This amount is reflected in the Summary Compensation Table under the column "All other compensation."
On June 30, 2006, we entered into the Hertz Holdings Loan Facility. We primarily used the proceeds of the Hertz Holdings Loan Facility, together with cash on hand, to pay special cash dividends of $4.32 per share, or approximately $999.2 million in the aggregate, to our common stockholders on June 30, 2006. In connection with the June 30 special cash dividend and the special cash dividend of approximately $1.12 per share of our common stock, or $260.3 million in the aggregate, that was paid upon the completion of our initial public offering to holders of record of our common stock on the dividend record date, our outstanding stock options (including options held by Messrs. Koch and Frissora) were adjusted to preserve the intrinsic value of the options, consistent with applicable tax law and the terms of the Stock Incentive Plan. We had an unrecognized stock-based compensation cost of approximately $28.3 million related to the cost of modifying the exercise prices of the stock options for the special cash dividends. This cost will be recognized over the remainder of the requisite service period that began on the grant dates.
All of the options issued to our named executive officers were issued under the Hertz Global Holdings, Inc. Stock Incentive Plan, or the "SIP," and are governed by the terms of the SIP and written option agreements entered into with the officers. The SIP and the related option agreements establish the exercise price of the options; the schedule on which the options vest; the period in which vested options may be exercised; the effect of termination of employment on the options; and the effect of a change in control, as defined in the SIP, on the options. Details regarding the grant dates, exercise prices and vesting schedules for options granted to our named executive officers are described in the Grants of Plan-Based Awards and Outstanding Equity Awards at Year-End tables below.
The options held by Mr. Koch are not affected by the termination of his employment (other than a termination for Cause, as defined in the SIP, or a termination of his employment prior to January 1, 2007), since they were granted in contemplation of his planned retirement on January 1, 2007. For the other named executive officers, except in the case of death or disability, the SIP and the related option agreements provide that upon termination of the officer's employment, all unvested options then held by the officer will immediately terminate, and all vested options may be exercised only for 60 days following termination (or 180 days if the termination is the result of retirement at "normal age").
130
The SIP generally defines a "Change in Control" as the acquisition by any person of 50% or more of the combined voting power of Hertz Holdings, then outstanding voting securities, the merger of Hertz Holdings if its stockholders immediately prior to the merger do not own more than 50% of the combined voting power of the merged entity, a majority of Hertz Holdings' incumbent directors ceasing to be directors within a 24 month period or the sale of all or substantially all the assets of Hertz Holdings to non-affiliates.
The SIP and the related option agreements for our named executive officers provide that upon a Change in Control, our Board may determine that their options will be honored or assumed, or new rights substituted for their options, so long as certain conditions are met; the honored or assumed options or other rights are referred to as an "Alternative Award." Those conditions are that the Alternative Award must provide rights and entitlements substantially equivalent to, or better than, those under the original options and also provide that if, within two years following the Change in Control, the holder's employment is involuntarily or constructively terminated other than for Cause, the Alternative Award will vest in full and the holder will either receive a cash payment equal to the excess of the fair market value of the stock subject to the Alternative Award on the date of surrender over the exercise price of the Alternative Award or have an immediate right to exercise the Alternative Award and receive publicly traded shares. To the extent that our Board does not make the determination to grant Alternative Awards, then the SIP and related option agreements for our named executive officers provide that their options, whether vested or unvested, will be cancelled in exchange for a payment equal to the excess of the per share consideration offered in the transaction giving rise to the Change in Control over the exercise price of the options.
The SIP further provides that in connection with a Change in Control, the benefits flowing to a holder of options, including any of our named executive officers, from the Change in Control provisions just described may not exceed the amount that, when taken with all other payments the holder may receive under any other plan, program or arrangement, would cause the holder to receive an "excess parachute payment" as that term is defined in Section 280G of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or the "Code." This limitation could materially reduce the benefits a named executive officer would otherwise receive with respect to his options in the event of a Change in Control, particularly if his employment were then being terminated and he were receiving severance payments under his employment or change in control agreement. For more details regarding payments to be made to named executive officers in the event of the termination of their employment, see "Employment and Change in Control Agreements" below.
The following table sets forth, for each named executive officer, the amount that would be payable to him under the SIP and his related option agreements if a Change in Control had occurred on December 31, 2006, our Board had not determined to grant Alternative Awards, the transaction giving rise to the Change in Control was a transaction subject to Section 280G of the Code and his employment was not terminated. (For the reasons discussed in the preceding paragraph, if the employment of a named executive officer was terminated on December 31, 2006, he might receive substantially less than the amount set forth below.)
Name |
Amount Payable |
||
---|---|---|---|
Mr. Koch | $ | 1,212,960 | |
Mr. Frissora | 12,928,000 | ||
Mr. Siracusa | 8,547,000 | ||
Mr. Nothwang | 8,547,000 | ||
Mr. Taride | 7,264,000 | ||
Mr. Plescia | 6,760,792 |
131
The following table sets forth, for each named executive officer, possible payouts under all non-equity incentive plan awards granted in 2006; all grants of plan-based option awards in 2006; the exercise or base price of all such option awards; the grant date fair value of all such option awards; and the incremental fair value of all such awards.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
All other stock awards: Number of shares of stock or units (#) |
All other option awards: Number of securities underlying options (#) |
|
Grant Date Fair Value of Stock and Option Awards (1)(2) ($) |
|
|||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Incre- mental Fair Value of Stock and Option Awards (1)(2) ($) |
||||||||||||||||
|
|
Estimated possible payouts under non-equity incentive plan awards |
Estimated future payouts under equity incentive plan |
Exercise or base price of option awards ($/Sh) |
|||||||||||||||||||||
Name |
Grant date |
Thres- hold ($) |
Target ($) |
Maxi- mum ($) |
Thres- hold ($) |
Target ($) |
Maxi- mum ($) |
||||||||||||||||||
Craig R. Koch | October 19, 2005 August 15, 2006 |
3,375,000 | 3,375,000 | 3,375,000 | 112,000 | 6.56 | (3)(a) | 388,000 | (4) | 287,000 | (4) | ||||||||||||||
Mark P. Frissora | July 10, 2006 August 15, 2006 August 15, 2006 August 15, 2006 |
950,000 | 950,000 | 1,900,000 | (5) | 800,000 400,000 400,000 |
6.56 9.56 14.56 |
(3)(a) (3)(b) (3)(c) |
9,600,000 4,020,000 3,328,000 |
672,000 324,000 236,000 |
|||||||||||||||
Paul J. Siracusa | February 15, 2006 May 5, 2006 May 18, 2006 May 18, 2006 May 18, 2006 |
0 | 667,500 | 1,335,000 | (5) | 200,000 300,000 200,000 200,000 |
4.56 4.56 9.56 14.56 |
(6)(d) (6)(d) (6)(e) (6)(f) |
1,126,000 1,689,000 764,000 606,000 |
412,000 618,000 308,000 210,000 |
|||||||||||||||
Joseph R. Nothwang | February 15, 2006 May 5, 2006 May 18, 2006 May 18, 2006 May 18, 2006 |
0 | 842,500 | 1,685,000 | (5) | 200,000 300,000 200,000 200,000 | 4.56 4.56 9.56 14.56 |
(6)(d) (6)(d) (6)(e) (6)(f) |
1,126,000 1,689,000 764,000 606,000 |
412,000 618,000 308,000 210,000 |
|||||||||||||||
Michel Taride | February 15, 2006 May 5, 2006 May 18, 2006 May 18, 2006 May 18, 2006 |
0 | 584,100 | 1,168,200 | (5) | 100,000 300,000 200,000 200,000 |