Edgar Filing: A10 Networks, Inc.

Document

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

Form 10-Q

(Mark One)



x	QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2018



¨	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to

Commission file number: 001-36343

A10 NETWORKS, INC.

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)



Delaware		20-1446869
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
3 West Plumeria Drive, San Jose, California 95134
(Address of Principal Executive Offices and Zip Code)

(408) 325-8668

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, Including Area Code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer	¨	Accelerated filer	x
Non-accelerated filer	¨	Smaller reporting company	¨
		Emerging growth company	x

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No x

As of October 25, 2018, the number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock, par value $0.00001 per share, was 73,798,417.

A10 NETWORKS, INC. FORM 10-Q TABLE OF CONTENTS

	Page No.
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION	2
Item 1. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited): (*)	2
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017	2
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (As Restated)	3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Loss for the Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (As Restated)	4
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 (As Restated)	5
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements	6
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	26
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	39
Item 4. Controls and Procedures	39
PART II. OTHER INFORMATION	43
Item 1. Legal Proceedings	43
Item 1A. Risk Factors	43
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	69
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities	69
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures	69
Item 5. Other Information	69
Item 6. Exhibits	70
Signatures	71

(*) The condensed consolidated financial statements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 have been restated as further discussed in Note 2. Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements of Part I, Item 1 in this report.

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

A10 NETWORKS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(unaudited, in thousands, except par value)



	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents	$	36,162		$	46,567
Marketable securities	87,391			84,567
Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $1,003 and $983, respectively	51,084			48,266
Inventory	15,102			17,577
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	13,266			6,825
Total current assets	203,005			203,802
Property and equipment, net	7,994			9,913
Goodwill	1,307			1,307
Intangible assets	4,108			5,190
Other non-current assets	8,380			4,646
Total assets	$	224,794		$	224,858
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable	$	9,630		$	9,033
Accrued liabilities	20,602			21,835
Deferred revenue	60,653			61,858
Total current liabilities	90,885			92,726
Deferred revenue, non-current	34,202			32,779
Other non-current liabilities	642			967
Total liabilities	125,729			126,472
Commitments and contingencies (Note 6)
Stockholders' equity:
Common stock, $0.00001 par value: 500,000 shares authorized; 72,707 and 71,692 shares issued and outstanding, respectively	1			1
Additional paid-in-capital	369,858			355,533
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(157		)	(123		)
Accumulated deficit	(270,637		)	(257,025		)
Total stockholders' equity	99,065			98,386
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity	$	224,794		$	224,858

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

A10 NETWORKS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(unaudited, in thousands, except per share amounts)



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
				As Restated, Note 2						As Restated, Note 2
Revenue:
Products	$	38,265		$	40,404		$	105,638		$	116,930
Services	22,237			21,601			64,760			62,982
Total revenue	60,502			62,005			170,398			179,912
Cost of revenue:
Products	8,790			9,357			24,979			28,124
Services	4,224			4,510			13,106			13,286
Total cost of revenue	13,014			13,867			38,085			41,410
Gross profit	47,488			48,138			132,313			138,502
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	24,539			26,930			77,231			78,754
Research and development	15,505			15,997			49,874			49,529
General and administrative	9,012			6,945			30,464			21,444
Total operating expenses	49,056			49,872			157,569			149,727
Loss from operations	(1,568		)	(1,734		)	(25,256		)	(11,225		)
Non-operating income (expense):
Interest expense	(34		)	(20		)	(99		)	(128		)
Interest and other income (expense), net	(131		)	(37		)	6			779
Total non-operating income (expense), net	(165		)	(57		)	(93		)	651
Loss before income taxes	(1,733		)	(1,791		)	(25,349		)	(10,574		)
Provision for income taxes	74			454			660			963
Net loss	$	(1,807	)	$	(2,245	)	$	(26,009	)	$	(11,537	)
Net loss per share:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.02	)	$	(0.03	)	$	(0.36	)	$	(0.17	)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share:
Basic and diluted	72,707			70,705			72,550			69,688

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

A10 NETWORKS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(unaudited, in thousands)



	Three Months Ended September 30,						Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017			2018			2017
				As Restated, Note 2						As Restated, Note 2
Net loss	$	(1,807	)	$	(2,245	)	$	(26,009	)	$	(11,537	)
Other comprehensive loss, net of tax:
Unrealized gain (loss) on marketable securities	64			29			(34		)	28
Comprehensive loss	$	(1,743	)	$	(2,216	)	$	(26,043	)	$	(11,509	)

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

A10 NETWORKS, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(unaudited, in thousands)



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017
				As Restated, Note 2
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(26,009	)	$	(11,537	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	6,020			6,222
Stock-based compensation	13,055			13,824
Other non-cash items	152			930
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable	(3,144		)	11,288
Inventory	1,550			(2,513		)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	(868		)	(2,785		)
Accounts payable	806			(1,243		)
Accrued and other liabilities	(1,482		)	(3,023		)
Deferred revenue	4,219			(1,245		)
Other	183			102
Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities	(5,518		)	10,020
Cash flows from investing activities:
Proceeds from sales of marketable securities	23,194			18,747
Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities	41,732			52,119
Purchases of marketable securities	(67,754		)	(69,580		)
Purchase of investment	(1,000		)	—
Purchases of property and equipment	(2,252		)	(4,223		)
Net cash used in investing activities	(6,080		)	(2,937		)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of common stock under employee equity incentive plans	1,269			7,665
Repurchases and retirement of common stock	—			(3,071		)
Payment of contingent consideration	—			(650		)
Other	(76		)	(83		)
Net cash provided by financing activities	1,193			3,861
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	(10,405		)	10,944
Cash and cash equivalents - beginning of period	46,567			28,975
Cash and cash equivalents - end of period	$	36,162		$	39,919
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
Inventory transfers to property and equipment	$	925		$	2,368
Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable	$	78		$	65

See accompanying notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements.

A10 Networks, Inc.

Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

(unaudited)

1. Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Description of Business

A10 Networks, Inc. (together with our subsidiaries, the “Company”, “we”, “our” or “us”) was incorporated in California in 2004 and reincorporated in Delaware in March 2014. We are headquartered in San Jose, California and have wholly-owned subsidiaries throughout the world including Asia and Europe.

We are a leading provider of secure application solutions and services that enable a new generation of intelligently connected companies with the ability to continuously improve cyber protection and digital responsiveness across dynamic Information Technology (“IT”) and network infrastructures. Our product portfolio seeks to address many of the aforementioned challenges and solution requirements. The portfolio consists of six secure application solutions; Thunder Application Delivery Controllers (“ADC”), Lightning Application Delivery Controller (“Lightning ADC”), Thunder Carrier Grade Network Address Translation (“CGN”), Thunder Threat Protection System (“TPS”), Thunder SSL Insight (“SSLi”) and Thunder Convergent Firewall (“CFW”), and two intelligent management and automation tools; Harmony Controller and aGalaxy. Our solutions are available in a variety of form factors, such as optimized hardware appliances, bare metal software, virtual appliances and cloud-native software.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements include those of A10 Networks, Inc. and its subsidiaries after elimination of all intercompany accounts and transactions.

We have prepared the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements pursuant to the rules and regulations of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). As permitted under these rules and regulations, we have condensed or omitted certain financial information and footnote disclosures we normally include in our annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”). The unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2017 has been derived from our audited financial statements, which are included in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 on file with the SEC (our “Annual Report”).

These financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as our annual financial statements and, in management’s opinion, reflect all adjustments consisting only of normal recurring adjustments that are necessary for a fair presentation of our financial information. Our interim period operating results do not necessarily indicate the results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full fiscal year.

These financial statements and accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the financial statements and accompanying notes thereto in our Annual Report.

Reclassifications

Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation in the condensed consolidated balance sheets and the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. We have separately presented the line items “Proceeds from sales of marketable securities” and “Proceeds from maturities of marketable securities” as opposed to our historical consolidated presentation of “Proceeds from sales and maturities of marketable securities” in the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2017.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the condensed consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Those estimates and assumptions affect revenue recognition and deferred revenue, the allowance for doubtful accounts, the sales return reserve, the valuation of inventory, the fair value of marketable securities, contingencies and litigation, acquisition related purchase price allocations, accrued liabilities, deferred commissions and the determination of fair value of stock-based compensation. These estimates are based on information available as of the date of the condensed consolidated financial statements; therefore, actual results could differ from management’s estimates.

Significant Accounting Policies

The Company’s significant accounting policies are disclosed in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. Other than the accounting policies related to the adoption of Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) discussed in Note 11 in this report, there have been no material changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies during the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

Concentration of Credit Risk and Significant Customers

Financial instruments that potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk consist of cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities and accounts receivable. Our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities are held and invested in high-credit quality financial instruments by recognized financial institutions and are subject to minimum credit risk.

Our accounts receivable are unsecured and represent amounts due to us based on contractual obligations of our customers. We mitigate credit risk in respect to accounts receivable by performing periodic credit evaluations based on a number of factors, including past transaction experience, evaluation of credit history and review of the invoicing terms of the contract. We generally do not require our customers to provide collateral to support accounts receivable.

Significant customers, including distribution channel partners and direct customers, are those which represent 10% or more of our total revenue for each period presented or our gross accounts receivable balance as of each respective balance sheet date. Revenues from our significant customers as a percentage of our total revenue are as follows:



	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018	2017	2018	2017
Customer A (a distribution channel partner)	16%	*	14%	10%
Customer B (a distribution channel partner)	*	11%	*	*
Customer C (a direct customer)	*	14%	*	10%

* represents less than 10% of total revenue

As of September 30, 2018, one customer accounted for 17% of our total gross accounts receivable. As of December 31, 2017, no customer accounted for 10% or more of our total gross accounts receivable.

Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance

In May 2017, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU No. 2017-09, Compensation-Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope of Modification Accounting, to provide guidance about which changes to the terms or conditions of a share-based payment award require an entity to apply modification accounting. This standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods within that reporting period. The amendments will be applied prospectively to an award modified on or after the adoption date. The adoption of ASU 2017-09 on January 1, 2018 did not impact our condensed consolidated financial statements or disclosures.

In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606), as subsequently amended, which supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) Topic 605, Revenue Recognition. This ASU requires an entity to recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This ASU also includes Subtopic 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs - Contracts with Customers, which requires the capitalization of incremental customer acquisition costs and amortization of these costs over the contract period or estimated customer life which resulted in the recognition of a deferred commission asset on our condensed consolidated balance sheet. We adopted ASU 2014-09 and its related amendments (collectively “ASC 606”) on January 1, 2018 using the modified retrospective method. See Note 11 in this report for disclosure on the impact of adopting this standard.

Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Effective

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, Leases (Topic 842). This new accounting standard primarily requires lessees to recognize most leases on their balance sheets but record expenses on their income statements in a manner similar to current accounting. For lessors, the guidance modifies the classification criteria and the accounting for sales-type and direct financing leases. In July 2018, FASB issued ASU No. 2018-11, Topic 842 - Targeted Improvements. The update requires modified retrospective transition, with the option to initially apply the new standard at the adoption date and recognize a cumulative-effect adjustment and elect various practical expedients. This standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2018 with early adoption permitted. We will adopt this standard effective January 1, 2019. We are evaluating the impact of this guidance on our condensed consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. We expect to apply the new transition method prescribed by ASU 2018-11 at the adoption date. We expect the most prominent impact on our condensed consolidated financial statements to be the recognition of right-of-use assets and lease liabilities for those leases classified as operating leases. We expect the standard to have a material impact on our condensed consolidated balance sheets, but an immaterial impact on our condensed consolidated statement of operations.

In March 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 2018-05, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Amendments to SEC Paragraphs Pursuant to SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin (SAB) No. 118. These amendments add SEC guidance to the FASB Accounting Standards Codification regarding the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act pursuant to the issuance of SAB 118. The amendments are effective upon addition to the FASB Codification. See Note 9 in this report for disclosures related to the effect of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and our utilization of SAB 118.

In August 2018, the SEC adopted the final rule under SEC Release No. 33-10532, Disclosure Update and Simplification, amending certain disclosure requirements that were redundant, duplicative, overlapping, outdated or superseded. In addition, the amendments expanded the disclosure requirements on the analysis of stockholders' equity for interim financial statements. Under the amendments, an analysis of changes in each caption of stockholders' equity presented in the balance sheet must be provided in a note or separate statement. The analysis should present a reconciliation of the beginning balance to the ending balance of each period for which a statement of comprehensive income is required to be filed. This final rule is effective on November 5, 2018. We are evaluating the impact of this guidance on our condensed consolidated financial statements and expect to adopt this guidance in the first quarter of 2019.

There are several other new accounting pronouncements issued by the FASB, which we will adopt. However, we do not believe any of those accounting pronouncements will have a material impact on our consolidated financial position, operating results or statements of cash flows.

2. Restatement of Previously Issued Consolidated Financial Statements

Restatement Background

Subsequent to the issuance of the condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2017, the Audit Committee of our Board of Directors (the “Audit Committee”) commenced an investigation (the “Investigation”) with the assistance of outside counsel relating to certain accounting and internal control matters at the Company, principally focused on certain revenue recognition matters from the fourth quarter of 2015 through the fourth quarter of 2017 inclusive. The investigation was conducted with the assistance of outside counsel and independent counsel. Counsel retained forensic accountants to assist with their work. The investigation commenced following the identification of violations of the Company's Insider Trading Policy and Code of Conduct by a mid-level employee within the finance department, and as a result it was determined that further review and procedures relating to certain accounting and internal control matters should be undertaken.

During the course of this Investigation, code of conduct breaches and accounting and financial reporting errors were identified. The matters primarily resulted in modification to the timing of the recognition of revenue in a limited number of sale transactions between the Company and its resellers and distributors. The Company determined the need to restate its interim condensed consolidated financial statements for each of the first three quarters of 2017, and the consolidated statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2016, including interim periods therein. The Company also adjusted the consolidated financial statements as of and for the year ended December 31, 2015 to correct identified immaterial errors.

Revenue Recognition Adjustments

During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, revenue on certain sale transactions was recognized prematurely in prior periods, as it was determined that there was an oversight or misuse of facts which indicated that the reseller’s or distributor’s price was not fixed or determinable, or that collectibility was not reasonably assured, because the reseller’s or distributor’s payment to the Company was contingent on resale of the product or the transaction included extended payment terms beyond the Company’s customary terms.

To correct these errors, the related revenue and cost of revenue were reversed in the period in which the accounting errors took place and have been recognized in subsequent periods when all of the revenue recognition criteria were met. Additionally, certain adjustments to accounts receivable, net of allowances, inventory, prepaid expenses and other assets and deferred revenue, current, were made to the condensed consolidated balance sheet at the end of the period in which the accounting errors occurred.

Other Adjustments

In addition to the restatement adjustments described above, we have identified other revenue and expense classification errors that are not material, individually or in the aggregate that have been corrected in connection with the restatement.

Tax effect of restatement adjustments

The Company recorded adjustments to its deferred taxes as a result of the restatement. The overall impact of the restatement is an increase to deferred taxes with the corresponding increase to the valuation allowance with no impact to the effective tax rate or income tax expense.

Impact of the Restatement

The following tables present the condensed consolidated statement of operations as previously reported, restatement adjustments and the condensed consolidated statement of operations as restated for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 (in thousands, except per share amounts):



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2017
	As Previously Reported			Revenue Recognition Adjustments		Other Adjustments			As Restated
Revenue:
Products	$	39,389		$	517	$	498		$	40,404
Services	22,030			69		(498		)	21,601
Total revenue	61,419			586		—			62,005
Cost of revenue:
Products	9,119			108		130			9,357
Services	4,640			—		(130		)	4,510
Total cost of revenue	13,759			108		—			13,867
Gross profit	$	47,660		$	478	$	—		$	48,138
Operating expenses:
General and administrative	$	6,878		$	67	$	—		$	6,945
Total operating expenses	$	49,805		$	67	$	—		$	49,872
Loss from operations	$	(2,145	)	$	411	$	—		$	(1,734	)
Loss before income taxes	$	(2,202	)	$	411	$	—		$	(1,791	)
Net loss	$	(2,656	)	$	411	$	—		$	(2,245	)
Net loss per share:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.04	)						$	(0.03	)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share:
Basic and diluted	70,705								70,705



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	As Previously Reported			Revenue Recognition Adjustments		Other Adjustments			As Restated
Revenue:
Products	$	111,195		$	4,467	$	1,268		$	116,930
Services	64,199			51		(1,268		)	62,982
Total revenue	175,394			4,518		—			179,912
Cost of revenue:
Products	26,973			814		337			28,124
Services	13,623			—		(337		)	13,286
Total cost of revenue	40,596			814		—			41,410
Gross profit	$	134,798		$	3,704	$	—		$	138,502
Operating expenses:
General and administrative	$	21,028		$	416	$	—		$	21,444
Total operating expenses	$	149,311		$	416	$	—		$	149,727
Loss from operations	$	(14,513	)	$	3,288	$	—		$	(11,225	)
Loss before income taxes	$	(13,862	)	$	3,288	$	—		$	(10,574	)
Net loss	$	(14,825	)	$	3,288	$	—		$	(11,537	)
Net loss per share:
Basic and diluted	$	(0.21	)						$	(0.17	)
Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share:
Basic and diluted	69,688								69,688

The following table presents the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows as previously reported, restatement adjustments, and the condensed consolidated statement of cash flows as restated for the nine months ended September 30, 2017 (in thousands):



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2017
	As Previously Reported			Revenue Recognition Adjustments			As Restated
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net loss	$	(14,825	)	$	3,288		$	(11,537	)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by operating activities:
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable, net	$	16,049		$	(4,761	)	$	11,288
Inventory	$	(3,242	)	$	729		$	(2,513	)
Prepaid expenses and other assets	$	(2,870	)	$	85		$	(2,785	)
Deferred revenue	$	(1,904	)	$	659		$	(1,245	)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	10,020		$	—		$	10,020

The only change to the condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017 as a result of the restatements is due to the changes in net loss. Refer to the condensed consolidated statement of comprehensive loss as restated.

3. Marketable Securities and Fair Value Measurements

Marketable Securities

Marketable securities, classified as available-for-sale, consisted of the following (in thousands):



	September 30, 2018									December 31, 2017
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value
Certificates of deposit	$	14,999	$	10	$	(1	)	$	15,008	$	17,000	$	6	$	(1	)	$	17,005
Corporate securities	47,419		7		(118		)	47,308		39,154		1		(76		)	39,079
U.S. Treasury and agency securities	3,747		—		(18		)	3,729		5,744		—		(19		)	5,725
Commercial paper	5,931		—		(3		)	5,928		9,225		1		(2		)	9,224
Asset-backed securities	15,452		—		(34		)	15,418		13,567		—		(33		)	13,534
	$	87,548	$	17	$	(174	)	$	87,391	$	84,690	$	8	$	(131	)	$	84,567

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, we did not reclassify any amount to earnings from accumulated other comprehensive loss related to unrealized gains or losses.

The following table summarizes the cost and estimated fair value of marketable securities based on stated effective maturities as of September 30, 2018 (in thousands):



	Amortized Cost		Fair Value
Less than 1 year	$	54,749	$	54,668
Mature in 1 - 3 years	32,799		32,723
	$	87,548	$	87,391

All available-for-sale securities have been classified as current because they are available for use in current operations.

Marketable securities in an unrealized loss position consisted of the following (in thousands):



	Less Than 12 Months					12 Months or More					Total
As of September 30, 2018	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
Certificates of deposit	$	2,999	$	(1	)	$	—	$	—		$	2,999	$	(1	)
Corporate securities	38,550		(110		)	2,143		(8		)	40,693		(118		)
U.S. Treasury and agency securities	1,731		(16		)	1,998		(2		)	3,729		(18		)
Commercial paper	4,940		(3		)	—		—			4,940		(3		)
Asset-backed securities	8,463		(19		)	5,562		(15		)	14,025		(34		)
	$	56,683	$	(149	)	$	9,703	$	(25	)	$	66,386	$	(174	)



	Less Than 12 Months					12 Months or More					Total
As of December 31, 2017	Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Gross Unrealized Losses
Certificates of deposit	$	2,999	$	(1	)	$	—	$	—		$	2,999	$	(1	)
Corporate securities	36,079		(74		)	1,499		(2		)	37,578		(76		)
U.S. Treasury and agency securities	2,246		(2		)	3,479		(17		)	5,725		(19		)
Commercial paper	4,232		(2		)	—		—			4,232		(2		)
Asset-backed securities	11,415		(32		)	728		(1		)	12,143		(33		)
	$	56,971	$	(111	)	$	5,706	$	(20	)	$	62,677	$	(131	)

Based on evaluation of securities that have been in a continuous loss position, we did not recognize any other-than-temporary impairment charges during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

Fair Value Measurements

The following is a summary of our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis (in thousands):



	September 30, 2018								December 31, 2017
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Cash	$	25,688	$	—	$	—	$	25,688	$	34,453	$	—	$	—	$	34,453
Cash equivalents	10,474		—		—		10,474		12,114		—		—		12,114
Certificates of deposit	—		15,008		—		15,008		—		17,005		—		17,005
Corporate securities	—		47,308		—		47,308		—		39,079		—		39,079
U.S. Treasury and agency securities	—		3,729		—		3,729		—		5,725		—		5,725
Commercial paper	—		5,928		—		5,928		—		9,224		—		9,224
Asset-backed securities	—		15,418		—		15,418		—		13,534		—		13,534
	$	36,162	$	87,391	$	—	$	123,553	$	46,567	$	84,567	$	—	$	131,134

There were no transfers between Level 1 and Level 2 fair value measurement categories during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017.

4. Condensed Consolidated Financial Statement Details

Inventory

Inventory consisted of the following (in thousands):



	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Raw materials	$	6,118	$	6,643
Finished goods	8,984		10,934
Total inventory	$	15,102	$	17,577

Property and Equipment, Net

Property and equipment, net, consisted of the following (in thousands):



	Useful Life	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
	(in years)
Equipment	1-3	$	49,930		$	47,817
Software	1-3	4,033			3,988
Furniture and fixtures	1-3	951			950
Leasehold improvements	2-8	3,836			3,824
Construction in progress		284			—
Property and equipment, gross		59,034			56,579
Less: accumulated depreciation		(51,040		)	(46,666		)
Property and equipment, net		$	7,994		$	9,913

Depreciation expense on property and equipment was $1.5 million for each of the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, and $4.9 million and $5.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Intangible Assets

Purchased intangible assets, net, consisted of the following (in thousands):



	September 30, 2018							December 31, 2017
	Cost		Accumulated Amortization			Net		Cost		Accumulated Amortization			Net
Developed technology	$	5,050	$	(2,273	)	$	2,777	$	5,050	$	(1,515	)	$	3,535
Patents	2,936		(1,605		)	1,331		2,936		(1,281		)	1,655
Total	$	7,986	$	(3,878	)	$	4,108	$	7,986	$	(2,796	)	$	5,190

Amortization expense related to purchased intangible assets was $0.4 million for each of the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, and $1.1 million for each of the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017. Purchased intangible assets will be amortized over a remaining weighted average useful life of 2.9 years.

Future amortization expense for purchased intangible assets as of September 30, 2018 is as follows (in thousands):



Fiscal Year
Remainder of 2018	$	361
2019	1,442
2020	1,442
2021	863
	$	4,108

Accrued Liabilities

Accrued liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):



	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
Accrued compensation and benefits	$	12,003	$	13,828
Accrued tax liabilities	3,632		2,985
Other	4,967		5,022
Total accrued liabilities	$	20,602	$	21,835

Deferred Revenue

Deferred revenue consisted of the following (in thousands):



	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2017
Deferred revenue:
Products	$	5,109		$	6,161
Services	89,746			88,476
Total deferred revenue	94,855			94,637
Less: current portion	(60,653		)	(61,858		)
Non-current portion	$	34,202		$	32,779

5. Credit Facility

In November 2016, we entered into a loan and security agreement (the “2016 Credit Facility”) with Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”) as the lender. The 2016 Credit Facility provides a three-year, $25.0 million revolving credit facility, which includes a maximum of $25.0 million letter of credit subfacility. When the balance of our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities minus outstanding revolving loans and letters of credit equals or exceeds $50.0 million, loans may be advanced under the 2016 Credit Facility up to the full $25.0 million. When our net cash falls below $50.0 million, loans may be advanced under the 2016 Credit Facility based on a borrowing base equal to a specified percentage of the value of our eligible accounts receivable. The loans bear interest, at our option, at (i) the prime rate reported in The Wall Street Journal, minus 0.50% or (ii) a LIBOR rate determined in accordance with the 2016 Credit Facility, plus 2.50%. We are required to pay customary closing fees, commitment fees and letter of credit fees for a facility of this size and type.

In September 2018, we entered into an amendment with SVB to reduce the unused revolving credit facility fee on the 2016 Credit Facility from 0.4% to 0.3%.

Our obligations under the 2016 Credit Facility are secured by substantially all of our assets, excluding our intellectual property. The 2016 Credit Facility contains customary affirmative and negative covenants. In addition, the 2016 Credit Facility requires us to maintain compliance with an adjusted quick ratio of not less than 1.50:1.00, as determined in accordance with the 2016 Credit Facility. As of September 30, 2018, we had no outstanding balance under the 2016 Credit Facility and were in compliance with all facility covenants.

6. Commitments and Contingencies

Legal Proceedings

Litigation

From time to time, we may be party or subject to various legal proceedings and claims, either asserted or unasserted, which arise in the ordinary course of business. Some of these proceedings involve claims that are subject to substantial uncertainties and unascertainable damages. We make a provision for a liability when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Unless otherwise specifically disclosed in this note, we have determined that no provision for liability nor disclosure is required related to any claim against us because: (a) there is not a reasonable possibility that a loss exceeding amounts already recognized (if any) may be incurred with respect to such claim; (b) a reasonably possible loss or range of loss cannot be estimated; or (c) such estimate is immaterial.

On March 22, 2018, the Company, our Chief Executive Officer, our Chief Financial Officer, and certain former officers, were named as defendants in a putative class action lawsuit filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, captioned Shah v. A10 Networks, Inc. et al., 3:18-cv-01772-VC (the “Securities Action”). On August 31, 2018, the court appointed a lead plaintiff. On October 5, 2018, the lead plaintiff filed an amended complaint. The amended complaint names the same defendants as the initial complaint, in addition to one of the Company’s former executive vice presidents. The amended complaint asserts claims under Sections 10(b) and 20(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 10b-5 promulgated thereunder.

On May 30, 2018, certain of our current and former directors and officers were named as defendants in a putative shareholder derivative lawsuit filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, captioned Moulton v. Chen et al., 3:18-cv-03223-VC (the “Derivative Action”). We were also named as a nominal defendant. The complaint in the Derivative Action alleges breaches of fiduciary duties and other related claims in connection with purported misrepresentations related to internal controls and revenues and failures to ensure that financial statements were made in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Plaintiff seeks unspecified damages allegedly sustained by the Company, restitution, and other relief. On July 11, 2018 the Derivative Action was stayed until a motion to dismiss in the Securities Action is granted with prejudice or denied in whole or in part. Defendants are not required to move or otherwise respond to the current complaint.

On October 24, 2018, the Company was sued in the Federal District Court for the Northern District of California by Firenet Technologies, LLC, which we believe is a non-practicing patent holding company. The complaint alleges infringement of certain patents purportedly owned by the plaintiff. The Company is currently evaluating the matter and intends to vigorously defend the lawsuit, but the Company is unable to reasonably estimate a possible loss or range of possible loss, if any, arising from this matter at this early stage. Accordingly, no accrued litigation expense has been recorded in the accompanying condensed consolidated financial statements.

Investigations

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) is conducting a private investigation into possible violations of Section 17(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 and Sections 10(b), 13(a), and 13(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (“Exchange Act”) and Rules 10b-5, 12b-20, 13a-1, 13a-11, 13a-13, 13a-14, 13a-15, and 13b2-1 thereunder. The Company is cooperating with the SEC regarding this investigation. The Company is unable to predict the duration, scope or outcome of the investigation, but an adverse outcome is reasonably possible. In such an event, the Company could be required to pay fines and sanctions and/or implement additional remedial measures. However, the Company is not able to estimate the likelihood or a reasonable range of possible loss.

Lease Commitments

We lease various operating spaces in the United States, Asia and Europe under non-cancelable operating lease arrangements that expire on various dates through April 2022. These arrangements require us to pay certain operating expenses, such as taxes, repairs and insurance, and contain renewal and escalation clauses. We recognize rent expense under these arrangements on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease.

Guarantees and Indemnifications

In the normal course of business, we provide indemnifications to customers against claims of intellectual property infringement made by third parties arising from the use of our products. Other guarantees or indemnification arrangements include guarantees of product and service performance, and standby letters of credit for lease facilities and corporate credit cards. We have not recorded a liability related to these indemnification and guarantee provisions and our guarantees and indemnification arrangements have not had any significant impact on our consolidated financial statements to date.

7. Equity Incentive Plans and Stock-Based Compensation

Equity Incentive Plans

2014 Equity Incentive Plan

The 2014 Equity Incentive Plan (the “2014 Plan”) provides for the granting of stock options, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units (“RSUs”), performance-based RSUs (“PSUs”), stock appreciation rights, performance units and performance shares to our employees, consultants and members of our board of directors. In June 2015, our board of directors adopted and our stockholders approved an amendment and restatement of the 2014 Plan, which increased the number of shares available for issuance under the 2014 Plan by the number of shares granted under the 2008 Stock Plan (the “2008 Plan”) that were or may in the future be canceled or otherwise forfeited or repurchased after March 20, 2014. A maximum of 8,310,566 shares may become available from such awards granted under the 2008 Plan for issuance under the 2014 Plan.

The shares authorized for the 2014 Plan increase annually by the least of (i) 8,000,000 shares, (ii) 5% of the outstanding shares of common stock on the last day of our immediately preceding fiscal year, or (iii) such other amount as determined by our Board of Directors. Accordingly, on January 1, 2018, the number of shares in the 2014 Plan increased by 3,584,623 shares, representing 5% of the prior year end’s common stock outstanding. As of September 30, 2018, we had a total of 11,580,435 shares available for future grant.

2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan

The 2014 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (the “2014 Purchase Plan”) provides for twenty-four month offering periods with four six-month purchase periods in each offering period. Employees purchase shares in each purchase period at 85% of the market value of our common stock at the beginning of the offering period or the end of the purchase period, whichever is lower. If the market value of our common stock at the end of the purchase period is less than the market value at the beginning of the offering period, participants will be withdrawn from the then current offering period following their purchase of shares, and automatically will be enrolled in the immediately following offering period. Participants may contribute up to 15% of their eligible compensation, subject to certain limits. As of September 30, 2018, we had 3,065,182 shares available for future issuance under the 2014 Purchase Plan.

The 2014 Purchase Plan was suspended effective March 16, 2018 due to the delay of the Form 10-K filing for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017. Accordingly, there were no stock purchases under the 2014 Purchase Plan during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. In October 2018, the Board approved amending our 2014 Purchase Plan in order to, among other things, reduce the maximum contribution participants can make under the plan from 15% to 10% of eligible compensation. Our 2014 Purchase Plan as amended also reflects revised offering periods, which were changed from 24 to six months in duration and that begin on or about December 1 and June 1 each year, starting in December 2018.

Stock-Based Compensation

A summary of our stock-based compensation expense is as follows (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
Stock-based compensation by type of award:
Stock options	$	291	$	589	$	922	$	2,199
Stock awards	2,042		2,969		6,976		9,269
Employee stock purchase rights ⁽¹⁾	—		987		5,157		2,356
	$	2,333	$	4,545	$	13,055	$	13,824

Stock-based compensation by category of expense:
Cost of revenue	$	187	$	403	$	1,277	$	1,068
Sales and marketing	619		1,696		4,085		5,120
Research and development	960		1,537		5,345		5,024
General and administrative	567		909		2,348		2,612
	$	2,333	$	4,545	$	13,055	$	13,824


(1)	Amount for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 includes $4.1 million of accelerated stock-based compensation expense. In March 2018, as a result of a suspension of the 2014 Purchase Plan due to our non-timely filing status, all unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to ESPP was accelerated and recognized within the condensed consolidated statement of operations.

As of September 30, 2018, we had $18.4 million of unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to unvested stock-based awards which will be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.9 years.

Stock Options

The following tables summarize our stock option activities and related information:



	Number of Shares (thousands)		Weighted-Average Exercise Price		Weighted-Average Remaining Contractual Term (years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (thousands)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2017	6,018		$	5.18
Granted	—		$	—
Exercised	(359	)	$	3.54
Canceled ⁽¹⁾	(314	)	$	8.84
Outstanding as of September 30, 2018	5,345		$	5.07	4.3	$	8,455
Vested and exercisable as of September 30, 2018	4,795		$	4.90	3.9	$	8,201


(1)	Includes 249,491 shares of canceled stock options from the 2008 Plan that became available for issuance under the 2014 Plan.

As of September 30, 2018, the aggregate intrinsic value represents the excess of the closing price of our common stock of $6.08 over the exercise price of the outstanding in-the-money options.

The intrinsic value of options exercised was $1.1 million and $7.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

Stock Awards

We have granted RSUs to our employees, consultants and members of our board of directors, and PSUs and market performance-based restricted stock units (“MSUs”) to certain executives.

In 2014 and 2015, we granted 540,000 MSUs and 40,000 MSUs, respectively, to certain executives. These MSUs will vest if the closing price of our common stock remains above certain predetermined target prices for 20 consecutive trading days within a 4-year period following the grant date, subject to continued service by the award holder. None of these MSUs were vested as of September 30, 2018.

In February 2016, we granted 547,000 PSUs with certain financial and operational targets. Actual performance, as measured at the time and prior to the restatement of the 2016 financial statements, resulted in participants achieving 80% of target. Given the PSUs did not contain explicit or implicit claw back rights, there was no change to stock-based compensation expense for the impact of the restatement. As of September 30, 2018, 178,402 shares had vested, 181,600 shares were forfeited, and the remaining shares will vest in annual tranches through February 2020 subject to continued service vesting requirements.

In October 2016, we granted 60,641 PSUs with certain financial and operational targets. To the extent they become eligible to vest upon achievement of the performance targets, these PSUs additionally are subject to service condition vesting requirements with scheduled vesting dates of March 2017 through June 2018. As of September 30, 2018, 30,320 shares were vested and 30,321 shares were forfeited.

The following table summarizes our stock award activities and related information:



	Number of Shares (thousands)		Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value		Weighted-Average Remaining Vesting Term (years)
Unvested as of December 31, 2017	5,568		$	6.88
Granted	99		$	6.86
Released	(656	)	$	6.44
Canceled	(854	)	$	7.38
Unvested as of September 30, 2018	4,157		$	6.85	1.1

The aggregate fair value of stock awards released as of the respective vesting dates was $4.3 million and $12.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively.

In October 2018, upon the resumption of timely filings with the SEC, we resumed our equity plan activities and granted approximately 3.1 million stock awards and 0.3 million stock options to our employees.

Stock Repurchase Program

On October 23, 2017, our board of directors authorized a share repurchase program for up to $20.0 million of our common stock over 12 months. Under the repurchase authorization, shares may be purchased from time to time, subject to general business and market conditions and other investment opportunities, through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or other means. The repurchase authorization may be commenced, suspended or discontinued at any time at our discretion. No shares were repurchased under this repurchase program as of September 30, 2018. Our share repurchase program expired in October 2018.

8. Net Loss Per Share

Basic net loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period plus potential dilutive common shares, including stock options, RSUs and employee stock purchase rights, unless the potential common shares are anti-dilutive. Since we had net losses in the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, none of the potential dilutive common shares were included in the computation of diluted shares for these periods, as inclusion of such shares would have been anti-dilutive.

The following table presents common shares related to potentially dilutive shares excluded from the calculation of diluted net loss per share as their effect would have been anti-dilutive (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,		Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018	2017	2018	2017
Stock options, RSUs and employee stock purchase rights	8,546	10,071	9,395	12,587

9. Income Taxes

We recorded income tax expense of $0.1 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $0.7 million and $1.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, which primarily consisted of foreign taxes. Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities in the financial statements and their respective tax bases using tax rates expected to be in effect during the years in which the basis differences reverse.

We believe it is more likely than not that our federal and state net deferred tax assets will not be fully realized. In assessing the realizability of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of our deferred tax assets will be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependent upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which those temporary differences become deductible. A valuation allowance is recorded for loss carryforwards and other deferred tax assets where it is more likely than not that such deferred tax assets will not be realized. Accordingly, we continue to maintain a valuation allowance against all of our U.S. and certain foreign net deferred tax assets as of September 30, 2018. We will continue to maintain a full valuation allowance against our net federal, state and certain foreign deferred tax assets until there is sufficient evidence to support recoverability of our deferred tax assets.

We had $3.8 million of unrecognized tax benefits as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017. We do not anticipate a material change to our unrecognized tax benefits over the next twelve months. Unrecognized tax benefits may change during the next twelve months for items that arise in the ordinary course of business.

Accrued interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits are recognized as part of our income tax provision in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

We are subject to taxation in the United States, various states, and several foreign jurisdictions. Because we have net operating loss and credit carryforwards, there are open statutes of limitations in which federal, state and foreign taxing authorities may examine our tax returns for all years from 2004 through the current period. We are not currently under examination by any taxing authorities.

The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act

In December 2017, the United States enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (“TCJA”), which instituted fundamental changes to the taxation of multinational corporations, including, but not limited to: (1) a reduction of the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate to 21% for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017; (2) a requirement for companies to pay a one-time transition tax on certain unremitted earnings of foreign subsidiaries; and, (3) the transition of international taxation from a worldwide tax system to a territorial system.

On December 22, 2017, the SEC staff issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) to address the application of GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the TCJA. For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, the accounting for the TCJA remained incomplete, but there were no material changes to the provisional tax impacts assessed for the year ended December 31, 2017. The ultimate impact may materially differ from these provisional amounts due to, among other things, additional analysis, changes in interpretations and assumptions the Company has made, additional regulatory guidance that may be issued, and actions the Company may take as a result of the TCJA. The accounting is expected to be completed when the 2017 U.S. corporate income tax return is filed in 2018.

10. Geographic Information

The following table depicts the disaggregation of revenue by geographic region based on the ship to location of our customers and is consistent with how we evaluate our financial performance (in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018		2017		2018		2017
United States	$	27,003	$	28,951	$	78,124	$	92,140
Japan	14,023		16,634		38,971		38,119
Asia Pacific, excluding Japan	9,331		7,171		27,436		25,594
EMEA	8,119		6,117		20,038		18,535
Other	2,026		3,132		5,829		5,524
	$	60,502	$	62,005	$	170,398	$	179,912

The following table is a summary of our long-lived assets which include property and equipment, net based on the physical location of the assets (in thousands):



	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2017
United States	$	6,080	$	7,733
Japan	1,210		1,510
Other	704		670
Total	$	7,994	$	9,913

11. Revenue

ASC 606 Adoption Impact

On January 1, 2018, we adopted ASC 606 applying the modified retrospective method. We recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying the new guidance as an adjustment to the opening balance of accumulated deficit as of the adoption date. We applied ASC 606 to all contracts that were not completed at the date of initial application. Comparative information for prior periods has not been restated and continues to be reported under the accounting standards in effect for those periods. In connection with the adoption of ASC 606, we also adopted ASC 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs - Contracts with Customers, which requires the deferral of incremental costs of obtaining a contract with a customer. Collectively, we refer to ASC 606 and ASC 340-40 as the “new standard.”

Adoption of the new standard resulted in changes to our accounting policies for revenue recognition, commissions and deferred commissions as discussed below. We recorded a reduction to opening accumulated deficit of $12.4 million as of January 1, 2018 due to the cumulative impact of adopting the new standard as follows:


•	A decrease in total deferred revenue of $4.0 million primarily due to the removal of the current limitation on contingent revenue that would have accelerated revenue recognition for certain of our historical revenue contracts; and


•	Recognition of a deferred commissions asset of $8.4 million due to the requirement under the new standard to recognize incremental customer acquisition costs in our condensed consolidated statement of operations as the related performance obligations are met as compared to the previous recognition to expense as incurred.

Impact on the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements

The following tables summarize the impact of the new standard on our condensed consolidated statement of balance sheet and condensed consolidated of operations for the period presented:

Selected Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet Line Items



	September 30, 2018
(in thousands)	As Reported			Adjustments Increase (Decrease)			Balance Without Adopting the New Standard
Assets
Prepaid expenses and other current assets	$	13,266		$	(5,824	)	$	7,442
Other non-current assets	8,380			(3,000		)	5,380
Liabilities
Deferred revenue, current	60,653			3,164			63,817
Deferred revenue, non-current	34,202			2,220			36,422
Stockholders' Equity
Accumulated deficit	(270,637		)	(14,208		)	(284,845		)

Selected Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations Line Items



	Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	As Reported			Adjustments Increase (Decrease)			Balance Without Adopting the New Standard
Revenue - products	$	38,265		$	(475	)	$	37,790
Revenue - services	22,237			—			22,237
Total revenue	60,502			(475		)	60,027
Gross profit	47,488			(475		)	47,013
Sales and marketing	24,539			292			24,831
Total operating expenses	49,056			292			49,348
Loss from operations	(1,568		)	(767		)	(2,335		)
Net loss	(1,807		)	(767		)	(2,574		)
Basic and diluted net loss per share	(0.02		)				(0.04		)



	Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
(in thousands, except per share amounts)	As Reported			Adjustments Increase (Decrease)			Balance Without Adopting the New Standard
Revenue - products	$	105,638		$	(1,384	)	$	104,254
Revenue - services	64,760			—			64,760
Total revenue	170,398			(1,384		)	169,014
Gross profit	132,313			(1,384		)	130,929
Sales and marketing	77,231			420			77,651
Total operating expenses	157,569			420			157,989
Loss from operations	(25,256		)	(1,804		)	(27,060		)
Net loss	(26,009		)	(1,804		)	(27,813		)
Basic and diluted net loss per share	(0.36		)				(0.38		)

Changes in Accounting Policies

Revenue Recognition

We derive revenue from two sources: (i) products revenue, which includes hardware, perpetual software license and subscription revenue; and (ii) services revenue, which includes post contract support (“PCS”), professional services, and training. A substantial portion of our revenue is from sales of our products and services through distribution channel partners, such as resellers and distributors. Revenue is recognized, net of applicable taxes, upon transfer of control of promised products or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to receive in exchange for those products or services. We apply the following five-step revenue recognition model:


•	Identification of the contract, or contracts, with a customer


•	Identification of the performance obligations in the contract


•	Determination of the transaction price


•	Allocation of the transaction price to the performance obligations in the contract


•	Recognition of revenue when, or as, performance obligations are satisfied.

PCS revenue includes arrangements for software support and technical support for our products. PCS is offered under renewable, fee-based contracts, which include technical support, hardware repair and replacement parts, bug fixes, patches, and unspecified upgrades on a when-and-if available basis. Revenue for PCS services is recognized on a straight-line basis over the service contract term, which is typically one year, but can be up to five years as there is no discernable pattern of transfer related to these promises. Billed but unearned PCS revenue is included in deferred revenue.

Professional service revenue primarily consists of the fees we earn related to installation and consulting services. We recognize revenue from professional services upon delivery or completion of performance. Professional service arrangements are typically short term in nature and are largely completed within 30 to 90 days from the start of service. Revenue is recognized for training when the training course is delivered.

Contracts with Multiple Performance Obligations

Most of our contracts with customers, other than renewals of PCS, contain multiple performance obligations with a combination of products and PCS. Products and PCS generally qualify as distinct performance obligations. Our hardware includes embedded ACOS software, which together deliver the essential functionality of our products. For contracts which contain multiple performance obligations, we allocate revenue to each distinct performance obligation based on the standalone selling price (“SSP”). Judgment is required to determine the SSP for each distinct performance obligation. We use a range of amounts to estimate SSP for products and PCS sold together in a contract to determine whether there is a discount to be allocated based on the relative SSP of the various products and PCS.

If we do not have an observable SSP, such as when we do not sell a product or service separately, then SSP is estimated using judgment and considering all reasonably available information such as market conditions and information about the size and/or purchase volume of the customer. We generally use a range of amounts to estimate SSP for individual products and services based on multiple factors including, but not limited to the sales channel (reseller, distributor or end customer), the geographies in which our products and services are sold, and the size of the end customer.

We account for multiple contracts with a single partner as one arrangement if the contractual terms and/or substance of those agreements indicate that they may be so closely related that they are, in effect, parts of a single contract.

We may occasionally accept returns to address customer satisfaction issues even though there is generally no contractual provision for such returns. We estimate returns for sales to customers based on historical returns rates applied against current-period shipments. Specific customer returns and allowances are considered when determining our sales return reserve estimate.

Our policy applies to the accounting for individual contracts. However, we have elected a practical expedient to apply the guidance to a portfolio of contracts or performance obligations with similar characteristics so long as such application would not differ materially from applying the guidance to the individual contracts (or performance obligations) within that portfolio.

Consequently, we have chosen to apply the portfolio approach when possible, which we do not believe will happen frequently. Additionally, we will evaluate a portfolio of data, when possible, in various situations, including accounting for commissions, rights of return and transactions with variable consideration.

We report revenue net of sales taxes. We include shipping charges billed to customers in revenue and the related shipping costs are included in cost of product revenue.

Contract Balances

The following table reflects contract balances with customers (in thousands):



		As of		As of Adoption
	Balance Sheet Line Reference	September 30, 2018		January 1, 2018
Accounts receivable, net	Accounts receivables, net	$	51,084	$	48,266
Deferred revenue, current	Deferred revenue	60,653		59,360
Deferred revenue, non-current	Deferred revenue, non-current	34,202		31,276

We receive payments from customers based upon billing cycles. Invoice payment terms are usually ranging from 30 to 90 days.

Accounts receivable are recorded when the right to consideration becomes unconditional.

Contract assets include amounts related to our contractual right to consideration for performance obligations not yet billed and are included in prepaid and other current assets in the condensed consolidated balance sheets. The amount is immaterial as of September 30, 2018 and as of the adoption date.

Deferred revenue primarily consists of amounts that have been invoiced but not yet been recognized as revenue and consists of performance obligations pertaining to support and subscription services. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recognized revenue of $13.2 million and $49.9 million, respectively, related to deferred revenues at the beginning of the period.

Deferred Contract Acquisition Costs

In connection with the adoption of ASC 340-40, we capitalize certain contract acquisition costs consisting of incremental sales commissions incurred to obtain customer contracts. Deferred commissions related to product revenues are recognized upon transfer of control to customers. Deferred commissions related to services revenue are recognized as the related performance obligations are met. Deferred commissions that will be recognized during the succeeding 12-month period are recorded as prepaid expenses and other current assets, and the remaining portion is recorded as other non-current assets. Amortization of deferred commissions is included in sales and marketing expense.

Deferred contract acquisition costs were $8.8 million as of September 30, 2018, and the related amortization amount was $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and $4.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

We had no impairment loss in relation to the costs capitalized and no asset impairment charges related to contract assets.

Remaining Performance Obligations

Remaining performance obligations represent contracted revenues that are non-cancellable and have not yet been recognized due to unsatisfied or partially satisfied performance obligations, which includes deferred revenues and amounts that will be invoiced and recognized as revenues in future periods.

We expect to recognize revenue on the remaining performance obligations as follows (in thousands):



	September 30, 2018
Within 1 year	$	60,653
Next 2 to 3 years	28,350
Thereafter	5,852
Total	$	94,855


ITEM 2.	MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations (“MD&A”) should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this document. In addition to historical information, the MD&A contains forward-looking statements. The words “believe,” “may,” “will,” “potentially,” “estimate,” “continue,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “could,” “would,” “project,” “plan” “expect,” and similar expressions that convey uncertainty of future events or outcomes are intended to identify forward-looking statements.

These forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements concerning the following:


•	our ability to provide customers with improved benefits relating to their applications;


•	our ability to maintain an adequate rate of revenue growth;


•	our ability to successfully anticipate market needs and opportunities;


•	our business plan and our ability to effectively manage our growth;


•	our ability to timely file financial, periodic and current reports required by the Exchange Act;


•	loss or delay of expected purchases by our largest end-customers;


•	our ability to further penetrate our existing customer base;


•	our ability to displace existing products in established markets;


•	continued growth in markets relating to network security;


•	our ability to timely and effectively scale and adapt our existing technology;


•	our ability to innovate new products and bring them to market in a timely manner;


•	our ability to expand internationally;


•	the effects of increased competition in our market and our ability to compete effectively;


•	the effects of seasonal trends on our results of operations;


•	our expectations concerning relationships with third parties;


•	the attraction and retention of qualified employees and key personnel;


•	our ability to achieve or maintain profitability while continuing to invest in our sales, marketing and research and development teams;


•	variations in product mix or geographic locations of our sales;


•	fluctuations in currency exchange rates;


•	increased cost requirements of being a public company and future sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public markets;


•	the cost and potential outcomes of litigation;


•	our ability to maintain, protect, and enhance our brand and intellectual property;


•	future acquisitions of or investments in complementary companies, products, services or technologies;


•	our ability to effectively integrate operations of entities we have acquired or may acquire; and


•	actions relating to the remediation of identified material weaknesses.

These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, including those described in “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. Moreover, we operate in a very competitive and rapidly changing environment, and new risks emerge from time to time. It is not possible for our management to predict all risks, nor can we assess the impact of all factors on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements we may make. In light of these risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, the forward-looking events and circumstances discussed in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements.

You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee that the future results, levels of activity, performance or events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will be achieved or occur. Moreover, neither we nor any other person assumes responsibility for the accuracy and completeness of the forward-looking statements. We undertake no obligation to update publicly any forward-looking statements for any reason after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q to conform these statements to actual results or to changes in our expectations, except as required by law.

Our investor relations Web site is located at https://investors.a10networks.com. We intend to use our investor relations Web site as a means of disclosing material non-public information and for complying with our disclosure obligations under Regulation FD. Accordingly, investors should monitor this portion of our Web site, in addition to following press releases, SEC filings and public conference calls and webcasts. We also make available, free of charge, on our investor relations Web site under “SEC Filings,” our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to these reports as soon as reasonably practicable after electronically filing or furnishing those reports to the SEC.

Overview

We are a leading provider of secure application solutions and services that enable a new generation of intelligently connected companies with the ability to continuously improve cyber protection and digital responsiveness across dynamic Information Technology (“IT”) and network infrastructures. Our portfolio of software and hardware solutions combines industry-leading performance and scale with advanced intelligent automation, machine learning, data driven analytics, and threat intelligence to ensure security and availability of customer applications across their multi-cloud networks, including on-premise, private and public clouds. As the cyber threat landscape intensifies and network architectures evolve, we are committed to providing customers with greater connected intelligence to improve the security, visibility, availability, flexibility, management and performance of their applications. Our customers include leading cloud providers, web-scale businesses, service providers, government organizations and enterprises.

Our product portfolio seeks to address many of the aforementioned challenges and solution requirements. The portfolio consists of six secure application solutions; Thunder Application Delivery Controllers (“ADC”), Lightning Application Delivery Controller (“Lightning ADC”), Thunder Carrier Grade Network Address Translation (“CGN”), Thunder Threat Protection System (“TPS”), Thunder SSL Insight (“SSLi”) and Thunder Convergent Firewall (“CFW”) and intelligent management, and automation tools; Harmony Controller and aGalaxy. Our products are offered in a variety of form factors and payment models, including physical appliances and software licenses, as well as pay-as-you-go licensing models and FlexPool, a flexible consumption-based software model.

We derive revenue from sales of products and related support services. Products revenue is generated primarily by sales of hardware appliances with perpetual licenses to our embedded software solutions. We also derive revenue from licenses to, or subscription services for, software-only versions of our solutions. We generate services revenue primarily from sales of maintenance and support contracts. Our customers predominantly purchase maintenance and support in conjunction with purchases of our products. In addition, we also derive revenue from the sale of professional services.

We sell our products globally to service providers and enterprises that depend on data center applications and networks to generate revenue and manage operations efficiently. Our end-customers operate in a variety of industries, including telecommunications, technology, industrial, retail, financial, gaming, education and government. Since inception, our customer base has grown rapidly. As of September 30, 2018, we had sold products to approximately 6,700 customers across 84 countries.

We sell substantially all of our solutions through our high-touch sales organization as well as distribution channel partners, including distributors, value-added resellers and system integrators, and fulfill nearly all orders globally through such partners. We believe this sales approach allows us to obtain the benefits of channel distribution, such as expanding our market coverage, while still maintaining face-to-face relationships with our end-customers. We outsource the manufacturing of our hardware products to original design manufacturers. We perform quality assurance and testing at our San Jose, Taiwan and Japan distribution centers, as well as at our manufacturers’ locations.

During the first nine months of 2018, 46% of our total revenue was generated from the United States, 23% from Japan and 31% from other geographical regions. During the first nine months of 2017, 51% of our total revenue was generated from the United States, 21% from Japan and 28% from other geographical regions. Our enterprise customers accounted for 60% and 54% of our total revenue during the first nine months of 2018 and 2017, respectively. Our service provider customers accounted for 40% and 46% of our total revenue during the first nine months of 2018 and 2017, respectively.

As a result of the nature of our target market and the current stage of our development, a substantial portion of our revenue comes from a limited number of large customers, including service providers, in any period. Purchases from our ten largest end-customers accounted for 37% and 39% of our total revenue for the first nine months of 2018 and 2017, respectively. Sales to these large end-customers have typically been characterized by large but irregular purchases with long sales cycles. The timing of these purchases and the delivery of the purchased products are difficult to predict. Consequently, any acceleration or delay in anticipated product purchases by or deliveries to our largest customers could materially impact our revenue and operating results in any quarterly period. This may cause our quarterly revenue and operating results to fluctuate from quarter to quarter and make them difficult to predict.

As of September 30, 2018, we had $36.2 million of cash and cash equivalents and $87.4 million of marketable securities. Cash used in operating activities was $5.5 million in the first nine months of 2018 compared to $10.0 million cash generated by operating activities in the same period of last year.

We intend to continue to invest for long-term growth. We have invested and expect to continue to invest in our product development efforts to deliver new products and additional features in our current products to address customer needs. In addition, we may expand our global sales and marketing organizations, expand our distribution channel partner programs and increase awareness of our solutions on a global basis. Our investments in growth in these areas may affect our short-term profitability.

Results of Operations

A summary of our condensed consolidated statements of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017 are as follows (dollars in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2018					2017					Increase (Decrease)
	Amount			Percent of Total Revenue		Amount			Percent of Total Revenue		Amount			Percent
Revenue:
Products	$	38,265		63.2	%	$	40,404		65.2	%	$	(2,139	)	(5	)%
Services	22,237			36.8		21,601			34.8		636			3	%
Total revenue	60,502			100.0		62,005			100.0		(1,503		)	(2	)%
Cost of revenue:
Products	8,790			14.5		9,357			15.1		(567		)	(6	)%
Services	4,224			7.0		4,510			7.3		(286		)	(6	)%
Total cost of revenue	13,014			21.5		13,867			22.4		(853		)	(6	)%
Gross profit	47,488			78.5		48,138			77.6		(650		)	(1	)%
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	24,539			40.6		26,930			43.4		(2,391		)	(9	)%
Research and development	15,505			25.6		15,997			25.8		(492		)	(3	)%
General and administrative	9,012			14.9		6,945			11.2		2,067			30	%
Total operating expenses	49,056			81.1		49,872			80.4		(816		)	(2	)%
Loss from operations	(1,568		)	(2.6	)	(1,734		)	(2.8	)	(166		)	(10	)%
Non-operating income (expense):
Interest expense	(34		)	(0.1	)	(20		)	—		14			70	%
Interest and other income (expense), net	(131		)	(0.2	)	(37		)	(0.1	)	94			254	%
Total non-operating income (expense), net	(165		)	(0.3	)	(57		)	(0.1	)	108			189	%
Loss before income taxes	(1,733		)	(2.9	)	(1,791		)	(2.9	)	(58		)	(3	)%
Provision for income taxes	74			0.1		454			0.7		(380		)	(84	)%
Net loss	$	(1,807	)	(3.0	)%	$	(2,245	)	(3.6	)%	$	(438	)	(20	)%



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018					2017					Increase (Decrease)
	Amount			Percent of Total Revenue		Amount			Percent of Total Revenue		Amount			Percent
Revenue:
Products	$	105,638		62.0	%	$	116,930		65.0	%	$	(11,292	)	(10	)%
Services	64,760			38.0		62,982			35.0		1,778			3	%
Total revenue	170,398			100.0		179,912			100.0		(9,514		)	(5	)%
Cost of revenue:
Products	24,979			14.7		28,124			15.6		(3,145		)	(11	)%
Services	13,106			7.7		13,286			7.4		(180		)	(1	)%
Total cost of revenue	38,085			22.4		41,410			23.0		(3,325		)	(8	)%
Gross profit	132,313			77.6		138,502			77.0		(6,189		)	(4	)%
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	77,231			45.2		78,754			43.8		(1,523		)	(2	)%
Research and development	49,874			29.3		49,529			27.5		345			1	%
General and administrative	30,464			17.9		21,444			11.9		9,020			42	%
Total operating expenses	157,569			92.4		149,727			83.2		7,842			5	%
Loss from operations	(25,256		)	(14.8	)	(11,225		)	(6.2	)	14,031			125	%
Non-operating income (expense):
Interest expense	(99		)	(0.1	)	(128		)	(0.1	)	(29		)	(23	)%
Interest and other income (expense), net	6			—		779			0.3		773			99	%
Total non-operating income (expense), net	(93		)	(0.1	)	651			0.3		744			114	%
Loss before income taxes	(25,349		)	(14.9	)	(10,574		)	(5.9	)	14,775			140	%
Provision for income taxes	660			0.4		963			0.5		(303		)	(31	)%
Net loss	$	(26,009	)	(15.3	)%	$	(11,537	)	(6.4	)%	$	14,472		125	%

Revenue

Our products revenue primarily consists of revenue from sales of our hardware appliances upon which our software is installed. Such software includes our ACOS software platform plus one or more of our ADC, CGN, TPS, SSLi or CFW solutions. Purchase of a hardware appliance includes a perpetual license to the included software. We recognize products revenue upon transfer of control, generally at the time of shipment, provided that all other revenue recognition criteria have been met. As a percentage of revenue, our products revenue may vary from quarter to quarter based on, among other things, the timing of orders and delivery of products, cyclicality and seasonality, changes in currency exchange rates and the impact of significant transactions with unique terms and conditions.

We generate services revenue from sales of post contract support (“PCS”), which is bundled with sales of products and professional services. We offer tiered PCS services under renewable, fee-based PCS contracts, primarily including technical support, hardware repair and replacement parts, and software upgrades on a when-and-if-available basis. We recognize services revenue ratably over the term of the PCS contract, which is typically one year, but can be up to five years.

Our adoption of ASC 606, the new revenue recognition guidance, in January 2018 did not have a material impact on the recognition or timing of revenue. See Note 11 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional information.

A summary of our total revenue is as follows (dollars in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2018				2017				Increase (Decrease)
	Amount		Percent of Total Revenue		Amount		Percent of Total Revenue		Amount			Percent
Revenue:
Products	$	38,265	63	%	$	40,404	65	%	$	(2,139	)	(5	)%
Services	22,237		37		21,601		35		636			3	%
Total revenue	$	60,502	100	%	$	62,005	100	%	$	(1,503	)	(2	)%
Revenue by geographic region:
United States	$	27,003	45	%	$	28,951	47	%	$	(1,948	)	(7	)%
Japan	14,023		23		16,634		27		(2,611		)	(16	)%
Asia Pacific, excluding Japan	9,331		16		7,171		12		2,160			30	%
EMEA	8,119		13		6,117		10		2,002			33	%
Other	2,026		3		3,132		4		(1,106		)	(35	)%
Total revenue	$	60,502	100	%	$	62,005	100	%	$	(1,503	)	(2	)%



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018				2017				Increase (Decrease)
	Amount		Percent of Total Revenue		Amount		Percent of Total Revenue		Amount			Percent
Revenue:
Products	$	105,638	62	%	$	116,930	65	%	$	(11,292	)	(10	)%
Services	64,760		38		62,982		35		1,778			3	%
Total revenue	$	170,398	100	%	$	179,912	100	%	$	(9,514	)	(5	)%
Revenue by geographic region:
United States	$	78,124	46	%	$	92,140	51	%	$	(14,016	)	(15	)%
Japan	38,971		23		38,119		21		852			2	%
Asia Pacific, excluding Japan	27,436		16		25,594		15		1,842			7	%
EMEA	20,038		12		18,535		10		1,503			8	%
Other	5,829		3		5,524		3		305			6	%
Total revenue	$	170,398	100	%	$	179,912	100	%	$	(9,514	)	(5	)%

Total revenue decreased by $1.5 million, or 2%, during the third quarter of 2018 compared to the same period of 2017. This decrease was due to a $2.1 million decrease in products revenue, partially offset by a $0.6 million increase in services revenue. The decrease in products revenue was primarily driven by lower demand from our service provider customers in the United States. Revenue from service provider customers decreased 24% and revenue from enterprise customers increased 21% during the third quarter of 2018 compared to the same period of 2017.

Total revenue decreased by $9.5 million, or 5%, during the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period of 2017. This decrease was due to an $11.3 million decrease in products revenue, partially offset by a $1.8 million increase in services revenue. The decrease in products revenue was primarily driven by lower demand from our service provider customers in the United States. Revenue from service provider customers decreased 18% and revenue from enterprise customers increased 6% during the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period of 2017.

Products revenue decreased $2.1 million, or 5%, during the third quarter of 2018 compared to the same period of 2017 primarily driven by lower demand from our service provider customers in the United States, as well as decreases from Japan and Other regions, offset in part by the increases from EMEA and Asian Pacific. Products revenue decreased $11.3 million, or 10%, in the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period of 2017 primarily driven by the decrease from the United States, partially offset by the increases in Japan, Asia Pacific and EMEA regions.

Services revenue increased $0.6 million, or 3%, and $1.8 million, or 3%, in the third quarter and the first nine months of 2018, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2017. The increases were primarily attributable to the increase in PCS sales in connection with our increased installed customer base.

During the third quarter of 2018, $27.0 million, or 45% of total revenue, was generated from the United States, which represents a 7% decrease compared to the same period of 2017. During the first nine months of 2018, $78.1 million, or 46% of total revenue, was generated from the United States, which represents a 15% decrease compared to the same period of last year. The decreases in the third quarter and the first nine months of 2018 were primarily due to lower product revenue driven by lower demand from our service providers in the United States.

During the third quarter of 2018, $14.0 million, or 23% of total revenue, was generated from Japan, which represents a 16% decrease compared to the same period of 2017. The decrease was driven primarily by lower product revenue. During the first nine months of 2018, $39.0 million, or 23% of total revenue, was generated from Japan, which remained relatively unchanged compared to the same period of last year.

During the third quarter of 2018, $9.3 million, or 16% of total revenue, was generated from Asia Pacific regions excluding Japan, which represents a 30% increase compared to the same period of 2017. During the first nine months of 2018, $27.4 million, or 16% of total revenue, was generated from Asia Pacific regions excluding Japan, which represents a 7% increase compared to the same period of last year. The increases in the third quarter and in the first nine months of 2018 were driven primarily by higher products revenue and higher services revenue from PCS sales in connection with our increased installed customer base.

During the third quarter of 2018, $8.1 million, or 13% of total revenue, was generated from EMEA, which represents a 33% increase compared to the same period of 2017. During the first nine months of 2018, $20.0 million, or 12% of total revenue, was generated from EMEA, which represents an 8% increase compared to the same period of 2017. The increases in the third quarter and in the first nine months of 2018 were driven by higher products revenue and higher services revenue from PCS sales in connection with our increased installed customer base.

Cost of Revenue, Gross Profit and Gross Margin

Cost of revenue

Cost of products revenue is primarily comprised of cost of third-party manufacturing services and cost of inventory for the hardware component of our products. Cost of products revenue also includes warehouse personnel costs, shipping costs, inventory write-downs, certain allocated facilities and information technology infrastructure costs, and expenses associated with logistics and quality control.

Cost of services revenue is primarily comprised of personnel costs for our technical support, training and professional service teams. Cost of services revenue also includes the costs of inventory used to provide hardware replacements to end- customers under PCS contracts and certain allocated facilities and information technology infrastructure costs.

A summary of our cost of revenue is as follows (dollars in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Increase (Decrease)
	2018		2017		Amount			Percent
Cost of revenue:
Products	$	8,790	$	9,357	$	(567	)	(6	)%
Services	4,224		4,510		(286		)	(6	)%
Total cost of revenue	$	13,014	$	13,867	$	(853	)	(6	)%



	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Increase (Decrease)
	2018		2017		Amount			Percent
Cost of revenue:
Products	$	24,979	$	28,124	$	(3,145	)	(11	)%
Services	13,106		13,286		(180		)	(1	)%
Total cost of revenue	$	38,085	$	41,410	$	(3,325	)	(8	)%

Gross Margin

Gross margin may vary and be unpredictable from period to period due to a variety of factors. These may include the mix of revenue from each of our regions, the mix of our products sold within a period, discounts provided to customers, inventory write-downs and foreign currency exchange rates.

Our sales are generally denominated in U.S. dollars, however, in Japan they are denominated in Japanese yen.

Any of the factors noted above can generate either a favorable or unfavorable impact on gross margin.

A summary of our gross profit and gross margin is as follows (dollars in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,
	2018				2017				Increase (Decrease)
	Amount		Gross Margin		Amount		Gross Margin		Amount			Gross Margin
Gross profit:
Products	$	29,475	77.0	%	$	31,047	76.8	%	$	(1,572	)	0.2	%
Services	18,013		81.0	%	17,091		79.1	%	922			1.9	%
Total gross profit	$	47,488	78.5	%	$	48,138	77.6	%	$	(650	)	0.9	%



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018				2017				Increase (Decrease)
	Amount		Gross Margin		Amount		Gross Margin		Amount			Gross Margin
Gross profit:
Products	$	80,659	76.4	%	$	88,806	75.9	%	$	(8,147	)	0.5	%
Services	51,654		79.8	%	49,696		78.9	%	1,958			0.9	%
Total gross profit	$	132,313	77.6	%	$	138,502	77.0	%	$	(6,189	)	0.6	%

Products gross margin remained relatively unchanged during the third quarter and the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same periods of 2017.

Services gross margin increased 1.9% and 0.9% during the third quarter and the first nine months of 2018, respectively, compared to the same periods of 2017 primarily driven by higher services revenue while the personnel costs related to support, professional services and maintenance remained relatively constant.

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses consist of sales and marketing, research and development, general and administrative and litigation and settlement expenses. The largest component of our operating expenses is personnel costs which consist of wages, benefits, bonuses, and, with respect to sales and marketing expenses, sales commissions. Personnel costs also include stock-based compensation.

A summary of our operating expenses is as follows (dollars in thousands):



	Three Months Ended September 30,				Increase (Decrease)
	2018		2017		Amount			Percent
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	$	24,539	$	26,930	$	(2,391	)	(9	)%
Research and development	15,505		15,997		(492		)	(3	)%
General and administrative	9,012		6,945		2,067			30	%
Total operating expenses	$	49,056	$	49,872	$	(816	)	(2	)%



	Nine Months Ended September 30,				Increase (Decrease)
	2018		2017		Amount			Percent
Operating expenses:
Sales and marketing	$	77,231	$	78,754	$	(1,523	)	(2	)%
Research and development	49,874		49,529		345			1	%
General and administrative	30,464		21,444		9,020			42	%
Total operating expenses	$	157,569	$	149,727	$	7,842		5	%

Sales and Marketing

Sales and marketing expenses are our largest functional category of operating expenses and primarily consist of personnel costs. Sales and marketing expenses also include the cost of marketing programs, trade shows, consulting services, promotional materials, demonstration equipment, depreciation and certain allocated facilities and information technology infrastructure costs. Prior to the adoption of ASC 606, we expensed sales commissions associated with the acquisition of customer contracts as incurred in the period the contract was acquired. Upon the adoption of ASC 606 in January 2018, $8.4 million of our sales commission expenses from prior periods has been deferred over an expected benefit period as required by ASC 340-40, Other Assets and Deferred Costs - Contracts with Customers. See Note 11 of the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional information.

The decrease in sales and marketing expense for the third quarter of 2018 compared to the same period of 2017 was primarily attributable to a $2.0 million decrease in employee compensation and benefits driven mainly by a $1.1 million decrease in stock-based compensation expense and decreased headcount. The lower stock-based compensation expense primarily resulted from decreased headcount and decreased grant awards. Our equity plan related activities were suspended from March 2018 to early October 2018 due to our non-timely filing status.

The decrease in sales and marketing expense for the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period of 2017 was primarily due to a $3.3 million decrease in employee compensation and benefits which included a $1.0 million lower stock-based compensation expense, driven primarily by decreased headcount and decreased grant awards. Our equity plan related activities were suspended from March 2018 to early October 2018 due to our non-timely filing status. This decrease was offset in part by a $1.7 million increase in sales commissions.

Research and Development

Research and development efforts are focused on new product development and on developing additional functionality for our existing products. These expenses primarily consist of personnel costs, and, to a lesser extent, prototype materials, depreciation and certain allocated facilities and information technology infrastructure costs. We expense research and development costs as incurred.

The decrease in research and development expense for the third quarter of 2018 compared to the same period of 2017 was primarily driven by a $0.6 million decrease in stock-based compensation expense resulting mainly from decreased grant awards. Our equity plan related activities were suspended from March 2018 to early October 2018 due to our non-timely filing status.

Research and development expense for the first nine months of 2018 remained relatively flat compared to the same period of last year. This is primarily due to a $1.3 million increase in employee stock purchase plan related stock-based compensation expense and a $0.5 million increase in consultant costs, offset in part by a $1.6 million decrease in employee compensation and benefits driven mainly by decreased grant awards. Our employee stock purchase plan was suspended in March 2018 due to the delay of the filing of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2017. Accordingly, all the remaining unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to our employee stock purchase plan was recognized in the first quarter of 2018. See Note 7 in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional information.

We expect research and development expenses to be relatively consistent quarter over quarter for the remainder of 2018.

General and Administrative

General and administrative expenses primarily consist of personnel costs, professional services and office expenses. General and administrative personnel costs include executive, finance, human resources, information technology, facility and legal (excluding litigation) related expenses. Professional services primarily consist of fees for outside accounting, tax, legal, recruiting and other administrative services.

The increase in general and administrative expenses for the third quarter of 2018 compared to the same period of 2017 was primarily driven by the $1.3 million internal investigation related fees we incurred in 2018. See Note 2 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this report for more information regarding this investigation.

The increase in general and administrative expenses for the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period of 2017 was primarily driven by the $8.6 million internal investigation related fees we incurred in 2018. See Note 2 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this report for more information regarding this investigation.

We expect general and administrative expenses to be relatively consistent quarter over quarter for the remainder of 2018.

Interest Expense

Interest expense consists primarily of interest expense and amortization of debt issuance costs. At September 30, 2018, we had no outstanding balances on our credit facility. We expect to continue to incur commitment fees associated with the undrawn balance of our credit facility. If we choose to draw down on the credit facility, at such time, we would reduce the commitment fees accrued and increase the interest on outstanding balances.

Interest expense was immaterial and remained relatively consistent for the third quarter and first nine months of 2018 compared to the same periods of 2017.

Interest and Other Income (Expense), Net

Interest income consists primarily of interest income earned on our cash and cash equivalents and marketable securities. Other income (expense) consists primarily of foreign currency exchange gains and losses.

Interest and other income (expense), net, had an unfavorable change of $0.1 million, or 254%, for the third quarter of 2018 compared to the same period of 2017 primarily driven by a $0.3 million increase in foreign exchange loss, offset in part by a $0.2 million increase in interest income.

Interest and other income (expense), net, had an unfavorable change of $0.8 million, or 99%, for the first nine months of 2018 compared to the same period of 2017 primarily driven by a $1.2 million increase in foreign exchange loss due mainly to the unfavorable currency exchange rate between the Japanese yen and the U.S. dollar, offset in part by a $0.5 million increase in interest income.

Provision for Income Taxes

We recorded an income tax provision of $0.1 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and $0.7 million and $1.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively, which primarily consisted of foreign taxes. Income taxes are accounted for under the asset and liability method. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities in the financial statements and their respective tax bases using tax rates expected to be in effect during the years in which the basis differences reverse.

We currently maintain a valuation allowance on federal and state deferred tax assets, and we will continue to maintain a valuation allowance against all of our U.S. and certain foreign deferred tax assets until there is sufficient evidence to support the reversal of all or some portion of this allowance.

Liquidity and Capital Resources

As of September 30, 2018, we had cash and cash equivalents of $36.2 million, including $5.2 million held outside the United States in our foreign subsidiaries, and $87.4 million of marketable securities. We currently do not have any plans to repatriate our earnings from our foreign operations. As of September 30, 2018, we had working capital of $112.1 million, accumulated deficit of $270.6 million and total stockholders’ equity of $99.1 million.

We plan to continue to invest for long-term growth, and our investment may increase. We believe that our existing cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities and other available financial resources will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for at least the next 12 months. Our future capital requirements will depend on many factors, including our growth rate, the expansion of sales and marketing activities, the timing and extent of spending to support development efforts, the introduction of new and enhanced product and service offerings and the continuing market acceptance of our products. In the event that additional financing is required from outside sources, we may not be able to raise such financing on terms acceptable to us or at all. If we are unable to raise additional capital when desired, our business, operating results and financial condition could be adversely affected.

In addition, as described in Note 6 in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in this report, we are currently, or from time to time, involved in ongoing litigation. Any adverse settlements or judgments in any litigation could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, cash balances and cash flows in the period in which such events occur.

Credit Agreements

In November 2016, we entered into the 2016 Credit Facility with Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”) as the lender. The 2016 Credit Facility provides a three-year, $25.0 million revolving credit facility, which includes a maximum of $25.0 million letter of credit subfacility. When the balance of our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities minus outstanding revolving loans and letters of credit equals or exceeds $50.0 million, loans may be advanced under the 2016 Credit Facility up to the full $25.0 million. When the balance of our cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities minus outstanding revolving loans and letters of credit falls below $50.0 million, loans may be advanced under the 2016 Credit Facility based on a borrowing base equal to a specified percentage of the value of our eligible accounts receivable. The loans bear interest, at our option, at (i) the prime rate reported in The Wall Street Journal, minus 0.50% or (ii) a LIBOR rate determined in accordance with the 2016 Credit Facility, plus 2.50%.

In September 2018, we entered into an amendment with SVB to reduce the unused revolving line facility fee on the 2016 Credit Facility from 0.4% to 0.3%.

Our obligations under the 2016 Credit Facility are secured by substantially all of our assets, excluding our intellectual property. The 2016 Credit Facility contains customary affirmative and negative covenants, in each case subject to customary exceptions, and customary events of default. In addition, the 2016 Credit Facility requires us to maintain compliance with an adjusted quick ratio of not less than 1.50:1.00, as determined in accordance with the 2016 Credit Facility. As of September 30, 2018, we had no outstanding balance under the 2016 Credit Facility and were in compliance with all facility covenants.

Statements of Cash Flows

The following table summarizes our cash flow related activities (in thousands):



	Nine Months Ended September 30,
	2018			2017
Cash (used in) provided by:
Operating activities	$	(5,518	)	$	10,020
Investing activities	(6,080		)	(2,937		)
Financing activities	1,193			3,861
Net (decrease) increase in cash and cash equivalents	$	(10,405	)	$	10,944

Cash Flows from Operating Activities

Our cash provided by operating activities is driven primarily by sales of our products and management of working capital investments. Our primary uses of cash from operating activities have been for personnel-related expenditures, manufacturing costs, marketing and promotional expenses and costs related to our facilities. Our cash flows from operating activities will continue to be affected principally by the extent to which we increase spending on our business and our working capital requirements.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, cash used in operating activities was $5.5 million, consisting of net loss of $26.0 million which includes our internal investigation charges of $8.6 million, non-cash charges of $19.2 million and a cash increase resulting from the net change in operating assets and liabilities of $1.3 million. Our non-cash charges consisted primarily of stock-based compensation expense of $13.1 million and depreciation and amortization expenses of $6.0 million. The net change in our operating assets and liabilities primarily reflects an inflow from the changes in deferred revenue of $4.2 million, inventory of $1.6 million and accounts payable of $0.8 million, offset primarily by an outflow from the changes in accounts receivable of $3.1 million, accrued and other liabilities of $1.5 million, and prepaid and other assets of $0.9 million.

The favorable change in deferred revenue was primarily driven by the increased sales in services. The favorable change in inventory was due to our improved inventory management. The favorable change in accounts payable was due to the timing of vendor invoice payments. The unfavorable change in accounts receivable was attributed to timing of cash collection. The unfavorable change in accrued and other liabilities was primarily due to the overall decrease in our accrued compensation, driven primarily by the decreased headcount and decreased employee share purchase plan related accrual. Our employee stock purchase plan was suspended from March 2018 to Oct 2018 due to our non-timely filing status. See Note 2 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part I, Item 1 of this report for additional information on our internal investigation and Note 7 to our Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements for additional information related to our employee stock purchase plan suspension. The unfavorable change in prepared and other assets was mainly driven by the increase in deferred cost of goods sold.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, cash provided by operating activities was $10.0 million, consisting of a net loss of $11.5 million, non-cash charges of $21.0 million and a cash increase resulting from the net change in operating assets and liabilities of $0.5 million. Our non-cash charges consisted primarily of stock-based compensation expense of $13.8 million and depreciation and amortization expenses of $6.2 million. The net change in our operating assets and liabilities primarily reflects an inflow from the changes in accounts receivable of $11.3 million, partially offset by an outflow from the changes in accrued liabilities of $3.0 million, inventory of $2.5 million, prepaid expenses and other assets of $2.8 million, accounts payable of $1.2 million and deferred revenue of $1.2 million.

The favorable change in accounts receivable was primarily due to timing of billing and collections. The unfavorable change in accrued and other liabilities was primarily due to accrued bonuses and commissions. The unfavorable change in inventory was primarily due to the inventory build-up for anticipated future demand. The unfavorable change in prepaid expenses and other assets was primarily due to prepaid insurance and software subscriptions. The unfavorable change in

accounts payable was primarily due to the timing of vendor invoice payments. The unfavorable change in deferred revenue was due to lower contract renewals.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018, cash used in investing activities was $6.1 million, consisting of purchases of property and equipment of $2.3 million, marketable securities of $67.8 million and investment of $1.0 million, partially offset by proceeds from sales and maturities of marketable securities of $64.9 million.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, cash used in investing activities was $2.9 million, primarily consisting of purchases of property and equipment of $4.2 million and marketable securities of $69.6 million, partially offset by proceeds from sales and maturities of marketable securities of $70.9 million.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities

During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, cash provided by financing activities was $1.2 million consisting of proceeds from common stock issuances under our equity incentive plans.

During the nine months ended September 30, 2017, cash provided by financing activities was $3.9 million, primarily consisting of proceeds from common stock issuances under our equity incentive plans of $7.7 million, partially offset by repurchase and retirement of common stock of $3.1 million and payment of contingent consideration of $0.7 million.

Contractual Obligations

Our contractual obligations consist of capital leases, operating leases, purchase commitments and other contractual obligations. There have been no material changes to these obligations outside the ordinary course of business during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 as compared to the contractual obligations disclosed in MD&A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

As of September 30, 2018, we did not have any relationships with any unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, such as entities often referred to as structured finance or special purpose entities that would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements or other contractually narrow or limited purposes.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our condensed consolidated financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The preparation of these condensed consolidated financial statements requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenue, expenses and related disclosures. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis. Our estimates are based on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe to be reasonable under the circumstances. Our actual results could differ from these estimates.

Except for the accounting policies for revenue recognition that were updated as a result of adopting ASC 606, there have been no significant changes in our critical accounting policies and estimates during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 compared to the critical accounting policies and estimates disclosed in MD&A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017. See Note 11 in the Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in Part I, Item 1 of this report for the summary of the new accounting policies under ASC 606.


ITEM 3.	QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Foreign Currency Risk

The functional currency of our foreign subsidiaries is the U.S. dollar. At the end of each reporting period, monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured to the functional currency using exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Non-monetary assets and liabilities are remeasured at historical exchange rates. Gains and losses related to remeasurement are recorded in interest and other income (expense), net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. A significant fluctuation in the exchange rates between our subsidiaries’ local currencies, especially the Japanese yen, British Pound and Euro, and the U.S. dollar could have an adverse impact on our consolidated financial position and results of operations.

We recorded $1.4 million foreign exchange loss during the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The effect of a hypothetical 10% change in the exchange rate would not have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations.

Interest Rate Sensitivity

Our exposure to interest rates risk relates to our 2016 Credit Facility with variable interest rates, where an increase in interest rates may result in higher borrowing costs. Since we have no outstanding borrowings under our 2016 Credit Facility as of September 30, 2018, the effect of a hypothetical 10% change in interest rates would not have any impact on our interest expense.

Our exposure to market risk for changes in interest rates relates primarily to our marketable securities. Our marketable securities are comprised of certificates of deposit, corporate securities, U.S. Treasury and agency securities, commercial paper and asset-backed securities. We do not enter into investments for trading or speculative purposes. At September 30, 2018, our investment portfolio included marketable securities with an aggregate fair market value and amortized cost basis of $87.4 million and $87.5 million, respectively.

The following table presents the hypothetical fair values of our marketable securities assuming immediate parallel shifts in the yield curve of 50 basis points (“BPS”), 100 BPS and 150 BPS as of September 30, 2018 (in thousands):



							Fair Value as of
	(150 BPS)		(100 BPS)		(50 BPS)		9/30/2018		50 BPS		100 BPS		150 BPS
Marketable securities	$	88,196	$	87,928	$	87,659	$	87,391	$	87,122	$	86,853	$	86,585

ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Management’s Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2018, as required by Rule 13a-15(b) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Exchange Act, means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the company in the reports that it files or submits to the SEC, under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and

communicated to the company’s management, including its principal executive and financial officers, as appropriate to enable timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

In designing and evaluating our disclosure controls and procedures, our management recognizes that any disclosure controls and procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving the desired control objectives. In addition, the design of disclosure controls and procedures must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and that our management is required to apply its judgment in evaluating the benefits of possible controls and procedures relative to their costs.

Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as our principal executive officer and principal financial officer, respectively, concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of September 30, 2018, due to the material weaknesses in our internal controls over financial reporting described below. Notwithstanding the material weaknesses as of September 30, 2018, management has concluded that the condensed consolidated financial statements included in this Form 10-Q present fairly, in all material respects, and in conformity with U.S. GAAP our financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the periods presented.

Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). Internal control over financial reporting consists of policies and procedures that:


•	Pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company;

•

Are designed and operated to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of our financial reporting and our process for the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and


•	Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Our internal control over financial reporting is designed by, and under the supervision of our principal executive officer and principal financial officer and effected by our Board of Directors, management, and others. Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with internal control policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Management has assessed the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2018, using the criteria set forth in the Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.

In connection with management’s assessment of our internal control over financial reporting described above, and as previously identified and disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, management identified deficiencies that constituted individually, or in the aggregate, material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting as of September 30, 2018.

Material Weaknesses Identified

Control Environment and Monitoring Activities - We did not maintain an effective control environment.

Specifically, our control environment, which sets the tone of our organization, and influences the control consciousness of employees, did not consistently ensure that our policies relating to revenue recognition and standards of conduct were affirmatively understood and followed and that deviations therefrom were consistently identified and corrected in a timely manner or hold certain individuals accountable for their internal control responsibilities in the pursuit of Company objectives. Further, at certain levels within certain functions, there were insufficient monitoring activities to determine certain components of internal control were present and functioning.

The control environment material weaknesses contributed to the revenue recognition material weaknesses described below.

Revenue Recognition - We identified the following material weaknesses with respect to revenue recognition:

•

Certain personnel in our credit and accounting functions did not have the adequate expertise to design and operate certain internal controls, to formalize certain appropriate policies and procedures, or to communicate matters relevant to revenue recognition. Certain personnel in our sales and sales operations functions did not have the adequate expertise to identify and communicate to accounting personnel certain information relevant to revenue recognition.

•

Certain policies and procedures were not sufficiently detailed to establish expectations for and to support effective design and operation of internal controls in our sales, credit, and accounting functions to consistently determine whether our reseller’s or distributor’s price was fixed or determinable, or that collectibility was reasonably assured in every case, and that once determined, adequate documentation was maintained.

The material weaknesses described above resulted in errors that led to the restatement of our annual consolidated financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015 and our interim condensed consolidated financial statements for each of the first three quarters of 2017. Furthermore, these control deficiencies could have resulted in other misstatements in financial statement accounts and disclosures that would result in a material misstatement to the annual or interim consolidated financial statements that might not have been prevented or detected.

Changes to Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Beginning January 1, 2018, we adopted Topic 606, the new revenue recognition standard. We implemented changes to our revenue recognition policies, process and control activities to support the adoption of Topic 606. Except in relation to our adoption of Topic 606, no other change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Exchange Act) occurred during the quarter ended September 30, 2018, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

Remediation Actions Relating to Material Weaknesses in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

As previously disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, at the conclusion of its investigation, the Audit Committee recommended to management a number of remediation actions. With the oversight of the Audit Committee, management is committed to the planning and implementing of these remediation actions to address the material weaknesses identified, as well as to foster continuous improvement in our internal controls. We have implemented or are in the process of implementing various initiatives intended to address the identified material weaknesses and strengthen our overall internal control environment. In this regard, some of our key remedial initiatives include:


•	Executive Management Communications to Reinforce Compliance - Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, at the direction of our Board of Directors, have in communications to personnel reinforced the importance of adherence to our policies and procedures regarding ethics and compliance and the importance of identifying misconduct and raising and communicating concerns.


•	Changes to Our Executive Management and Sales Personnel - We have hired new personnel, who have enabled improved lines of communication across business functions and increased expertise.


•	Training Practices - We have initiated development of a comprehensive training program relating to revenue recognition and contract review.


•	Credit Policies and Procedures - We have evaluated its practices regarding extension of credit to customers and evaluation of customer creditworthiness and has begun implementing improvements in those practices.


•	Revenue Recognition Policies and Procedures - We have evaluated our revenue recognition policies and procedures and have begun implementing improvements, including:


(i)	the development of more comprehensive revenue recognition policies and improved procedures to ensure that such policies are understood and consistently applied;


(i)	better communication among functions involved in the sales process, including credit, accounting, sales, and sales operations;


(i)	increased standardization of contract documentation and revenue analyses for individual transactions, including increased oversight of revenue opportunities and contract review by personnel with the requisite accounting knowledge;


(i)	the development of a more comprehensive review process for, and monitoring controls over, customer contracts to ensure accurate revenue recognition, and the preparation of accounting memoranda to document the foregoing;


(i)	the development of more comprehensive policies and procedures for product shipment and delivery documentation;


(i)	the adoption of enhancements of policies and procedures for approval of non-standard revenue arrangements with reseller and distributor customers; and


(i)	the adoption of revised documentation, including our sales quotations, to identify additional information relevant to revenue recognition.

•

Implementation and Enhancement of Entity Level Controls - We intend to implement additional controls in its quarterly/annual financial reporting process, including enhanced sub-certifications by all sales personnel and with specific documentation related to the identification of non-standard revenue arrangements. We also intend to enhance our insider trading policy and related communications to employees.

Our management has worked, and continues to work, to strengthen our internal control over financial reporting. We are committed to ensuring that such controls are designed and operating effectively. The identified material weaknesses will not be considered remediated until the applicable remedial controls operate for a sufficient period of time and management concludes, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively. As we continue to evaluate and improve our internal control over financial reporting, we may take additional measures to address control deficiencies or modify or change the proposed remediation measures described above.

Our Board of Directors and management take internal control over financial reporting and the integrity of our financial statements seriously and believe that the steps taken, and to be taken, to remediate the identified material weaknesses were and are essential steps to maintaining strong and effective internal control over financial reporting and a strong internal control environment.

Inherent Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls

Our management, including our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer, does not expect that our disclosure controls or our internal control over financial reporting will prevent or detect all error and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well-designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. The design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Further, because of the inherent limitations in all control systems, no evaluation of controls can provide absolute assurance that misstatements due to error or fraud will not occur or that all control issues and instances of fraud, if any, have been detected. The design of any system of controls is based in part on certain assumptions about the likelihood of future events and there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under all potential future conditions. Projections of any evaluation of the effectiveness of controls to future periods are subject to risks. Over time, controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

See Note 6 in the Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements regarding our legal proceedings.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS

Investing in our common stock involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully consider the risks and uncertainties described below, together with all of the other information contained in this report, and in our other public filings. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties that we are unaware of, or that we currently believe are not material, may also become important factors that affect us. If any of the following risks occur, our business, financial condition, operating results, and prospects could be materially harmed. In that event, the trading price of our common stock could decline, perhaps significantly.

We have identified deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting that resulted in material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting and have concluded that our internal control over financial reporting and our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of September 30, 2018, June 30, 2018, March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. If we fail to properly remediate these or any future material weaknesses or deficiencies or to maintain proper and effective internal controls, material misstatements in our financial statements could occur and impair our ability to produce accurate and timely financial statements and could adversely affect investor confidence in our financial reports, which could negatively affect our business.

As described in Item 4, “Controls and Procedures” of this report and Item 9A, “Controls and Procedures,” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017, we have concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of September 30, 2018, June 30, 2018, March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, due to the existence of material weaknesses in such controls, and we have also concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of September 30, 2018, June 30, 2018, March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, due to material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. While we have initiated remediation efforts to address the identified weaknesses, we cannot provide assurance that our remediation efforts will be adequate to allow us to conclude that such controls will be effective as of December 31, 2018. We also cannot assure you that additional material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting will not arise or be identified in the future. We intend to continue our control remediation activities and generally improve our internal controls. In doing so, we will continue to incur expenses and expend management time on compliance-related issues.

If our remediation measures are insufficient to address the identified deficiencies, or if additional deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting are discovered or occur in the future, our consolidated financial statements may contain material misstatements and we could be required to restate our financial results. Moreover, because of the inherent limitations of any control system, material misstatements due to error or fraud may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis, or at all. If we are unable to provide reliable and timely financial reports in the future, our business and reputation may be further harmed. Restated financial statements and failures in internal controls may also cause us to fail to meet reporting obligations, negatively affect investor confidence in our management and the accuracy of our financial statements and disclosures, or result in adverse publicity and concerns from investors, any of which could have a negative effect on the price of our common stock, subject us to further regulatory investigations and penalties or stockholder litigation, and materially adversely impact our business and financial condition.

The Audit Committee’s investigation of certain accounting and internal control matters relating to our current and previously issued financial statements and the audit of our consolidated financial statements as of and for the

year ended December 31, 2017 have been time-consuming and expensive, and may result in additional expense.

We have incurred significant expenses, including audit, legal, consulting and other professional fees, in connection with the Audit Committee’s internal investigation, the review of our accounting, the audit of our 2017 financial statements and the ongoing remediation of deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting. As described in Item 4, “Controls and Procedures,” of this report, we have taken a number of steps in order to strengthen our accounting function and attempt to reduce the risk of future recurrence and errors in accounting determinations. The validation of the efficacy of these remedial steps will result in us incurring near term expenses, and to the extent these steps are not successful, we could be forced to incur significant additional time and expense. The incurrence of significant additional expense, or the requirement that management

devote significant time that could reduce the time available to execute on our business strategies, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Our failure to timely file periodic reports we are required to file under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 could adversely affect the market for our common stock and make it more difficult for us to access the public markets to raise debt or equity capital.

We filed our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 approximately five months after it was due. Because of the time required to complete and file this report, we also were unable to timely file our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the quarters ended March 31, 2018 and June 30, 2018.

As a result of our inability to timely file our periodic reports under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, we will not be eligible to use a registration statement on Form S-3 to conduct public offerings of our securities until we have timely filed all periodic reports with the SEC for a period of twelve months. Our inability to use Form S-3 during this time period may have a negative impact on our ability to access the public capital markets in a timely fashion because we would be required to file a long-form registration statement on Form S-1 and have it reviewed and declared effective by the SEC. This may limit our ability to access the public markets to raise debt or equity.

If we do not successfully anticipate market needs and opportunities or if the market does not continue to adopt our application networking products, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be significantly harmed.

The application networking market is rapidly evolving and difficult to predict. Technologies, customer requirements, security threats and industry standards are constantly changing. As a result, we must anticipate future market needs and opportunities and then develop new products or enhancements to our current products that are designed to address those needs and opportunities, and we may not be successful in doing so.

Even if we are able to anticipate, develop and commercially introduce new products and enhancements that address the market’s needs and opportunities, there can be no assurance that new products or enhancements will achieve widespread market acceptance. For example, organizations that use other conventional or first-generation application networking products for their needs may believe that these products are sufficient. In addition, as we launch new product offerings, organizations may not believe that such new product offerings offer any additional benefits as compared to the existing application networking products that they currently use. Accordingly, organizations may continue allocating their IT budgets for existing application networking products and may not adopt our products, regardless of whether our products can offer superior performance or security.

If we fail to anticipate market needs and opportunities or if the market does not continue to adopt our application networking products, then market acceptance and sales of our current and future application networking products could be substantially decreased or delayed, we could lose customers, and our revenue may not grow or may decline. Any of such events would significantly harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Our success depends on our timely development of new products and features to address rapid technological changes and evolving customer requirements. If we are unable to timely develop and successfully introduce new products and features that adequately address these changes and requirements, our business and operating results could be adversely affected.

Changes in application software technologies, data center and communications hardware, networking software and operating systems, and industry standards, as well as our end-customers’ continuing business growth, result in evolving application networking needs and requirements. Our continued success depends on our ability to identify, develop and introduce in a timely and successful manner, new products and new features for our existing products that meet these needs and requirements.

Our future plans include significant investments in research and development and related product opportunities. Developing our products and related enhancements is time-consuming and expensive. We have made significant investments in our research and development team in order to address these product development needs. Our investments in research and development may not result in significant design and performance improvements or marketable products or features, or may result in products that are more expensive than anticipated. We may take longer to generate revenue, or generate less revenue, than we anticipate from our new products and product enhancements. We believe that we must continue to dedicate a significant amount of resources to our research and development efforts to maintain our competitive position.

If we are unable to develop new products and features to address technological changes and new customer requirements in the application networking market or if our investments in research and development do not yield the expected benefits in a timely manner, our business and operating results could be adversely affected.

We have experienced net losses in recent periods, anticipate increasing our operating expenses in the future and may not achieve or maintain profitability in the future. If we cannot achieve or maintain profitability, our financial performance will be harmed and our business may suffer.

We experienced net losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016. We may not be able to sustain or increase our revenue growth or achieve profitability in the future or on a consistent basis. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, we have invested in our sales, marketing and research and development teams in order to develop, market and sell our products. We may continue to invest in these areas in the future. As a result of these expenditures, we may have to generate and sustain increased revenue, manage our cost structure and avoid significant liabilities to achieve future profitability.

Revenue growth may slow or decline, and we may incur significant losses in the future for a number of possible reasons, including our inability to develop products that achieve market acceptance, general economic conditions, increasing competition, decreased growth in the markets in which we operate, or our failure for any reason to capitalize on growth opportunities. Additionally, we may encounter unforeseen operating expenses, difficulties, complications, delays and other unknown factors that may result in losses in future periods. If these losses exceed our expectations or our revenue growth expectations are not met in future periods, our financial performance will be harmed and our stock price could be volatile or decline.

Our operating results have varied and are likely to continue to vary significantly from period to period and may be unpredictable, which could cause the trading price of our common stock to decline.

Our operating results, in particular, revenue, margins and operating expenses, have fluctuated in the past, and we expect this will continue, which makes it difficult for us to predict our future operating results. The timing and size of sales of our products are highly variable and difficult to predict and can result in significant fluctuations in our revenue from period to period. This is particularly true of sales to our largest end-customers, such as service providers, Web giants and governmental organizations, who typically make large and concentrated purchases and for whom close or sales cycles can be long, as a result of their complex networks and data centers, as well as requests that may be made for customized features. Our quarterly results may vary significantly based on when these large end-customers place orders with us and the content of their orders.

Our operating results may also fluctuate due to a number of other factors, many of which are outside of our control and may be difficult to predict. In addition to other risks listed in this “Risk Factors” section, factors that may affect our operating results include:


•	fluctuations in and timing of purchases from, or loss of, large customers;


•	the budgeting cycles and purchasing practices of end-customers;


•	our ability to attract and retain new end-customers;


•	changes in demand for our products and services, including seasonal variations in customer spending patterns or cyclical fluctuations in our markets;


•	our reliance on shipments at the end of our quarters;


•	variations in product mix or geographic locations of our sales, which can affect the revenue we realize for those sales;


•	the timing and success of new product and service introductions by us or our competitors;


•	our ability to increase the size of our distribution channel and to maintain relationships with important distribution channel partners;


•	our ability to improve our overall sales productivity and successfully execute our marketing strategies;


•	the effect of currency exchange rates on our revenue and expenses;


•	the cost and potential outcomes of existing and future litigation;


•	the effect of discounts negotiated by our largest end-customers for sales or pricing pressure from our competitors;


•	changes in the growth rate of the application networking market or changes in market needs;


•	inventory write downs, which may be necessary for our older products when our new products are launched and adopted by our end-customers; and


•	our third-party manufacturers’ and component suppliers’ capacity to meet our product demand forecasts on a timely basis, or at all.

Any one of the factors above or the cumulative effect of some of these factors may result in significant fluctuations in our financial and other operating results. This variability and unpredictability could result in our failure to meet our or our investors’ or securities analysts’ revenue, margin or other operating results expectations for a particular period, resulting in a decline in the trading price of our common stock.

Reliance on shipments at the end of the quarter could cause our revenue for the applicable period to fall below expected levels.

As a result of end-customer buying patterns and the efforts of our sales force and distribution channel partners to meet or exceed their sales objectives, we have historically received a substantial portion of purchase orders and generated a substantial portion of revenue during the last few weeks of each quarter. We may be able to recognize such revenue in the quarter received, however, only if all of the requirements of revenue recognition are met by the end of the quarter. Any significant interruption in our information technology systems, which manage critical functions such as order processing, revenue recognition, financial forecasts, inventory and supply chain management, could result in delayed order fulfillment and thus decreased revenue for that quarter. If expected revenue at the end of any quarter is delayed for any reason, including the failure of anticipated purchase orders to materialize (including delays by our customers or potential customers in consummating such purchase orders), our third-party manufacturers’ inability to manufacture and ship products prior to quarter-end to fulfill purchase orders received near the end of the quarter, our failure to manage inventory to meet demand, our inability to release new products on schedule, any failure of our systems related to order review and processing, or any delays in shipments or achieving specified acceptance criteria, our revenue for that quarter could fall below our, or our investors’ or securities analysts’ expectations, resulting in a decline in the trading price of our common stock.

We face intense competition in our market, especially from larger, well-established companies, and we may lack sufficient financial or other resources to maintain or improve our competitive position.

The application networking market is intensely competitive, and we expect competition to increase in the future. To the extent that we sell our solutions in adjacent markets, we expect to face intense competition in those markets as well. We believe that our main competitors fall into the following categories:


•	Companies that sell products in the traditional ADC market, such as F5 Networks, Inc. (“F5 Networks”) and Citrix Systems, Inc. (“Citrix Systems”);


•	Companies that sell open source, software-only, cloud-based ADC services, such as Avi Networks Inc. (“Avi Networks”), NGINX Inc. (“NGiNX”), and HAProxy Technologies, Inc. (“HAProxy”) as well as many startups;


•	Companies that sell CGN products, which were originally designed for other networking purposes, such as edge routers and security appliances from vendors like Cisco Systems, Inc. (“Cisco Systems”) and Juniper Networks, Inc. (“Juniper Networks”);


•	Companies that sell traditional DDoS protection products, such as Arbor Networks, Inc., a subsidiary of NetScout Systems, (“Arbor Networks”) and Radware, Ltd. (“Radware”):


•	Companies that sell SSL decryption and inspection products, such as Symantec Corporation (through its acquisition of Blue Coat Systems Inc. in 2016) and F5 Networks; and


•	Companies that sell certain network security products, including Secure Web Gateways, SSL Insight/SSL Intercept, data center firewalls and Gi/SGi firewalls.

Many of our competitors are substantially larger and have greater financial, technical, research and development, sales and marketing, manufacturing, distribution and other resources and greater name recognition. In addition, some of our larger competitors have broader products offerings and could leverage their customer relationships based on their other products. Potential customers who have purchased products from our competitors in the past may also prefer to continue to purchase from these competitors rather than change to a new supplier regardless of the performance, price or features of the respective products. We could also face competition from new market entrants, which may include our current technology partners. As we continue to expand globally, we may also see new competitors in different geographic regions. Such current and potential competitors may also establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties that may further enhance their resources.

Many of our existing and potential competitors enjoy substantial competitive advantages, such as:


•	longer operating histories;


•	the capacity to leverage their sales efforts and marketing expenditures across a broader portfolio of products and services at a greater range of prices;


•	the ability to incorporate functionality into existing products to gain business in a manner that discourages users from purchasing our products, including through selling at zero or negative margins, product bundling or closed technology platforms;


•	broader distribution and established relationships with distribution channel partners in a greater number of worldwide locations;


•	access to larger end-customer bases;


•	the ability to use their greater financial resources to attract our research and development engineers as well as other employees of ours;


•	larger intellectual property portfolios; and


•	the ability to bundle competitive offerings with other products and services.

Our ability to compete will depend upon our ability to provide a better solution than our competitors at a competitive price. We may be required to make substantial additional investments in research and development, marketing and sales in order to respond to competition, and there is no assurance that these investments will achieve any returns for us or that we will be able to compete successfully in the future. We also expect increased competition if our market continues to expand. Moreover, conditions in our market could change rapidly and significantly as a result of technological advancements or other factors.

In addition, current or potential competitors may be acquired by third parties that have greater resources available. As a result of these acquisitions, our current or potential competitors might take advantage of the greater resources of the larger organization to compete more vigorously or broadly with us. In addition, continued industry consolidation might adversely impact end-customers’ perceptions of the viability of smaller and even medium-sized networking companies and, consequently, end-customers’ willingness to purchase from companies like us.

As a result, increased competition could lead to fewer end-customer orders, price reductions, reduced margins and loss of market share.

Cloud-based computing trends present competitive and execution risks.

We are experiencing an industry-wide trend of customers considering transitioning from purely on-premise network architectures to a computing environment that may utilize a mixture of existing solutions and various new cloud-based solutions. Concurrently with this transition, pricing and delivery models are also evolving. Many companies in our industry, including some of our competitors, are developing and deploying cloud-based solutions for their customers. In addition, the emergence of new cloud infrastructures may enable new companies to compete with our business. These new competitors may include large cloud providers who can provide their own ADC functionality as well as smaller companies targeting applications that are developed exclusively for delivery in the cloud. We are dedicating significant resources to develop and offer our customers new cloud-based solutions. Also, some of our largest customers are cloud providers that utilize our existing solutions, and we believe that as cloud infrastructures continue to grow our existing solutions may provide benefits to other cloud providers. While we believe our expertise and dedication of resources to developing new cloud-based solutions, together with the benefits that our existing solutions offer cloud providers, represent advantages that provide us with a strong foundation to compete, it is uncertain whether our efforts to develop new cloud-based solutions or our efforts to market and sell our existing solutions to cloud providers will attract the customers or generate the revenue necessary to successfully compete in this new business model. Nor is it clear when or in what manner this new business model will evolve, and this uncertainty may delay purchasing decisions by our customers or prospective customers. Whether we are able to successfully compete depends on our execution in a number of areas, including maintaining the utility, compatibility and performance of our software on the growing assortment of cloud computing platforms and the enhanced interoperability requirements associated with orchestration of cloud computing environments. Any failure to adapt to these evolving trends may reduce our revenues or operating margins and could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

If we are unable to attract new end-customers, sell additional products to our existing end-customers or achieve the anticipated benefits from our investment in additional sales personnel and resources, our revenue may decline, and our gross margin will be adversely affected.

To maintain and increase our revenue, we must continually add new end-customers and sell additional products to existing end-customers. The rate at which new and existing end-customers purchase solutions depends on a number of factors, including some outside of our control, such as general economic conditions. If our efforts to sell our solutions to new end-customers and additional solutions to our existing end-customers are not successful, our business and operating results will suffer.

In certain recent periods, we have added personnel and other resources to our sales and marketing functions, as we focused on growing our business, entering new markets and increasing our market share. We may incur additional expenses by hiring additional sales and marketing personnel and expanding our international operations in order to seek revenue growth. The return on these and future investments may be lower, or may be realized more slowly, than we expect, if realized at all. If we do not achieve the benefits anticipated from these investments, or if the achievement of these benefits is delayed, our growth rates will decline, and our gross margin would likely be adversely affected.

If we are not able to maintain and enhance our brand and reputation, our business and operating results may be harmed in tangible or intangible ways.

We believe that maintaining and enhancing our brand and reputation are critical to our relationships with, and our ability to attract, new end-customers, technology partners and employees. The successful promotion of our brand will depend largely upon our ability to continue to develop, offer and maintain high-quality products and services, our marketing and public relations efforts, and our ability to differentiate our products and services successfully from those of our competitors. Our brand promotion activities may not be successful and may not yield increased revenue. In addition, extension of our brand to products and uses different from our traditional products and services may dilute our brand, particularly if we fail to maintain the quality of products and services in these new areas. We have in the past, and may in the future, become involved in litigation that could negatively affect our brand. If we do not successfully maintain and enhance our brand and reputation, our growth rate may decline, we may have reduced pricing power relative to competitors with stronger brands or reputations, and we could lose end-customers or technology partners, all of which would harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

A limited number of our end-customers, including service providers, make large and concentrated purchases that comprise a significant portion of our revenue. Any loss or delay of expected purchases by our largest end-customers could adversely affect our operating results.

As a result of the nature of our target market and the current stage of our development, a substantial portion of our revenue in any period comes from a limited number of large end-customers, including service providers. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, purchases from our ten largest end-customers accounted for approximately 37%, 35% and 36% of our total revenue, respectively. The composition of the group of these ten largest end-customers changes from period to period, but often includes service providers, who accounted for approximately 40%, 46% and 42% of our total revenue during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively.

Sales to these large end-customers have typically been characterized by large but irregular purchases with long initial sales cycles. After initial deployment, subsequent purchases of our products typically have a more compressed sales cycle. The timing of these purchases and of the requested delivery of the purchased product is difficult to predict. As a consequence, any acceleration or delay in anticipated product purchases by or requested deliveries to our largest end-customers could materially affect our revenue and operating results in any quarter and cause our quarterly revenue and operating results to fluctuate from quarter to quarter.

We cannot provide any assurance that we will be able to sustain or increase our revenue from our largest end-customers nor that we will be able to offset any absence of significant purchases by our largest end-customers in any particular period with purchases by new or existing end-customers in that or a subsequent period. We expect that sales of our products to a limited number of end-customers will continue to contribute materially to our revenue for the foreseeable future. The loss of, or a significant delay or reduction in purchases by, a small number of end-customers could have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Our business could be adversely impacted by changes demanded by our customers in the deployment and payment models for our products.

Our customers have traditionally demanded products deployed in physical, appliance-based on-premise data centers that are paid in full at the time of purchase and include perpetual licenses for our software products. While these products remain central to our business, new deployment and payment models are emerging in our industry that may provide some of our customers with additional technical, business agility and flexibility options. These new models include cloud-based applications provided as SaaS and software subscription licenses where license and service fees are ratable and correlate to the type of service used, the quantity of services consumed or the length of time of the subscription. These models have accounting treatments that may require us to recognize revenue ratably over an extended period of time. If a substantial portion of our customers transition from on-premise-based products to such cloud-based, consumption and subscription-based models, this could adversely affect our operating results and could make it more difficult to compare our operating results during such transition period with our historical operating results.

Some of our large end-customers demand favorable terms and conditions from their vendors and may request price or other concessions from us. As we seek to sell more products to these end-customers, we may agree to terms and conditions that may have an adverse effect on our business.

Some of our large end-customers have significant purchasing power and, accordingly, may request from us and received more favorable terms and conditions, including lower prices than we typically provide. As we seek to sell products to this class of end-customer, we may agree to these terms and conditions, which may include terms that reduce our gross margin and have an adverse effect on our business.

Our gross margin may fluctuate from period to period based on the mix of products sold, the geographic location of our customers, price discounts offered, required inventory write downs and current exchange rate fluctuations.

Our gross margin may fluctuate from period to period in response to a number of factors, such as the mix of our products sold and the geographic locations of our sales. Our products tend to have varying gross margins in different geographic regions. We also may offer pricing discounts from time to time as part of a targeted sales campaign or as a result of pricing pressure from our competitors. In addition, our larger end-customers may negotiate pricing discounts in connection with large orders they place with us. The sale of our products at discounted prices could have a negative impact on our gross margin. We also must manage our inventory of existing products when we introduce new products.

If we are unable to sell the remaining inventory of our older products prior to or following the launch of such new product offerings, we may be forced to write down inventory for such older products, which could also negatively affect our gross margin. Our gross margin may also vary based on international currency exchange rates. In general, our sales are denominated in U.S. dollars; however, in Japan they are denominated in Japanese yen. Changes in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the Japanese yen may therefore affect our actual revenue and gross margin.

We have been, may presently be, or in the future may be, a party to litigation and claims regarding intellectual property rights, resolution of which has been and may in the future be time-consuming, expensive and adverse to us, as well as require a significant amount of resources to prosecute, defend, or make our products non-infringing.

Our industry is characterized by the existence of a large number of patents and by increasingly frequent claims and related litigation based on allegations of infringement or other violations of patent and other intellectual property rights. In the ordinary course of our business, we have been and may presently be in disputes and licensing discussions with others regarding their patents and other claimed intellectual property and proprietary rights. Intellectual property infringement and misappropriation lawsuits and other claims are subject to inherent uncertainties due to the complexity of the technical and legal issues involved, and we cannot be certain that we will be successful in defending ourselves against such claims or in concluding licenses on reasonable terms or at all.

We may have fewer issued patents than some of our major competitors, and therefore may not be able to utilize our patent portfolio effectively to assert defenses or counterclaims in response to patent infringement claims or litigation brought against us by third parties. Further, litigation may involve patent holding companies or other adverse patent owners that have no relevant products revenue and against which our potential patents may provide little or no deterrence. In addition, many potential litigants have the capability to dedicate substantially greater resources than we can to enforce their intellectual property rights and to defend claims that may be brought against them. We expect that infringement claims may increase as the number of product types and the number of competitors in our market increases. Also, to the extent we gain greater visibility, market exposure and competitive success, we face a higher risk of being the subject of intellectual property infringement claims.

If we are found in the future to infringe the proprietary rights of others, or if we otherwise settle such claims, we could be compelled to pay damages or royalties and either obtain a license to those intellectual property rights or alter our products such that they no longer infringe. Any license could be very expensive to obtain or may not be available at all. Similarly, changing our products or processes to avoid infringing the rights of others may be costly, time-consuming or impractical. Alternatively, we could also become subject to an injunction or other court order that could prevent us from offering our products. Any of these claims, regardless of their merit, may be time-consuming, result in costly litigation and diversion of technical and management personnel, or require us to cease using infringing technology, develop non-infringing technology or enter into royalty or licensing agreements.

Many of our commercial agreements require us to indemnify our end-customers, distributors and resellers for certain third-party intellectual property infringement actions related to our technology, which may require us to defend or otherwise become involved in such infringement claims, and we could incur liabilities in excess of the amounts we have received for the relevant products and/or services from our end-customers, distributors or resellers. These types of claims could harm our relationships with our end-customers, distributors and resellers, may deter future end-customers from purchasing our products or could expose us to litigation for these claims. Even if we are not a party to any litigation between an end-customer, distributor or reseller, on the one hand, and a third party, on the other hand, an adverse outcome in any such litigation could make it more difficult for us to defend our intellectual property rights in any subsequent litigation in which we are a named party.

We may not be able to adequately protect our intellectual property, and if we are unable to do so, our competitive position could be harmed, or we could be required to incur significant expenses to enforce our rights.

We rely on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws, and contractual restrictions on disclosure of confidential and proprietary information, to protect our intellectual property. Despite the efforts we take to protect our intellectual property and other proprietary rights, these efforts may not be sufficient or effective at preventing their unauthorized use. In addition, effective trademark, patent, copyright and trade secret protection may not be available or cost-effective in every country in which we have rights. There may be instances where we are not able to protect intellectual property or other proprietary rights in a manner that maximizes competitive advantage. If we are unable to protect our intellectual property and other proprietary rights from unauthorized use, the value of those assets may be reduced, which could negatively impact our business.

We also rely in part on confidentiality and/or assignment agreements with our technology partners, employees, consultants, advisors and others. These protections and agreements may not effectively prevent disclosure of our confidential information and may not provide an adequate remedy in the event of unauthorized disclosure. In addition, others may independently discover our trade secrets and intellectual property information we thought to be proprietary, and in these cases we would not be able to assert any trade secret rights against those parties. Despite our efforts to protect our intellectual property, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy or otherwise obtain and use our intellectual property or technology. Monitoring unauthorized use of our intellectual property is difficult and expensive. We have not made such monitoring a priority to date and will not likely make this a priority in the future. We cannot be certain that the steps we have taken or will take will prevent misappropriation of our technology, particularly in foreign countries where the laws may not protect our proprietary rights as fully as in the United States.

If we fail to protect our intellectual property adequately, our competitors might gain access to our technology, and our business might be harmed. In addition, even if we protect our intellectual property, we may need to license it to competitors, which could also be harmful. For example, we have already licensed all of our issued patents, pending applications, and future patents and patent applications that we may acquire, obtain, apply for or have a right to license to Brocade until May 2025, for the life of each such patent. In addition, we might incur significant expenses in defending our intellectual property rights. Any of our patents, copyrights, trademarks or other intellectual property rights could be challenged by others or invalidated through administrative process or litigation.

We may in the future initiate claims or litigation against third parties for infringement of our proprietary rights or to establish the validity of our proprietary rights. Any litigation, whether or not resolved in our favor, could result in significant expense to us and divert the efforts of our management and technical personnel, as well as cause other claims to be made against us, which might adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

We generate a significant amount of revenue from sales to distributors, resellers, and end-customers outside of the United States, and we are therefore subject to a number of risks that could adversely affect these international sources of our revenue.

A significant portion of our revenue is generated in international markets, including Japan, Western Europe, China, Taiwan and South Korea. During the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, approximately 54%, 51% and 49% of our total revenue, respectively, was generated from customers located outside of the United States. If we are unable to maintain or continue to grow our revenue in these markets, our financial results may suffer.

As a result, we must hire and train experienced personnel to staff and manage our foreign operations. To the extent that we experience difficulties in recruiting, training, managing and retaining an international staff, and specifically sales management and sales personnel, we may experience difficulties in sales productivity in foreign markets. We also seek to enter into distributor and reseller relationships with companies in certain international markets where we do not have a local presence. If we are not able to maintain successful distributor relationships internationally or recruit additional companies to enter into distributor relationships, our future success in these international markets could be limited. Business practices in the international markets that we serve may differ from those in the United States and may require us in the future to include terms in customer contracts other than our standard terms. To the extent that we may enter into customer contracts in the future that include non-standard terms, our operating results may be adversely impacted.

We have a significant presence in international markets and plan to continue to expand our international operations, which exposes us to a number of risks that could affect our future growth.

Our sales team is comprised of field sales and inside sales personnel who are organized by geography and maintain sales presence in 27 countries, including in the following countries and regions: United States, Western Europe, the Middle East, Japan, China, Taiwan, South Korea, Southeast Asia and Latin America. We expect to continue to increase our sales headcount in all markets, particularly in markets where we currently do not have a sales presence. As we continue to expand our international sales and operations, we are subject to a number of risks, including the following:


•	greater difficulty in enforcing contracts and accounts receivable collection and possible longer collection periods;


•	increased expenses incurred in establishing and maintaining office space and equipment for our international operations;


•	greater difficulty in recruiting local experienced personnel, and the costs and expenses associated with such activities;


•	general economic and political conditions in these foreign markets;


•	economic uncertainty around the world, including continued economic uncertainty as a result of sovereign debt issues in Europe and the United Kingdom’s decision to exit the European Union (commonly referred to as “Brexit”);


•	management communication and integration problems resulting from cultural and geographic dispersion;


•	risks associated with trade restrictions and foreign legal requirements, including the importation, certification, and localization of our products required in foreign countries;


•	greater risk of unexpected changes in regulatory practices, tariffs, and tax laws and treaties;


•	the uncertainty of protection for intellectual property rights in some countries;


•	greater risk of a failure of foreign employees to comply with both U.S. and foreign laws, including antitrust regulations, the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (“FCPA”), and any trade regulations ensuring fair trade practices; and


•	heightened risk of unfair or corrupt business practices in certain geographies and of improper or fraudulent sales arrangements that may impact financial results and result in restatements of, or irregularities in, financial statements.

Because of our worldwide operations, we are also subject to risks associated with compliance with applicable anticorruption laws. One such applicable anticorruption law is the FCPA, which generally prohibits U.S. companies and their employees and intermediaries from making payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or keeping business, securing an advantage, or directing business to another, and requires public companies to maintain accurate books and records and a system of internal accounting controls. Under the FCPA, U.S. companies may be held liable for actions taken by directors, officers, employees, agents, or other strategic or local partners or representatives. As such, if we or our intermediaries, such as channel partners and distributors, fail to comply with the requirements of the FCPA or similar legislation, governmental authorities in the United States and elsewhere could seek to impose civil and/or criminal fines and penalties which could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

We are exposed to fluctuations in currency exchange rates, which could negatively affect our results of operations.

Our consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows are subject to fluctuations due to changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Historically, the majority of our revenue contracts are denominated in U.S. dollars, with the most significant exception being Japan, where we invoice primarily in the Japanese yen. Our expenses are generally denominated in the currencies in which our operations are located, which is primarily in North America and Japan. Revenue resulting from selling in local currencies and costs incurred in local currencies are exposed to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations that can affect our operating income. The currency exchange impact of the foreign exchange rates on our net loss was $1.4 million unfavorable for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and $0.4 million unfavorable for the year ended December 31, 2017. As exchange rates vary, our operating income may differ from expectations. To the extent our foreign currency exposures become more material, we may elect to deploy normal and customary hedging practices designed to more proactively mitigate such exposure. The use of such hedging activities may not offset any, or more than a portion, of the adverse financial effects of unfavorable movements in currency exchange rates over the limited time the hedges are in place and would not protect us from long term shifts in currency exchange rates.

Our success depends on our key personnel and our ability to hire, retain and motivate qualified product development, sales, marketing and finance personnel.

Our success depends to a significant degree upon the continued contributions of our key management, product development, sales, marketing and finance personnel, many of whom may be difficult to replace. The complexity of our products, their integration into existing networks and ongoing support of our products requires us to retain highly trained professional services, customer support and sales personnel with specific expertise related to our business. Competition for qualified professional services, customer support, engineering and sales personnel in our industry is intense, because of the limited number of people available with the necessary technical skills and understanding of our products. Our ability to recruit and hire these personnel is harmed by tightening labor markets, particularly in the engineering field, in several of our key geographic hiring areas. We may not be successful in attracting, integrating, or retaining qualified personnel to fulfill our current or future needs, nor may we be successful in keeping the qualified personnel we currently have. Our ability to hire and retain these personnel may be adversely affected by volatility or reductions in the price of our common stock, since these employees are generally granted equity-based awards.

Our future performance also depends on the continued services and continuing contributions of our senior management to execute on our business plan and to identify and pursue new opportunities and product innovations. In particular, Lee Chen, our founder and Chief Executive Officer, and Rajkumar Jalan, our Chief Technology Officer, are critical to the development of our technology and the future vision and strategic direction of our company. The loss of services of senior management could significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our development and strategic objectives, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and operating results.

Adverse general economic conditions or reduced information technology spending may adversely impact our business.

A substantial portion of our business depends on the demand for information technology by large enterprises and service providers, the overall economic health of our current and prospective end-customers and the continued growth and evolution of the Internet. The timing of the purchase of our products is often discretionary and may involve a significant commitment of capital and other resources. Volatility in the global economic market or other effects of global or regional economic weakness, including limited availability of credit, a reduction in business confidence and activity, deficit-driven austerity measures that continue to affect governments and educational institutions, and other difficulties may affect one or more of the industries to which we sell our products and services. If economic conditions in the United States, Europe and other key markets for our products continue to be volatile or do not improve or those markets experience another downturn, many end-customers may delay or reduce their IT spending. This could result in reductions in sales of our products and services, longer sales cycles, slower adoption of new technologies and increased price competition. Any of these events would likely harm our business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, there can be no assurance that IT spending levels will increase following any recovery.

Exposure to UK political developments, including the outcome of the UK referendum on membership in the European Union, could have a material adverse effect on us.

On June 23, 2016, a referendum was held on the United Kingdom’s membership in the European Union, the outcome of which was a vote in favor of leaving the European Union (commonly referred to as “Brexit”). The Brexit vote creates an uncertain political and economic environment in the United Kingdom and potentially across other European Union member states, which may last for a number of months or years.

The result of the Brexit vote means that the nature of the United Kingdom’s long-term relationship with the European Union is unclear and that there is considerable uncertainty as to when any such relationship will be agreed and implemented. In the interim, there is a risk of economic instability for both the United Kingdom and the European Union, which could adversely affect our results, financial condition and prospects.

The political and economic uncertainty created by the Brexit vote has caused and may continue to cause significant volatility in global financial markets and in the value of the Pound Sterling currency or other currencies, including the Euro. Depending on the terms reached regarding any exit from the European Union, it is possible that there may be adverse practical and/or operational implications on our business.

Consequently, no assurance can be given as to the overall impact of the Brexit and, in particular, no assurance can be given that our operating results, financial condition and prospects would not be adversely impacted by the result.

We are dependent on third-party manufacturers, and changes to those relationships, expected or unexpected, may result in delays or disruptions that could harm our business.

We outsource the manufacturing of our hardware components to third-party original design manufacturers who assemble these hardware components to our specifications. Our primary manufacturers are Lanner and AEWIN, each of which is located in Taiwan. Our reliance on these third-party manufacturers reduces our control over the manufacturing process and exposes us to risks, including reduced control over quality assurance, product costs, and product supply and timing. Any manufacturing disruption at these manufacturers could severely impair our ability to fulfill orders. Our reliance on outsourced manufacturers also may create the potential for infringement or misappropriation of our intellectual property rights or confidential information. If we are unable to manage our relationships with these manufacturers effectively, or if these manufacturers suffer delays or disruptions for any reason, experience increased manufacturing lead-times, experience capacity constraints or quality control problems in their manufacturing operations, or fail to meet our future requirements for timely delivery, our ability to ship products to our end-customers would be severely impaired, and our business and operating results would be seriously harmed.

These manufacturers typically fulfill our supply requirements on the basis of individual orders. We do not have long-term contracts with our manufacturers that guarantee capacity, the continuation of particular pricing terms, or the extension of credit limits. Accordingly, they are not obligated to continue to fulfill our supply requirements, which could result in supply shortages, and the prices we are charged for manufacturing services could be increased on short notice. In addition, our orders may represent a relatively small percentage of the overall orders received by our manufacturers from their customers. As a result, fulfilling our orders may not be considered a priority by one or more of our manufacturers in the event the manufacturer is constrained in its ability to fulfill all of its customer obligations in a timely manner.

Although the services required to manufacture our hardware components may be readily available from a number of established manufacturers, it is time-consuming and costly to qualify and implement such relationships. If we are required to change manufacturers, whether due to an interruption in one of our manufacturers’ businesses, quality control problems or otherwise, or if we are required to engage additional manufacturers, our ability to meet our scheduled product deliveries to our customers could be adversely affected, which could cause the loss of sales to existing or potential customers, delayed revenue or an increase in our costs that could adversely affect our gross margin.

Because some of the key components in our products come from limited sources of supply, we are susceptible to supply shortages or supply changes, which could disrupt or delay our scheduled product deliveries to our end-customers and may result in the loss of sales and end-customers.

Our products incorporate key components, including certain integrated circuits that we and our third-party manufacturers purchase on our behalf from a limited number of suppliers, including some sole-source providers. In addition, the lead times associated with these and other components of our products can be lengthy and preclude rapid changes in quantities and delivery schedules. Moreover, long-term supply and maintenance obligations to our end-customers increase the duration for which specific components are required, which may further increase the risk we may incur component shortages or the cost of carrying inventory. If we are unable to obtain a sufficient quantity of these components in a timely manner for any reason, sales and/or shipments of our products could be delayed or halted, which would seriously affect present and future sales and cause damage to end-customer relationships, which would, in turn, adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

In addition, our component suppliers change their selling prices frequently in response to market trends, including industry-wide increases in demand, and because we do not necessarily have contracts with these suppliers, we are susceptible to price fluctuations related to raw materials and components. If we are unable to pass component price increases along to our end-customers or maintain stable pricing, our gross margin and operating results could be negatively impacted. Furthermore, poor quality in sole-sourced components or certain other components in our products could also result in lost sales or lost sales opportunities. If the quality of such components does not meet our standards or our end-customers’ requirements, if we are unable to obtain components from our existing suppliers on commercially reasonable terms, or if any of our sole source providers cease to continue to manufacture such components or to remain in business, we could be forced to redesign our products and qualify new components from alternate suppliers. The development of alternate sources for those components can be time-consuming, difficult and costly, and we may not be able to develop alternate or second sources in a timely manner. Even if we are able to locate alternate sources of supply, we could be forced to pay for expedited shipments of such components or our products at dramatically increased costs.

Real or perceived defects, errors, or vulnerabilities in our products or services or the failure of our products or services to block a threat or prevent a security breach could harm our reputation and adversely impact our results of operations.

Because our products and services are complex, they have contained and may contain design or manufacturing defects or errors that are not detected until after their commercial release and deployment by our customers. Even if we discover those weaknesses, we may not be able to correct them promptly, if at all. Defects may cause our products to be vulnerable to security attacks, cause them to fail to help secure networks, or temporarily interrupt end-customers’ networking traffic. Furthermore, our products may fail to detect or prevent malware, viruses, worms or similar threats for any number of reasons, including our failure to enhance and expand our platform to reflect industry trends, new technologies and new operating environments, the complexity of the environment of our end-customers and the sophistication of malware, viruses and other threats. Data thieves and hackers are increasingly sophisticated, often affiliated with organized crime or state-sponsored groups, and may operate large-scale and complex automated attacks. The techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or to sabotage networks change frequently and may not be recognized until launched against a target. Additionally, as a well-known provider of enterprise security solutions, our networks, products, and services could be targeted by attacks specifically designed to disrupt our business and harm our reputation. As our products are adopted by an increasing number of enterprises and governments, it is possible that the individuals and organizations behind advanced attacks will focus on finding ways to defeat our products. In addition, defects or errors in our updates to our products could result in a failure of our services to effectively update end-customers’ products and thereby leave our end-customers vulnerable to attacks. Our data centers and networks may experience technical failures and downtime, may fail to distribute appropriate updates, or may fail to meet the increased requirements of a growing installed end-customer base, any of which could temporarily or permanently expose our end-customers’ networks, leaving their networks unprotected against security threats. Our end-customers may also misuse or wrongly configure our products or otherwise fall prey to attacks that our products cannot protect against, which may result in loss or a breach of business data, data being inaccessible due to a “ransomware” attack, or other security incidents. For all of these reasons, we may be unable to anticipate all data security threats or provide a solution in time to protect our end-customers’ networks. If we fail to identify and respond to new and increasingly complex methods of attack and to update our products to detect or prevent such threats in time to protect our end-customers’ critical business data, our business, operating results and reputation could suffer.

If any companies or governments that are publicly known to use our platform are the subject of a cyberattack that becomes publicized, our other current or potential channel partners or end-customers may look to our competitors for alternatives to our products. Real or perceived security breaches of our end-customers’ networks could cause disruption or damage to their networks or other negative consequences and could result in negative publicity to us, damage to our reputation, declining sales, increased expenses and end-customer relations issues. To the extent potential end-customers or industry analysts believe that the occurrence of any actual or perceived failure of our products to detect or prevent malware, viruses, worms or similar threats is a flaw or indicates that our products do not provide significant value, our reputation and business could be harmed.

Any real or perceived defects, errors, or vulnerabilities in our products, or any failure of our products to detect a threat, could result in:


•	a loss of existing or potential end-customers or channel partners;


•	delayed or lost revenue;


•	a delay in attaining, or the failure to attain, market acceptance;


•	the expenditure of significant financial and product development resources in efforts to analyze, correct, eliminate, or work around errors or defects, to address and eliminate vulnerabilities, to remediate harms potentially caused by those vulnerabilities, or to identify and ramp up production with third-party providers;


•	an increase in warranty claims, or an increase in the cost of servicing warranty claims, either of which would adversely affect our gross margins;


•	harm to our reputation or brand; and


•	litigation, regulatory inquiries, or investigations that may be costly and further harm our reputation.

Although we maintain cyber liability coverage that may cover certain liabilities in connection with a security breach, we cannot be certain that our insurance coverage will be adequate for liabilities actually incurred, that insurance will continue

to be available to use on commercially reasonable terms, or at all, or that any insurer will not deny coverage as to any future claim. The successful assertion of one or more large claims against us that exceed available insurance coverage, or the occurrence of changes in our insurance policies, including premium increases or the imposition of large deductible or co-insurance requirements, could have a material adverse effect on our business, including our financial condition, results of operation and reputation.

Our business is subject to the risks of warranty claims, product returns, product liability, and product defects.

Real or perceived errors, failures or bugs in our products could result in claims by end-customers for losses that they sustain. If end-customers make these types of claims, we may be required, or may choose, for customer relations or other reasons, to expend additional resources in order to help correct the problem. Historically, the amount of warranty claims has not been significant, but there are no assurances that the amount of such claims will not be material in the future. Liability provisions in our standard terms and conditions of sale, and those of our resellers and distributors, may not be enforceable under some circumstances or may not fully or effectively protect us from customer claims and related liabilities and costs, including indemnification obligations under our agreements with resellers, distributors or end-customers. The sale and support of our products also entail the risk of product liability claims. We maintain insurance to protect against certain types of claims associated with the use of our products, but our insurance coverage may not adequately cover any such claims. In addition, even claims that ultimately are unsuccessful could result in expenditures of funds in connection with litigation and divert management’s time and other resources.

Failure to protect and ensure the confidentiality and security of data could lead to legal liability, adversely affect our reputation and have a material adverse effect on our operating results, business and reputation.

We may collect, store and use certain confidential information in the course of providing our services, and we have invested in preserving the security of this data. We may also outsource operations to third-party service providers to whom we transmit certain confidential data. There are no assurances that any security measures we have in place, or any additional security measures that our subcontractors may have in place, will be sufficient to protect this confidential information from unauthorized security breaches.

We cannot assure you that, despite the implementation of these security measures, we will not be subject to a security incident or other data breach or that this data will not be compromised. We may be required to expend significant capital and other resources to protect against security breaches or to alleviate problems caused by security breaches, or to pay penalties as a result of such breaches. Despite our implementation of security measures, techniques used to obtain unauthorized access or to sabotage systems change frequently and may not be recognized until launched against a target. As a result, we may be unable to anticipate these techniques or implement adequate preventative measures to protect this data. In addition, security breaches can also occur as a result of non-technical issues, including intentional or inadvertent breaches by our employees or service providers or by other persons or entities with whom we have commercial relationships. Any compromise or perceived compromise of our security could damage our reputation with our end-customers, and could subject us to significant liability, as well as regulatory action, including financial penalties, which would materially adversely affect our brand, results of operations, financial condition, business and prospects.

We have incurred, and expect to continue to incur, significant costs to protect against security breaches. We may incur significant additional costs in the future to address problems caused by any actual or perceived security breaches.

Breaches of our security measures or those of our third-party service providers, or other security incidents, could result in: unauthorized access to our sites, networks and systems; unauthorized access to, misuse or misappropriation of information, including personally identifiable information, or other confidential or proprietary information of ourselves or third parties; viruses, worms, spyware or other malware being served from our sites, networks or systems; deletion or modification of content or the display of unauthorized content on our sites; interruption, disruption or malfunction of operations; costs relating to notification of individuals, or other forms of breach remediation; deployment of additional personnel and protection technologies; response to governmental investigations and media inquiries and coverage; engagement of third-party experts and consultants; litigation, regulatory investigations, prosecutions, and other actions; and other potential liabilities. If any of these events occurs, or is believed to occur, our reputation and brand could be damaged, our business may suffer, we could be required to expend significant capital and other resources to alleviate problems caused by such actual or perceived breaches, we could be exposed to a risk of loss, litigation or regulatory action and possible liability, and our ability to operate our business, including our ability to provide maintenance and support services to our channel partners and end-customers, may be impaired. If current or prospective channel partners and end-customers believe that our systems and solutions do not provide adequate security for their businesses’ needs, our business and our financial results could be harmed. Additionally, actual, potential or

anticipated attacks may cause us to incur increasing costs, including costs to deploy additional personnel and protection technologies, train employees and engage third-party experts and consultants.

Although we maintain privacy, data breach and network security liability insurance, we cannot be certain that our coverage will be adequate for liabilities actually incurred or that insurance will continue to be available to us on economically reasonable terms, or at all. Any actual or perceived compromise or breach of our security measures, or those of our third-party service providers, or any unauthorized access to, misuse or misappropriation of personally identifiable information, channel partners’ or end-customers information, or other information, could violate applicable laws and regulations, contractual obligations or other legal obligations and cause significant legal and financial exposure, adverse publicity and a loss of confidence in our security measures, any of which could have an material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and operating results.

Our failure to adequately protect personal data could have a material adverse effect on our business.

A wide variety of provincial, state, national, foreign, and international laws and regulations apply to the collection, use, retention, protection, disclosure, transfer, and other processing of personal data. These data protection and privacy-related laws and regulations are evolving and being tested in courts and may result in ever-increasing regulatory and public scrutiny and escalating levels of enforcement and sanctions. For example, the European Union has adopted a General Data Protection Regulation, or GDPR, which superseded the Data Protection Directive. This regulation, which took full effect on May 25, 2018, has caused EU data protection requirements to be more stringent and provide for greater penalties. Noncompliance with the GDPR can trigger fines of up to €20 million or 4% of global annual revenues, whichever is higher. The United Kingdom also recently enacted legislation that substantially implements the GDPR. Additionally, California recently enacted the California Consumer Privacy Act, or CCPA, that will, among other things, require covered companies to provide new disclosures to California consumers, and afford such consumers new abilities to opt-out of certain sales of personal information, when it goes into effect on January 1, 2020. The CCPA recently was amended, and it is possible that it will be amended again before it goes into effect. We cannot yet predict the impact of the CCPA on our business or operations, but it may require us to modify our data processing practices and policies and to incur substantial costs and expenses in an effort to comply. Our failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations, or to protect such data, could result in enforcement action against us, including significant fines, imprisonment of company officials and public censure, claims for damages by end-customers and other affected persons and entities, damage to our reputation and loss of goodwill (both in relation to existing and prospective channel partners and end-customers), and other forms of injunctive or operations-limiting relief, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our operations, financial performance, and business. Evolving and changing definitions of personal data and personal information, within the European Union, the United States, and elsewhere, especially relating to classification of Internet Protocol (“IP”) addresses, machine identification, location data, biometric data and other information, may limit or inhibit our ability to operate or expand our business, including limiting strategic partnerships that may involve the sharing of data. We may be required to expend significant resources to modify our solutions and otherwise adapt to these changes, which we may be unable to do on commercially reasonable terms or at all, and our ability to develop new solutions and features could be limited. These developments could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations. Even if not subject to legal challenge, the perception of privacy concerns, whether or not valid, may harm our reputation and inhibit adoption of our products by current and prospective end-customers.

If the general level of advanced cyberattacks declines, or is perceived by our current or potential customers to have declined, our business could be harmed.

Our security business may be dependent on enterprises and governments recognizing that advanced cyberattacks are pervasive and are not effectively prevented by legacy security solutions. High visibility attacks on prominent companies and governments have increased market awareness of advanced cyberattacks and help to provide an impetus for enterprises and governments to devote resources to protecting against advanced cyberattacks, which may include testing, purchasing and deploying our products. If advanced cyberattacks were to decline, or enterprises or governments perceived a decline in the general level of advanced cyberattacks, our ability to attract new channel partners and end-customers and expand our offerings within existing channel partners and end-customers could be materially and adversely affected. An actual or perceived reduction in the threat landscape could increase our sales cycles and harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Undetected software or hardware errors may harm our business and results of operations.

Our products may contain undetected errors or defects when first introduced or as new versions are released. We have experienced these errors or defects in the past in connection with new products and product upgrades. We expect that these errors or defects will be found from time to time in new or enhanced products after commencement of commercial distribution.

These problems have in the past and may in the future cause us to incur significant warranty and repair costs, divert the attention of our engineering personnel from our product development efforts and cause significant customer relations problems. We may also be subject to liability claims for damages related to product errors or defects. While we carry insurance policies covering this type of liability, these policies may not provide sufficient protection should a claim be asserted. A material product liability claim may harm our business and results of operations.

Any errors, defects or vulnerabilities in our products could result in:


•	expenditures of significant financial and product development resources in efforts to analyze, correct, eliminate or work around errors and defects or to address and eliminate vulnerabilities;


•	loss of existing or potential end-customers or distribution channel partners;


•	delayed or lost revenue;


•	delay or failure to attain market acceptance;


•	indemnification obligations under our agreements with resellers, distributors and/or end-customers;


•	an increase in warranty claims compared with our historical experience or an increased cost of servicing warranty claims, either of which would adversely affect our gross margin; and


•	litigation, regulatory inquiries, or investigations that may be costly and harm our reputation.

Our use of open source software in our products could negatively affect our ability to sell our products and subject us to possible litigation.

We incorporate open source software such as the Linux operating system kernel into our products. We have implemented a formal open source use policy, including written guidelines for use of open source software and business processes for approval of that use. We have developed and implemented our open source policies according to industry practice; however, best practices in this area are subject to change, because there is little reported case law on the interpretation of material terms of many open source licenses. We are in the process of reviewing our open source use and our compliance with open source licenses and implementing remediation and changes necessary to comply with the open source licenses related thereto. We cannot guarantee that our use of open source software has been, and will be, managed effectively for our intended business purposes and/or compliant with applicable open source licenses. We may face legal action by third parties seeking to enforce their intellectual property rights related to our use of such open source software. Failure to adequately manage open source license compliance and our use of open source software may result in unanticipated obligations regarding our products and services, such as a requirement that we license proprietary portions of our products or services on unfavorable terms, that we make available source code for modifications or derivative works we created based upon, incorporating or using open source software, that we license such modifications or derivative works under the terms of the particular open source license and/or that we redesign the affected products or services, which could result, for example, in a loss of intellectual property rights, or delay in providing our products and services. From time to time, there have been claims against companies that distribute or use third-party open source software in their products and services, asserting that the open source software or its combination with the products or services infringes third parties’ patents or copyrights, or that the companies’ distribution or use of the open source software does not comply with the terms of the applicable open source licenses. Use of certain open source software can lead to greater risks than use of warranted third-party commercial software, as open source licensors generally do not provide warranties or controls on the origin of such open source software. From time to time, there have been claims against companies that use open source software in their products, challenging the ownership of rights in such open source software. As a result, we could also be subject to suits by parties claiming ownership of rights in what we believe to be open source software and so challenging our right to use such software in our products. If any such claims were asserted against us, we could be required to incur significant legal expenses defending against such a claim. Further, if our defenses to such a claim were not successful, we could be, for example, subject to significant damages, be required to seek licenses from third parties in order to continue offering our products and services without infringing such third party’s intellectual property rights, be required to re-engineer such products and services, or be required to discontinue making available such products and services if re-engineering cannot be accomplished on a timely or successful basis. The need to engage in these or other remedies could increase our costs or otherwise adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

Our products must interoperate with operating systems, software applications and hardware that are developed by others and if we are unable to devote the necessary resources to ensure that our products interoperate with such software and hardware, we may fail to increase, or we may lose market share and we may experience a weakening demand for our products.

Our products must interoperate with our end-customers’ existing infrastructure, specifically their networks, servers, software and operating systems, which may be manufactured by a wide variety of vendors and original equipment manufacturers. As a result, when problems occur in a network, it may be difficult to identify the source of the problem. The occurrence of software or hardware problems, whether caused by our products or another vendor’s products, may result in the delay or loss of market acceptance of our products. In addition, when new or updated versions of our end-customers’ software operating systems or applications are introduced, we must sometimes develop updated versions of our software so that our products will interoperate properly. We may not accomplish these development efforts quickly, cost-effectively or at all. These development efforts require capital investment and the devotion of engineering resources. If we fail to maintain compatibility with these applications, our end-customers may not be able to adequately utilize our products, and we may, among other consequences, fail to increase, or we may lose market share and experience a weakening in demand for our products, which would adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

We license technology from third parties, and our inability to maintain those licenses could harm our business.

Many of our products include proprietary technologies licensed from third parties. In the future, it may be necessary to renew licenses for third party technology or obtain new licenses for other technology. These third-party licenses may not be available to us on acceptable terms, if at all. As a result, we could also face delays or be unable to make changes to our products until equivalent technology can be identified, licensed or developed and integrated with our products. Such delays or an inability to make changes to our products, if it were to occur, could adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition. The inability to obtain certain licenses to third-party technology, or litigation regarding the interpretation or enforcement of license agreements and related intellectual property issues, could have a material adverse effect on our business, operating results and financial condition.

Failure to prevent excess inventories or inventory shortages could result in decreased revenue and gross margin and harm our business.

We purchase products from our manufacturers outside of, and in advance of, reseller or end-customer orders, which we hold in inventory and sell. We place orders with our manufacturers based on our forecasts of our end-customers’ requirements and forecasts provided by our distribution channel partners. These forecasts are based on multiple assumptions, each of which might cause our estimates to be inaccurate, affecting our ability to provide products to our customers. There is a risk we may be unable to sell excess products ordered from our manufacturers. Inventory levels in excess of customer demand may result in obsolete inventory and inventory write-downs. The sale of excess inventory at discounted prices could impair our brand image and have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. Conversely, if we underestimate demand for our products or if our manufacturers fail to supply products we require at the time we need them, we may experience inventory shortages. Inventory shortages might delay shipments to resellers, distributors and customers and cause us to lose sales. These shortages may diminish the loyalty of our distribution channel partners or customers.

The difficulty in forecasting demand also makes it difficult to estimate our future financial condition and results of operations from period to period. A failure to accurately predict the level of demand for our products could adversely affect our total revenue and net income, and we are unlikely to forecast such effects with any certainty in advance.

Our sales cycles can be long and unpredictable, primarily due to the complexity of our end-customers’ networks and data centers and the length of their budget cycles. As a result, our sales and revenue are difficult to predict and may vary substantially from period to period, which may cause our operating results to fluctuate significantly.

The timing of our sales is difficult to predict because of the length and unpredictability of our products’ sales cycles. A sales cycle is the period between initial contact with a prospective end-customer and any sale of our products. Our sales cycle, in particular to our large end-customers, may be lengthy due to the complexity of their networks and data centers. Because of this complexity, prospective end-customers generally consider a number of factors over an extended period of time before committing to purchase our products. End-customers often view the purchase of our products as a significant and strategic decision that can have important implications on their existing networks and data centers and, as a result, require considerable time to evaluate, test and qualify our products prior to making a purchase decision and placing an order to ensure that our products will successfully interoperate with our end-customers’ complex network and data centers. Additionally, the budgetary decisions at these entities can be lengthy and require multiple organization reviews. The length of time that end-customers

devote to their evaluation of our products and decision making process varies significantly. The length of our products’ sales cycles typically ranges from three to 12 months but can be longer for our large end-customers. In addition, the length of our close or sales cycle can be affected by the extent to which customized features are requested, in particular in our large deals.

For all of these reasons, it is difficult to predict whether a sale will be completed or the particular fiscal period in which a sale will be completed, both of which contribute to the uncertainty of our future operating results. If our close or sales cycles lengthen, our revenue could be lower than expected, which would have an adverse impact on our operating results and could cause our stock price to decline.

Our ability to sell our products is highly dependent on the quality of our support and services offerings, and our failure to offer high-quality support could have a material adverse effect on our business, revenue and results of operations.

We believe that our ability to provide consistent, high quality customer service and technical support is a key factor in attracting and retaining end-customers of all sizes and is critical to the deployment of our products. When support is purchased our end-customers depend on our support organization to provide a broad range of support services, including on-site technical support, 24-hour support and shipment of replacement parts on an expedited basis. If our support organization or our distribution channel partners do not assist our end-customers in deploying our products effectively, succeed in helping our end-customers resolve post-deployment issues quickly, or provide ongoing support, it could adversely affect our ability to sell our products to existing end-customers and could harm our reputation with potential end-customers. We currently have technical support centers in the United States, Japan, China, India and the Netherlands. As we continue to expand our operations internationally, our support organization will face additional challenges, including those associated with delivering support, training and documentation in languages other than English.

We typically sell our products with maintenance and support as part of the initial purchase, and a substantial portion of our support revenue comes from renewals of maintenance and support contracts. Our end-customers have no obligation to renew their maintenance and support contracts after the expiration of the initial period. If we are unable to provide high quality support, our end-customers may elect not to renew their maintenance and support contracts or to reduce the product quantity under their maintenance and support contracts, thereby reducing our future revenue from maintenance and support contracts.

Our failure or the failure of our distribution channel partners to maintain high-quality support and services could have a material and adverse effect on our business, revenue and operating results.

We depend on growth in markets relating to network security, management and analysis, and lack of growth or contraction in one or more of these markets could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

Demand for our products is linked to, among other things, growth in the size and complexity of network infrastructures and the demand for networking technologies addressing the security, management and analysis of such infrastructures. These markets are dynamic and evolving. Our future financial performance will depend in large part on continued growth in the number of organizations investing in their network infrastructure and the amount they commit to such investments. If this demand declines, our results of operations and financial condition would be materially and adversely affected. Segments of the network infrastructure industry have in the past experienced significant economic downturns. Furthermore, the market for network infrastructure may not continue to grow at historic rates, or at all. The occurrence of any of these factors in the markets relating to network security, management and analysis could materially and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Our revenue growth rate in recent periods may not be indicative of our future performance.

You should not consider our revenue growth rate in recent periods as indicative of our future performance. We have recently experienced revenue growth rates of 4%, 16% and 9% in 2017, 2016 and 2015 compared to the same prior periods. We may not achieve similar revenue growth rates in future periods. You should not rely on our revenue for any prior quarterly or annual periods as any indication of our future revenue or revenue growth. If we are unable to maintain consistent revenue or revenue growth, our stock price could be volatile, and it may be difficult to achieve and maintain profitability.

Our business and operations have experienced rapid growth in certain prior periods and may experience rapid growth at certain times in the future, and if we do not effectively manage any future growth or are unable to improve our controls, systems and processes, our operating results will be adversely affected.

In certain recent periods, we have significantly increased the number of our employees and independent contractors. As we hire new employees and independent contractors and expand into new locations outside the United States, we are

required to comply with varying local laws for each of these new locations. We anticipate that further expansion of our infrastructure and headcount will be required. Our growth has placed, and will continue to place, a significant strain on our administrative and operational infrastructure and financial resources. Our ability to manage our operations and growth across multiple countries will require us to continue to refine our operational, financial and management controls, human resource policies, and reporting systems and processes.

We need to continue to improve our internal systems, processes, and controls to effectively manage our operations and growth. We may not be able to successfully implement improvements to these systems, processes and controls in an efficient or timely manner. In addition, our systems and processes may not prevent or detect all errors, omissions or fraud. For example, as described in Item 4, “Controls and Procedures,” of this report, we recently identified material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting and concluded that our internal control over financial reporting and our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of September 30, 2018, June 30, 2018, March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017. We may experience difficulties in managing improvements to our systems, processes, and controls or in connection with third-party software, which could impair our ability to provide products or services to our customers in a timely manner, causing us to lose customers, limit us to smaller deployments of our products, increase our technical support costs, or damage our reputation and brand. Our failure to improve our systems and processes, or their failure to operate in the intended manner, may result in our inability to manage the growth of our business and to accurately forecast our revenue, expenses, and earnings, or to prevent certain losses, any of which may harm our business and results of operations.

We may not be able to sustain or develop new distributor and reseller relationships, and a reduction or delay in sales to significant distribution channel partners could hurt our business.

We sell our products and services through multiple distribution channels in the United States and internationally. We may not be able to increase our number of distributor or reseller relationships or maintain our existing relationships. Recruiting and retaining qualified distribution channel partners and training them on our technologies requires significant time and resources. These distribution channel partners may also market, sell and support products and services that are competitive with ours and may devote more resources to the marketing, sales and support of such competitive products. Our sales channel structure could subject us to lawsuits, potential liability and reputational harm if, for example, any of our distribution channel partners misrepresent the functionality of our products or services to end-customers or violate laws or our corporate policies. If we are unable to establish or maintain our sales channels or if our distribution channel partners are unable to adapt to our future sales focus and needs, our business and results of operations will be harmed.

The terms of the 2016 Credit Facility could restrict our operations, particularly our ability to respond to changes in our business or to take specified actions.

In November 2016, we entered into a loan and security agreement (the “2016 Credit Facility”) with Silicon Valley Bank (“SVB”), as the lender. The 2016 Credit Facility contains a number of restrictive covenants that impose operating and financial restrictions on us, including restrictions on our ability to take actions that may be in our best interests. The 2016 Credit Facility requires us to satisfy specified covenants. As of the date of this filing, we had no outstanding balance under the 2016 Credit Facility and were in compliance with all facility covenants. However, we have experienced noncompliance with the covenants under the 2016 Credit Facility in connection with our late submission of quarterly financial statements and annual audited financial statements. While we view this as a one-time event, and while we were able to successfully negotiate a forbearance for such default and ultimately deliver the required financial statements, we may in the future fail to comply with the terms of the 2016 Credit Facility and be unable to negotiate a waiver or forbearance of any such defaults with our lender. If we fail to comply with these covenants in the future, SVB could elect to declare all amounts outstanding under the 2016 Credit Facility to be immediately due and payable and terminate all commitments to extend further credit. If SVB accelerates the repayment, if any, we may not have sufficient funds to repay our existing debt. If we were unable to repay those amounts, SVB could proceed against the collateral granted to it to secure such indebtedness. We have pledged substantially all of our assets, excluding our intellectual property, as collateral under the 2016 Credit Facility.

Our sales to governmental organizations are subject to a number of challenges and risks.

We sell to governmental organization end-customers. Sales to governmental organizations are subject to a number of challenges and risks. Selling to governmental organizations can be highly competitive, expensive and time consuming, often requiring significant upfront time and expense without any assurance that these efforts will generate a sale. We have not yet received security clearance from the United States government, which prevents us from being able to sell directly for certain governmental uses. There can be no assurance that such clearance will be obtained, and failure to do so may adversely affect our operating results. Governmental organization demand and payment for our products may be impacted by public sector budgetary cycles and funding authorizations, with funding reductions or delays adversely affecting public sector demand for

our products. Governmental organizations may have statutory, contractual or other legal rights to terminate contracts with our distributors and resellers for convenience or due to a default, and any such termination may adversely impact our future operating results.

Failure to comply with governmental laws and regulations could harm our business.

Our business is subject to regulation by various federal, state, local and foreign governmental entities, including agencies responsible for monitoring and enforcing employment and labor laws, workplace safety, product safety, environmental laws, consumer protection laws, anti-bribery laws, import/export controls, federal securities laws, and tax laws and regulations. In certain jurisdictions, these regulatory requirements may be more stringent than those in the United States. Noncompliance with applicable regulations or requirements could subject us to investigations, sanctions, mandatory product recalls, enforcement actions, disgorgement of profits, fines, damages, civil and criminal penalties or injunctions. If any governmental sanctions are imposed, or if we do not prevail in any possible civil or criminal litigation, our business, operating results, and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. In addition, responding to any action will likely result in a significant diversion of management’s attention and resources and an increase in professional fees. Enforcement actions and sanctions could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

We are subject to governmental export and import controls that could subject us to liability or impair our ability to compete in international markets.

Our products are subject to U.S. export controls and may be exported outside the United States only with the required level of export license or through an export license exception because we incorporate encryption technology into our products. In addition, various countries regulate the import of certain encryption technology and have enacted laws that could limit our ability to distribute our products or our end-customers’ ability to implement our products in those countries. Changes in our products or changes in export and import regulations may create delays in the introduction of our products in international markets, prevent our end-customers with international operations from deploying our products throughout their global systems or, in some cases, prevent the export or import of our products to certain countries altogether. Any change in export or import regulations or related legislation, shift in approach to the enforcement or scope of existing regulations or change in the countries, persons or technologies targeted by such regulations, could result in decreased use of our products by, or in our decreased ability to export or sell our products to, existing or potential end-customers with international operations. Any decreased use of our products or limitation on our ability to export or sell our products would likely adversely affect our business, operating results and financial condition.

We discovered that trial software was inadvertently available for download by any international user and, on limited occasions, was downloaded by individuals located in a U.S. sanctioned country. We implemented corrective actions and filed a Voluntary Self Disclosure in February 2017 with the U.S. Department of Commerce and U.S. Department of Treasury regarding these technical violations. Both agencies closed their review without any fines or penalties.

We are subject to various environmental laws and regulations that could impose substantial costs upon us.

Our company must comply with local, state, federal, and international environmental laws and regulations in the countries in which we do business. We are also subject to laws, which restrict certain hazardous substances, including lead, used in the construction of our products, such as the European Union Restriction on the Use of Hazardous Substances in electrical and electronic equipment directive. We are also subject to the European Union Directive, known as the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (“WEEE Directive”), which requires producers of certain electrical and electronic equipment to properly label products, register as a WEEE producer, and provide for the collection, disposal and recycling of waste electronic products. Failure to comply with these environmental directives and other environmental laws could result in the imposition of fines and penalties, inability to sell covered products in certain countries, the loss of revenue, or subject us to third-party property damage or personal injury claims, or require us to incur investigation, remediation or engineering costs. Our operations and products will be affected by future environmental laws and regulations, but we cannot predict the ultimate impact of any such future laws and regulations at this time.

Our products must conform to industry standards in order to be accepted by end-customers in our markets.

Generally, our products comprise only a part of a data center. The servers, network, software and other components and systems of a data center must comply with established industry standards in order to interoperate and function efficiently together. We depend on companies that provide other components of the servers and systems in a data center to support prevailing industry standards. Often, these companies are significantly larger and more influential in driving industry standards than we are. Some industry standards may not be widely adopted or implemented uniformly, and competing standards may

emerge that may be preferred by our end-customers. If larger companies do not support the same industry standards that we do, or if competing standards emerge, market acceptance of our products could be adversely affected and we may need to incur substantial costs to conform our products to such standards, which could harm our business, operating results and financial condition.

We are dependent on various information technology systems, and failures of or interruptions to those systems could harm our business.

Many of our business processes depend upon our information technology systems, the systems and processes of third parties, and on interfaces with the systems of third parties. If those systems fail or are interrupted, or if our ability to connect to or interact with one or more networks is interrupted, our processes may function at a diminished level or not at all. This could harm our ability to ship or support our products, and our financial results may be harmed.

In addition, reconfiguring or upgrading our information technology systems or other business processes in response to changing business needs may be time-consuming and costly and is subject to risks of delay or failed deployment. To the extent this impacts our ability to react timely to specific market or business opportunities, our financial results may be harmed.

Future acquisitions we may undertake may not result in the financial and strategic goals that are contemplated at the time of the transaction.

We completed the acquisition of substantially all of the assets of Appcito in June 2016 and may make future acquisitions of complementary companies, products or technologies. With respect to the Appcito acquisition or any other future acquisitions we may undertake, we may find that the acquired businesses, products or technologies do not further our business strategy as expected, that we paid more than what the assets are later worth or that economic conditions change, all of which may generate future impairment charges. The Appcito acquisition or any future acquisitions may be viewed negatively by customers, financial markets or investors. There may be difficulty integrating the operations and personnel of an acquired business, and we may have difficulty retaining the key personnel of an acquired business. We may have difficulty in integrating acquired technologies or products with our existing product lines. Any integration process may require significant time and resources, and we may not be able to manage the process successfully. Our ongoing business and management’s attention may be disrupted or diverted by transition or integration issues and the complexity of managing geographically and culturally diverse locations. We may have difficulty maintaining uniform standards, controls, procedures and policies across locations. We may experience significant problems or liabilities associated with product quality, technology and other matters.

Our inability to successfully operate and integrate future acquisitions appropriately, effectively and in a timely manner, or to retain key personnel of any acquired business, could have a material adverse effect on our revenue, gross margin and expenses.

Our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards may be subject to limitation and may result in increased future tax liability to us.

Generally, a change of more than 50% in the ownership of a corporation’s stock, by value, over a three-year period constitutes an ownership change for U.S. federal income tax purposes. An ownership change may limit a company’s ability to use its net operating loss carryforwards attributable to the period prior to such change. In the event we have undergone an ownership change under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code, if we earn net taxable income, our ability to use our pre-change net operating loss carryforwards to offset U.S. federal taxable income may become subject to limitations, which could potentially result in increased future tax liability to us.

Changes in tax laws or regulations or adverse outcomes resulting from examination of our income or other tax returns could adversely affect our operating results and financial condition.

We are subject to income taxes in the United States and various foreign jurisdictions, and our domestic and international tax liabilities will be subject to the allocation of expenses in differing jurisdictions. Our future effective tax rates could be subject to volatility or adversely affected by a number of factors, including:


•	changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities;


•	expected timing and amount of the release of tax valuation allowances;


•	expiration of, or detrimental changes in, research and development tax credit laws;


•	tax effects of stock-based compensation;


•	costs related to intercompany restructurings;


•	changes in tax laws, regulations, accounting principles or interpretations thereof;


•	future earnings being lower than anticipated in countries where we have lower statutory tax rates and higher than anticipated earnings in countries where we have higher statutory tax rates; or


•	examinations by US federal, state or foreign jurisdictions that disagree with interpretations of tax rules and regulations in regards to positions taken on tax filings, including the current examination by the Internal Revenue Service of our 2015 and 2014 tax returns.

As our business grows, we are required to comply with increasingly complex taxation rules and practices. We are subject to tax in multiple U.S. tax jurisdictions and in foreign tax jurisdictions as we expand internationally. The development of our tax strategies requires additional expertise and may impact how we conduct our business. Our future effective tax rates could be unfavorably affected by changes in, or interpretations of, tax rules and regulations in the jurisdictions in which we do business or changes in the valuation of our deferred tax assets and liabilities. Furthermore, we provide for certain tax liabilities that involve significant judgment. We are subject to the examination of our tax returns by federal, state and foreign tax authorities, which could focus on our intercompany transfer pricing methodology as well as other matters. If our tax strategies are ineffective or we are not in compliance with domestic and international tax laws, our financial position, operating results and cash flows could be adversely affected.

In addition, from time to time the United States, foreign and state governments make substantive changes to tax rules and the application of rules to companies. For example, the Tax Act creates a new requirement that certain income (i.e., Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income, or GILTI) earned by controlled foreign corporations (“CFCs”) must be included currently in the gross income of the CFCs’ U.S. shareholder. We are still evaluating the tax provisions related to GILTI and we have not made a policy election on how to account for the GILTI provisions of the Tax Act as allowed by the U.S. generally accepted accounting standards. Our selection of an accounting policy with respect to the new GILTI tax rules will depend, in part, on analyzing our global income to determine whether we expect to have future U.S. inclusions in taxable income related to GILTI and, if so, what is the anticipated impact.

We are exposed to the credit risk of our distribution channel partners and end-customers, which could result in material losses and negatively impact our operating results.

Most of our sales are on an open credit basis, with typical payment terms ranging from 30 to 90 days depending on local customs or conditions that exist in the sale location. If any of the distribution channel partners or end-customers responsible for a significant portion of our revenue becomes insolvent or suffers a deterioration in its financial or business condition and is unable to pay for our products, our results of operations could be harmed.

Our reported financial results may be adversely affected by changes in accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.

Generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) in the United States are subject to interpretation by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”), the SEC and various bodies formed to promulgate and interpret appropriate accounting principles. A change in these principles or interpretations could have a significant effect on our reported financial results, and could affect the reporting of transactions completed before the announcement of a change. For example, in May 2014, the FASB issued accounting standards update No. 2014-09 (Topic 606), Revenue from Contracts with Customers, which supersedes nearly all existing revenue recognition guidance under U.S. GAAP. We adopted Topic 606 effective January 1, 2018, applying the modified retrospective method to all contracts that were not completed as of January 1, 2018. This or other changes in accounting principles could adversely affect our financial results. See Note 11 of our Notes to the Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part 1, Item 1 of this report regarding the effect of new accounting pronouncements on our financial statements. Any difficulties in implementing these pronouncements could cause us to fail to meet our financial reporting obligations, which could result in regulatory discipline and harm investors’ confidence in us.

Concentration of ownership among our existing executive officers, a small number of stockholders, directors and their affiliates may prevent new investors from influencing significant corporate decisions.

Our executive officers and directors, together with affiliated entities, own 27% of our outstanding common stock (44% if other holders of 5% or more of our outstanding common stock are also included) as of September 30, 2018. Accordingly, these stockholders, acting together, have significant influence over the election of our directors, over whether matters requiring stockholder approval are approved or disapproved and over our affairs in general. The interests of these stockholders could conflict with your interests. These stockholders may also have an interest in pursuing acquisitions, divestitures, financings or other transactions that, in their judgment, could enhance their investments, even though such transactions might involve risks to you. In addition, this concentration of ownership could have the effect of delaying or preventing a liquidity event such as a merger or liquidation of our company.

Certain stockholders could attempt to influence changes at the Company, which could adversely affect our operations, financial condition and the value of our common stock.

Our stockholders may from time-to-time seek to acquire a controlling stake in us, engage in proxy solicitations, advance stockholder proposals or otherwise attempt to effect changes. Campaigns by stockholders to effect changes at publicly-traded companies are sometimes led by investors seeking to increase short-term stockholder value through actions such as financial restructuring, increased debt, special dividends, stock repurchases or sales of assets or the entire company. Responding to proxy contests and other actions by activist stockholders can be costly and time-consuming, and could disrupt our operations and divert the attention of our board of directors and senior management from the pursuit of our business strategies. These actions could adversely affect our operations, financial condition and the value of our common stock.

We may need to raise additional funds in future private or public offerings, and such funds may not be available on acceptable terms, if at all. If we do raise additional funds, existing stockholders will suffer dilution.

We may need to raise additional funds in private or public offerings, and these funds may not be available to us when we need them or on acceptable terms, if at all. If we raise additional funds through further issuances of equity or convertible debt securities, you could suffer significant dilution, and any new equity securities we issue could have rights, preferences and privileges superior to those of our then-existing capital stock. Any debt financing secured by us in the future could involve restrictive covenants relating to our capital raising activities and other financial and operational matters, which may make it more difficult for us to obtain additional capital and to pursue business opportunities. If we cannot raise additional funds when we need them, our business and prospects could fail or be materially and adversely affected.

The price of our common stock has been and may continue to be volatile, and the value of your investment could decline.

Technology stocks have historically experienced high levels of volatility. The trading price of our common stock has been and is likely to continue to be volatile and subject to fluctuations in response to many factors, some of which are beyond our control and may not be related to our operating performance. These fluctuations could cause you to lose all or part of your investment in our common stock. Factors that could cause fluctuations in the trading price of our common stock include the following:


•	announcements of new products, services or technologies, commercial relationships, acquisitions or other events by us or our competitors;


•	price and volume fluctuations in the overall stock market from time to time;


•	significant volatility in the market price and trading volume of technology companies in general and of companies in our industry;


•	fluctuations in the trading volume of our shares or the size of our public float;


•	actual or anticipated changes or fluctuations in our results of operations;


•	whether our results of operations meet the expectations of securities analysts or investors;


•	actual or anticipated changes in the expectations of investors or securities analysts;


•	litigation or investigations involving us, our industry, or both;


•	regulatory developments in the United States, foreign countries or both;


•	general economic conditions and trends;


•	major catastrophic events;


•	sales of large blocks of our common stock; or


•	departures of key personnel.

In addition, if the market for technology stocks or the stock market in general experiences a loss of investor confidence, the trading price of our common stock could decline for reasons unrelated to our business, results of operations or financial condition. The trading price of our common stock might also decline in reaction to events that affect other companies in our industry even if these events do not directly affect us. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been brought against that company. The price of our common stock has been highly volatile since our initial public offering (“IPO”) in March 2014. In January 2015, several substantially identical putative class action lawsuits alleging violations of securities laws were filed against us, our directors and certain of our executive officers and in June 2015, a related shareholder derivative action was filed. The consolidated securities class actions and the derivative action were settled in 2016 and dismissed in the first quarter of 2017. In March 2018, a putative class action lawsuit alleging violations of securities laws was filed against us and certain of our current and former executive officers, and in May 2018, a related shareholder derivative action was filed. In March 2018, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission began a private investigation into any securities laws violations by us or persons currently or formerly affiliated with us. Current or future securities litigation, including any related shareholder derivative litigation or investigation, could result in substantial costs and divert our management’s attention and resources from our business. This could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.

Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public markets, or the perception that such sales might occur, could reduce the price that our common stock might otherwise attain and may dilute your voting power and your ownership interest in us.

Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could adversely affect the market price of our common stock and may make it more difficult for you to sell your common stock at a time and price that you deem appropriate. As of September 30, 2018, there were approximately 4.8 million vested and exercisable options to purchase our common stock, in addition to the 72.7 million common shares outstanding as of such date. All outstanding shares and all shares issuable upon exercise of outstanding and vested options are freely tradable, subject in some cases to volume and other restrictions of Rules 144 and 701 under the Securities Act, as well as our insider trading policy. In addition, holders of certain shares of our outstanding common stock, including an aggregate of 9.5 million shares held by funds affiliated with Summit Partners, L.P. as of September 30, 2018 are entitled to rights with respect to registration of these shares under the Securities Act pursuant to an investors’ rights agreement.

If these holders of our common stock, by exercising their registration rights, sell a large number of shares, they could adversely affect the market price for our common stock. If we file a registration statement for the purposes of selling additional shares to raise capital and are required to include shares held by these holders pursuant to the exercise of their registration rights, our ability to raise capital may be impaired. Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock in the public market, or the perception that these sales could occur, could cause the market price of our common stock to decline.

We are an emerging growth company, and any decision on our part to comply only with certain reduced disclosure requirements applicable to emerging growth companies could make our common stock less attractive to investors.

We are an emerging growth company, and, for as long as we continue to be an emerging growth company, we may choose to take advantage of exemptions from various reporting requirements applicable to other public companies but not to “emerging growth companies,” including, but not limited to, not being required to have our independent registered public accounting firm audit our internal control over financial reporting under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, reduced disclosure obligations regarding executive compensation in our periodic reports and proxy statements, and exemptions from the requirements of holding a nonbinding advisory vote on executive compensation and stockholder approval of any golden parachute payments not previously approved. We could be an emerging growth company for up to five years following the completion of our initial public offering. We will remain an emerging growth company until the earliest of: (a) the last day of the year (i) following the fifth anniversary of the completion of the initial public offering, (ii) in which we have total annual

gross revenue of at least $1.07 billion, or (iii) in which we qualify as a large accelerated filer, which means the market value of our common stock that is held by non-affiliates exceeds $700 million as of the prior June 30, or (b) the date on which we have issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt securities during the prior three-year period. We cannot predict if investors will find our common stock less attractive if we choose to rely on these exemptions. If some investors find our common stock less attractive as a result of any choices to reduce future disclosure, there may be a less active trading market for our common stock and the price of our common stock may be more volatile.

Under the JOBS Act, emerging growth companies can also delay adopting new or revised accounting standards until such time as those standards apply to private companies. We have irrevocably elected not to avail ourselves of this accommodation allowing for delayed adoption of new or revised accounting standards, and, therefore, we will be subject to the same new or revised accounting standards as other public companies that are not emerging growth companies.

We are obligated to implement and maintain effective internal control over financial reporting. As of September 30, 2018, June 30, 2018, March 31, 2018 and December 31, 2017, we concluded that our internal control over financial reporting and our disclosure controls and procedures were not effective. In the future, we may again not complete our analysis of our internal control over financial reporting in a timely manner, or our internal control over financial reporting may not be determined to be effective, or we may discover significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting, all of which may adversely affect investor confidence in our company and, as a result, the value of our common stock.

We are required, pursuant to the Exchange Act, to furnish a report by management on, among other things, the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting for each fiscal year. This assessment will need to include disclosure of any material weaknesses identified by our management in our internal control over financial reporting.

We have, in the past, experienced and are currently experiencing issues with our internal control over financial reporting. We have discovered and it is possible that we may discover in the future significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting. Current significant deficiencies and material weaknesses have resulted in a restatement of certain of our financial reports, as described in Item 4, “Controls and Procedures,” of this report. If, in any future reporting periods, we are unable to conclude that our internal control over financial reporting is effective, or if we are required to restate our financial statements as a result of ineffective internal control over financial reporting, we could lose investor confidence in the accuracy and completeness of our financial reports, which would cause the price of our common stock to decline.

We are required to disclose material changes made in our internal control and procedures on a quarterly basis. However, our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to attest to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act until the year following the date we are no longer an emerging growth company as defined in the JOBS Act, if we take advantage of the exemptions contained in the JOBS Act. To comply with these requirements, we may need to undertake various actions, such as implementing new internal controls and procedures and hiring accounting or internal audit staff.

If securities or industry analysts do not publish research or reports about our business, or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research reports about our business, our share price and trading volume could decline.

The market for our common stock, to some extent, depends on the research and reports that securities or industry analysts publish about us or our business. We do not have any control over these analysts. If one or more of the analysts who cover us should downgrade our shares or change their opinion of our shares, our share price would likely decline. If one or more of these analysts should cease coverage of our company or fail to regularly publish reports on us, we could lose visibility in the financial markets, which would cause our share price or trading volume to decline.

Our charter documents and Delaware law could discourage takeover attempts and lead to management entrenchment.

Our restated certificate of incorporation and bylaws contain provisions that could delay or prevent a change in control of our company. These provisions could also make it difficult for stockholders to elect directors that are not nominated by the current members of our board of directors or take other corporate actions, including effecting changes in our management. These provisions include:


•	a classified board of directors with three-year staggered terms, which could delay the ability of stockholders to change the membership of a majority of our board of directors; provided, that at the 2018 annual meeting of stockholders, our stockholders will be voting on a proposal to declassify our board of directors;


•	the ability of our board of directors to issue shares of preferred stock and to determine the price and other terms of those shares, including preference and voting rights, without stockholder approval, which could be used to significantly dilute the ownership of a hostile acquirer;


•	the exclusive right of our board of directors to elect a director to fill a vacancy created by the expansion of our board of directors or the resignation, death or removal of a director, which prevents stockholders from being able to fill vacancies on our board of directors;


•	a prohibition on stockholder action by written consent, which forces stockholder action to be taken at an annual or special meeting of our stockholders;


•	the requirement that a special meeting of stockholders may be called only by the chairman of our board of directors, our Chief Executive Officer, our secretary, or a majority vote of our board of directors, which could delay the ability of our stockholders to force consideration of a proposal or to take action, including the removal of directors;

•

the requirement for the affirmative vote of holders of at least 66-2/3% of the voting power of all of the then-outstanding shares of the voting stock, voting together as a single class, to amend the provisions of our restated certificate of incorporation relating to the issuance of preferred stock and management of our business or our bylaws, which may inhibit the ability of an acquirer to effect such amendments to facilitate an unsolicited takeover attempt;


•	the ability of our board of directors, by majority vote, to amend the bylaws, which may allow our board of directors to take additional actions to prevent an unsolicited takeover and inhibit the ability of an acquirer to amend the bylaws to facilitate an unsolicited takeover attempt; and


•	advance notice procedures with which stockholders must comply to nominate candidates to our board of directors or not to propose matters to be acted upon at a stockholders’ meeting, which may discourage or deter a potential acquirer from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect the acquiror’s own slate of directors or otherwise attempting to obtain control of us.

In addition, as a Delaware corporation, we are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. These provisions may prohibit large stockholders, in particular those owning 15% or more of our outstanding voting stock, from merging or combining with us for a certain period of time.

Our business is subject to the risks of earthquakes, fire, power outages, floods, and other catastrophic events, and to interruption by man-made problems such as acts of war and terrorism.

A significant natural disaster, such as an earthquake, fire, a flood, or significant power outage could have a material adverse impact on our business, operating results, and financial condition. Our corporate headquarters are located in the San Francisco Bay Area, a region known for seismic activity. In addition, our two primary manufacturers are located in Taiwan, which is near major earthquake fault lines and subject to typhoons during certain times of the year. In the event of a major earthquake or typhoon, or other natural or man-made disaster, our manufacturers in Taiwan may face business interruptions, which may impact quality assurance, product costs, and product supply and timing. In the event our or our service providers’ information technology systems or manufacturing or logistics abilities are hindered by any of the events discussed above, shipments could be delayed, resulting in missed financial targets, such as revenue and shipment targets, and our operations could be disrupted, for the affected quarter or quarters. In addition, cyber security attacks, acts of war or terrorism, or other geo-political unrest could cause disruptions in our business or the business of our supply chain, manufacturers, logistics providers, partners, or end-customers or the economy as a whole. Any disruption in the business of our supply chain, manufacturers, logistics providers, partners or end-customers that impacts sales at the end of a quarter could have a significant adverse impact on our quarterly results. All of the aforementioned risks may be further increased if the disaster recovery plans for us and our suppliers prove to be inadequate. To the extent that any of the above should result in delays or cancellations of customer orders, or the delay in the manufacture, deployment or shipment of our products, our business, financial condition and operating results would be adversely affected.

We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.

We intend to retain any earnings to finance the operation and expansion of our business, and we do not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the future. In addition, the 2016 Credit Facility currently restricts our ability to pay cash dividends while this facility remains outstanding. As a result, you may only receive a return on your investment in our common stock if the value of our common stock increases.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS

None.

ITEM 3. DEFAULT UPON SENIOR SECURITIES

Not applicable.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

None.

ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

Incorporated herein by reference is a list of the exhibits contained in the Exhibit Index below.

EXHIBIT INDEX



Exhibit Number		Description
31.1		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
31.2		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
32.1*		Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
32.2*		Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
101.INS		XBRL Instant Document
101.SCH		XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document
101.CAL		XBRL Extension Calculation Linkbase Document
101.DEF		XBRL Extension Definition Linkbase Document
101.LAB		XBRL Extension Labels Linkbase Document
101.PRE		XBRL Extension Presentation Linkbase Document

The certifications attached as Exhibit 32.1 and 32.2 that accompany this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q are not deemed filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and are not to be incorporated by reference into any filing of A10 Networks, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, whether made before or after the date of this Quarterly Report on Form 10‑Q, irrespective of any general incorporation language contained in such filing.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.



	A10 NETWORKS, INC.

Date: November 1, 2018



	By: /s/ Lee Chen
	Lee Chen
	Chief Executive Officer and President (Principal Executive Officer)

Date: November 1, 2018



	By: /s/ Tom Constantino
	Tom Constantino
	Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Accounting and Financial Officer)