Edgar Filing: TITAN INTERNATIONAL INC

10-K

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K



þ	ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015



o	TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission file number 1-12936

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware		36-3228472
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

2701 Spruce Street, Quincy, IL 62301

(Address of principal executive offices)

(217) 228-6011

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of each class	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common stock, $0.00001 par value	New York Stock Exchange (Symbol: TWI)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined by Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No þ

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No þ

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ No o

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.



Large accelerated filer o	Accelerated filer þ
Non-accelerated filer o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company)	Smaller reporting company o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes o No þ

The aggregate market value of the shares of common stock of the registrant held by non-affiliates was approximately $463 million based upon the closing price of the common stock on the New York Stock Exchange on June 30, 2015.

Indicate the number of shares of Titan International, Inc. outstanding: 53,957,160 shares of common stock, $0.00001 par value, as of February 15, 2016

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

Portions of the registrant’s definitive proxy statement for the annual meeting of stockholders to be held on June 2, 2016, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K.

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Index to Annual Report on Form 10-K



Part I.		Page

Item 1.	Business	3

Item 1A.	Risk Factors	11

Item 1B.	Unresolved Staff Comments	15

Item 2.	Properties	15

Item 3.	Legal Proceedings	16

Item 4.	Mine Safety Disclosures	16

Part II.

Item 5.	Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities	17

Item 6.	Selected Financial Data	18

Item 7.	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	19

Item 7A.	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk	38

Item 8.	Financial Statements and Supplementary Data	38

Item 9.	Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure	38

Item 9A.	Controls and Procedures	38

Item 9B.	Other Information	40

Part III.

Item 10.	Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance	41

Item 11.	Executive Compensation	41

Item 12.	Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters	42

Item 13.	Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence	42

Item 14.	Principal Accounting Fees and Services	42

Part IV.

Item 15.	Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules	43

	Signatures	44

	Exhibit Index	45

PART I

ITEM 1 – BUSINESS

INTRODUCTION

Titan International, Inc. and its subsidiaries (Titan or the Company) hold the position of being a global wheel, tire and undercarriage industrial group servicing customers across its target markets. As a leading manufacturer in the off-highway industry, Titan produces a broad range of specialty products to meet the specifications of original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and aftermarket customers in the agricultural, earthmoving/construction and consumer markets. As a manufacturer of both wheels and tires, the Company is uniquely positioned to offer customers added value through complete wheel and tire assemblies. Titan's agricultural market includes rims, wheels, tires and undercarriage systems and components manufactured for use on various agricultural and forestry equipment. Titan’s earthmoving/construction market includes rims, wheels, tires and undercarriage systems and components for various types of off-the-road (OTR) earthmoving, mining, military and construction equipment. The Company's consumer market includes bias truck tires in Latin America and light truck tires in Russia, as well as products for all-terrain vehicles (ATVs).

As one of the few companies dedicated to off-highway wheels, tires and assemblies, Titan’s engineering and manufacturing resources are focused on designing quality products that address the needs of our end-users. Titan’s team of experienced engineers continually work on new and improved engineered solutions that evolve with today’s applications for the off-highway wheel, tire and assembly markets.


•	History

The Company traces its roots to the Electric Wheel Company in Quincy, Illinois, which was founded in 1890. Titan was incorporated in 1983. The Company has grown through six major acquisitions in recent years. In 2005, Titan Tire Corporation, a subsidiary of the Company, acquired The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company’s North American farm tire assets. In 2006, Titan Tire Corporation of Bryan, a subsidiary of the Company, acquired the off-the-road (OTR) tire assets of Continental Tire North America, Inc. In 2011, the Company acquired The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company's Latin American farm tire business. In August 2012, the Company purchased a 56% controlling interest in Planet Corporation Group, now known as Titan National (Australia) Holdings PTY LTD (TNAH). In October 2012, the Company completed its acquisition of Titan Europe. In October 2013, the Company in partnership with One Equity Partners (OEP) and the Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF) closed the acquisition of an 85% interest in Voltyre-Prom, a leading producer of agricultural and industrial tires in Volgograd, Russia. In the first half of 2014, the partnership of Titan, OEP, and RDIF purchased an additional 15% to bring the total Voltyre-Prom ownership to 100% for the partnership. These acquisitions have allowed Titan to expand its global footprint and enhance product offering in the Company’s target markets.


•	Market Segments

In 2015, Titan’s agricultural segment sales represented 52% of net sales, the earthmoving/construction segment represented 36% and the consumer segment represented 12% of net sales.

COMPETITIVE STRENGTHS

Titan’s strong market position in the off-highway wheel, tire and undercarriage market, and its long-term core customer relationships contribute to the Company’s competitive strengths. Titan produces both wheels and tires which uniquely allows the Company to provide a one-stop solution for its customers' wheel and tire assembly needs. These strengths, along with Titan’s dedication to the off-highway equipment market, continue to drive the Company forward.


•	Strong Market Position

Titan’s ability to offer a broad range of specialized wheels, tires, assemblies and undercarriage systems and components has resulted in the Company’s strong position in the global off-highway market. Through a diverse dealer network, the Company is able to reach an increasing number of customers in the aftermarket and build Titan’s image and brand recognition. The Company’s acquisition of the Goodyear Farm Tire brand in North America and Latin America contributes to overall visibility and customer confidence. Titan gained a strong presence in Europe and other parts of the world through the 2012 acquisition of Titan Europe. The 2013 acquisition of Voltyre-Prom expanded Titan's footprint into the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) region. Years of product design and engineering experience have enabled Titan to improve existing products and develop new ones that have been well received in the marketplace. In addition, Titan believes it has benefited from significant barriers to entry, such as the substantial investment necessary to replicate the Company’s manufacturing equipment and numerous tools, dies and molds, many of which are used in custom processes.


•	Wheel and Tire Manufacturing Capabilities

The Company’s unique position as a manufacturer of both wheels and tires allows Titan to mount and deliver one of the largest selections of off-highway assemblies in North America. Titan offers this value-added service of one-stop shopping for wheel and tire assemblies for the agricultural, earthmoving/construction and consumer segments. Both standard and Low Sidewall (LSW) assemblies are delivered as a single, complete unit based on each customer’s unique requirements.


•	Long-Term Core Customer Relationships

The Company’s top customers, including global leaders in agricultural and construction equipment manufacturing, have been purchasing products from Titan or its predecessors for numerous years. Customers including AGCO Corporation, Caterpillar Inc., CNH Global N.V., Deere & Company and Kubota Corporation have helped sustain Titan’s leadership in wheel, tire and assembly innovation.

BUSINESS STRATEGY

Titan’s business strategy is to increase its presence in the segments it serves through its one-stop assembly solutions, including LSW technology. The Company continues to seek global expansion of this complete wheel and tire assembly product offering within the geographies it competes. This may be through strategic worldwide acquisitions or through expanded manufacturing capabilities in regions where the Company lacks either the wheel or the tire production. In addition, Titan continually seeks to improve operating efficiencies and gain additional synergies from more recent acquisitions.


•	Low Sidewall (LSW) Technology

The Company has developed a LSW tire technology, featuring a larger rim diameter and a smaller sidewall than standard tires. As a cornerstone of the Company's strategy, Titan continues to expand the LSW product offering in both the agricultural and construction segments. Titan’s unique capabilities as both a wheel and tire manufacturer allow the Company to drive further adoption within these markets. Titan seeks to be at the forefront of off-road equipment advancement through the innovation of its LSW solution with the belief that it will become the industry standard.

The Company follows an adoption strategy whereby LSW assemblies are placed with certain end users in order to demonstrate the superior performance of this innovative solution. With LSW, these end users experience reduced power hop, road lope, soil compaction, and fuel consumption as well as improved safety and performance. Both power hop and road lope can disturb ride and impede equipment performance. Low sidewall technology has been widely adopted within the automotive industry for many years. The benefits translate to Titan's markets through superior comfort, ride and fuel economy.


•	OTR and Earthmoving Product

The Company’s 2006 acquisition of the OTR tire assets of Continental Tire North America, Inc. in Bryan, Ohio, expanded Titan’s product offering into larger earthmoving, construction and mining tires. In 2008, the Company expanded the Bryan facility production capacity to include giant mining tires. The mining tire market is expected to offer long-term opportunities.


•	Increase Aftermarket Tire Business

The Company has concentrated on increasing its presence in the tire aftermarket, which historically has tended to be somewhat less cyclical than the OEM market. The aftermarket also offers the potential for higher profit margins and is a larger market in most cases.


•	Improve Operating Efficiencies

The Company constantly works to improve the operating efficiency of its assets and manufacturing facilities. Titan integrates each facility’s strengths, which may include transferring equipment and business to the facilities that are best equipped to handle the work. This provides capability to increase utilization and spread operating costs over a greater volume of products. Titan is also continuing a comprehensive program to refurbish, modernize and enhance the technology of its equipment.


•	Enhance Design Capacity and New Product Development

Equipment manufacturers constantly face changing industry dynamics. Titan directs its business and marketing strategy to understand and address the needs of its customers and demonstrate the advantages of its products. In particular, the Company often collaborates with customers in the design of new and enhanced products. Titan recommends modified products to its customers based on its own market information. These value-added services enhance Titan’s relationships with its customers. The Company tests new designs and technologies and develops methods of manufacturing to improve product quality and performance. Titan’s engineers have introduced designs for giant mining wheels and tires, which employ an innovative steel radial construction technology. Titan has also developed a Low Sidewall (LSW) tire technology, featuring a larger rim diameter and smaller sidewall than standard tires, which helps reduce power hop, road lope, soil compaction, and provides improved safety and performance.


•	Explore Additional Strategic Acquisitions

The Company’s expertise in the manufacture of off-highway wheels, tires and undercarriage systems and components has permitted it to take advantage of opportunities to acquire businesses that complement this product line. In the future, Titan may make additional strategic acquisitions of businesses that have an off-highway focus. The Company continually explores worldwide opportunities to expand manufacturing and distribution in order to serve new and existing geographies.

For additional information concerning the revenues, certain expenses, income from operations and assets attributable to each of the segments in which the Company operates, see Note 32 to the Company's consolidated financial statements, included in Item 8 of our 2015 Form 10-K.

AGRICULTURAL SEGMENT

Titan’s agricultural rims, wheels, tires and undercarriage systems and components are manufactured for use on various agricultural equipment, including tractors, combines, skidders, plows, planters and irrigation equipment, and are sold directly to OEMs and to the aftermarket through independent distributors, equipment dealers and Titan’s own distribution centers. The wheels and rims range in diameter from 9 inches to 54 inches, with the 54-inch diameter being the largest agricultural wheel manufactured in North America. Basic configurations are combined with distinct variations (such as different centers and a wide range of material thickness) allowing the Company to offer a broad line of products to meet customer specifications. Titan’s agricultural tires range from approximately 1 foot to approximately 7 feet in outside diameter and from 5 inches to 55 inches in width. The Company offers the added value of delivering a complete wheel and tire assembly to customers.

EARTHMOVING/CONSTRUCTION SEGMENT

The Company manufactures rims, wheels, tires and undercarriage systems and components for various types of OTR earthmoving, mining, military, construction and forestry equipment, including skid steers, aerial lifts, cranes, graders and levelers, scrapers, self-propelled shovel loaders, articulated dump trucks, load transporters, haul trucks, backhoe loaders, crawler tractors, lattice cranes, shovels and hydraulic excavators. The earthmoving/construction market is often referred to as OTR, an acronym for off-the-road. The Company provides OEM and aftermarket customers with a broad range of earthmoving/construction wheels ranging in diameter from 20 inches to 63 inches and in weight from 125 pounds to 7,000 pounds. The 63-inch diameter wheel is the largest manufactured in North America for the earthmoving/construction market. Titan’s earthmoving/construction tires range from approximately 3 feet to approximately 13 feet in outside diameter and in weight from 50 pounds to 12,500 pounds. The Company offers the added value of wheel and tire assembly for certain applications in the earthmoving/construction segment.

CONSUMER SEGMENT

Titan manufactures bias truck tires in Latin America and light truck tires in Russia. Titan also offers select products for ATVs, turf, and golf cart applications. This segment also includes sales that do not readily fall into the Company's other segments including brakes and materials sold under various supply agreements. The North America brake business was divested in November 2015.

SEGMENT SALES



	Year ended December 31,
(Amounts in thousands)	2015			2014			2013
	Net Sales		% of Total Net Sales	Net Sales		% of Total Net Sales	Net Sales		% of Total Net Sales
Agricultural	$	723,715	52%	$	1,016,882	54%	$	1,182,187	55%
Earthmoving/construction	505,927		36%	610,596		32%	749,115		34%
Consumer	165,129		12%	268,049		14%	232,293		11%
	$	1,394,771		$	1,895,527		$	2,163,595

OPERATIONS

Titan’s operations include manufacturing wheels, manufacturing tires, combining these wheels and tires into assemblies, and manufacturing undercarriage systems and components for use in the agricultural, earthmoving/construction and consumer markets. These operations entail many manufacturing processes in order to complete the finished products.


•	Wheel Manufacturing Process

Most agricultural wheels are produced using a rim and a center disc. A rim is produced by first cutting large steel sheets to required width and length specifications. These steel sections are rolled and welded to form a circular rim, which is flared and formed in the rollform operation. The majority of discs are manufactured using presses that both blank and form the center to specifications in multiple stage operations. The Company e-coats wheels using a multi-step process prior to the final paint top coating.

Large earthmoving/construction steel wheels are manufactured from hot and cold-rolled steel sections. Hot-rolled sections are generally used to increase cross section thickness in high stress areas of large diameter wheels. A special cold forming process for certain wheels is used to increase cross section thickness while reducing the number of wheel components. Rims are built from a series of hoops that are welded together to form a rim base. The complete rim base is made from either three or five separate parts that lock together after the rubber tire has been fitted to the wheel and inflated.

For most wheels in our consumer segment, the Company manufactures rims and center discs from steel sheets. Rims are rolled and welded, and discs are stamped and formed from the sheets. The manufacturing process then entails welding the rims to the centers and painting the assembled product.


•	Tire Manufacturing Process

The first stage in tire production is the mixing of rubber, carbon black and chemicals to form various rubber compounds. These rubber compounds are then extruded and processed with textile or steel materials to make specific components. These components – beads (wire bundles that anchor the tire with the wheel), plies (layers of fabric that give the tire strength), belts (fabric or steel fabric wrapped under the tread in some tires), tread and sidewall – are then assembled into an uncured tire carcass. The uncured carcass is placed into a press that molds and vulcanizes the carcass under set time, temperature and pressure into a finished tire.


•	Wheel and Tire Assemblies

The Company’s position as a manufacturer of both wheels and tires allows Titan to mount and deliver one of the largest selections of off-highway assemblies in North America. Titan offers this value-added service of one-stop shopping for wheel and tire assemblies for the agricultural, earthmoving/construction and consumer segments. Both standard and LSW assemblies are delivered as a single, complete unit based on each customer’s unique requirements.


•	Undercarriage Manufacturing Process

The undercarriage components (track groups, track and carrier rollers, idler assemblies and sprockets) are all manufactured from steel and produced according to specifications.

All of the track groups produced by the Company are built from four major parts: shoes, right and left hand links, pins and bushings. Shoes are manufactured from steel cast in the Company foundry or obtained from different shapes of hot rolled profiles (depending on application), sheared to length, and then heat treated for high wear bending and breaking resistance. Right and left hand links are hot forged, trimmed, mass heat treated, machined and finally induction hardened on rail surface for optimal wear and fatigue resistance. Pins are made from round bars that are cut, machined, heat treated and surface finished. Bushings are generally cold extruded, machined, mass heat treated, and finally carburized or induction hardened for wear resistance and optimal toughness.

The lifetime lubricated and maintenance free track and carrier rollers are assembled with two major components: single or double flange roller shells (typically hot forged in halves, deep hardened, friction or arc welded and finish machined with metallurgical characteristics depending upon size and application) and shafts (generally cut from bars or forged, mass heat treated, rough machined, induction hardened and ground).

The idler assemblies are also lifetime lubricated, for virtually no maintenance. They are offered with cast (single web or hollow design) or fabricated shells, depending on size and application, and feature induction hardened tread surfaces for optimal wear resistance.

The sprockets, designed to transfer the machine driving loads from the final drive to the track, are produced cast or forged in several geometric options, depending upon size and application. They are also heat treated for wear resistance and cracking resistance.

The undercarriage systems, custom designed and produced by the Company, consist of a structured steel fabricated frame, all the undercarriage components mentioned above (track groups, track and carrier rollers, idler assemblies and sprockets) and a final drive. They are completely assembled in house, for consistent quality.


•	Quality Control

The Company is ISO certified at all five main domestic manufacturing facilities located in Bryan, Ohio; Des Moines, Iowa; Freeport, Illinois; Quincy, Illinois; and Saltville, Virginia, as well as the majority of the foreign manufacturing facilities. The ISO series is a set of related and internationally recognized standards of management and quality assurance. The standards specify guidelines for establishing, documenting and maintaining a system to ensure quality. The ISO certifications are a testament to Titan’s dedication to providing quality products for its customers.

RAW MATERIALS

Steel and rubber are the primary raw materials used by the Company in all segments. To ensure a consistent steel supply, Titan purchases raw steel from key steel mills and maintains relationships with steel processors for steel preparation. The Company is not dependent on any single producer for its steel supply; however, some components do have limited suppliers. Rubber and other raw materials for tire manufacture represent some of the Company’s largest commodity expenses. Titan buys rubber in markets where there are usually several sources of supply. In addition to the development of key domestic suppliers, the Company’s strategic procurement plan includes international steel and rubber suppliers to assure competitive price and quality in the global marketplace. As is customary in the industry, the Company does not have long-term contracts for the purchase of steel or rubber and, therefore, purchases are subject to price fluctuations. Titan has developed a procurement strategy and practice that will mitigate price risk and lower cost.

CAPITAL EXPENDITURES

Capital expenditures for 2015, 2014 and 2013 were $48.4 million, $58.4 million and $80.1 million, respectively. The capital expenditures in each year were used primarily for expanding capabilities, updating manufacturing equipment, and for further automation at the Company’s facilities. These capital expenditures are anticipated to be used to primarily enhance the Company’s existing facilities and manufacturing capabilities, and drive productivity gains.

PATENTS, TRADEMARKS AND ROYALTIES

The Company owns various patents and trademarks and continues to apply for patent protection for new products. Due to the difficult nature of predicting the interpretation of patent laws, the Company cannot anticipate or predict any material adverse effect on its operations, cash flows or financial condition as a result of associated liabilities created under such patent interpretations should the Company be unable to protect its patents or found to be infringing others' patents.

The Company has trademark license agreements with The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company to manufacture and sell certain farm tires under the Goodyear name. These agreements cover sales in North America, Latin America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Russia and other Commonwealth of Independent States countries. The North American and Latin American farm tire royalties were prepaid through March 2018 as a part of the 2011 Goodyear Latin American farm tire acquisition. The Company also has a trademark license agreement with Goodyear to manufacture and sell certain non-farm tire products in Latin America.

MARKETING AND DISTRIBUTION

The Company employs an internal sales force and utilizes several manufacturing representative firms for sales in North America, Europe, Latin America, the CIS region, and other worldwide locations. Sales representatives are primarily organized within geographic regions.

Titan distributes wheels, tires, assemblies, and undercarriage systems directly to OEMs. The distribution of aftermarket tires occurs primarily through a network of independent and OEM-affiliated dealers. The Company distributes wheels, tires, wheel and tire assemblies, and undercarriage systems directly to OEMs and aftermarket customers through its distribution network consisting of facilities worldwide.

SEASONALITY

Agricultural equipment sales are seasonal by nature. Farmers generally order equipment to be delivered before the growing season. Shipments to OEMs in the U.S. and Europe usually peak during the Company’s first and second quarters for the spring planting period, while shipments in Latin America usually peak during the Company's second and third quarter for the fall planting period. Earthmoving/construction and consumer segments also historically tend to experience higher demand in the first and second quarters. These segments are affected by mining, building and economic conditions.

RESEARCH, DEVELOPMENT AND ENGINEERING

The Company’s research, development and engineering staff tests original designs and technologies and develops new manufacturing methods to improve product performance. These services enhance the Company’s relationships with its customers. Titan's unique advantage as both a wheel and tire manufacturer allow the Company to design, test, and bring to market innovative solutions to meet the specific needs of its customers. Titan has also developed a Low Sidewall (LSW) tire technology, featuring a larger rim diameter and a smaller sidewall than standard tires, which helps reduce power hop, road lope, soil compaction, and provides improved safety and performance. Research and development (R&D) expenses are expensed as incurred. R&D costs were $11.2 million, $14.0 million and $11.2 million for the years ending December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

CUSTOMERS

Titan’s 10 largest customers accounted for 31% of net sales for the year ended December 31, 2015, and 41% for the year ended December 31, 2014. Net sales to Deere & Company in Titan’s agricultural, earthmoving/construction and consumer segments combined represented 10% and 12% of the Company’s consolidated revenues for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. No other customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company’s net sales in 2015 or 2014. Management believes the Company is not totally dependent on any single customer; however, certain products are dependent on a few customers. While the loss of any substantial customer could impact Titan’s business, the Company believes that its diverse product mix and customer base may minimize a longer-term impact caused by any such loss.

ORDER BACKLOG

As of January 31, 2016, Titan estimates $284 million in open orders compared to $371 million at January 31, 2015, for the Company’s operations. The January 31, 2016 open order amount included $126 million in the agricultural segment, $147 million in the earthmoving/construction segment, and $11 million in the consumer segment. The January 31, 2015 open order amount included $160 million in the agricultural segment, $189 million in the earthmoving/construction segment, and $22 million in the consumer segment. The Company believes that current open orders will be filled during the current year. The Company's backlog of open orders is not considered material to, or a significant factor in, evaluating and understanding any of its business segments or its businesses considered as a whole.

INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS

In April of 2011, the Company closed on the acquisition of The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company's Latin American farm tire business. As a result of this transaction, the Company operates a manufacturing facility in Sao Paulo, Brazil. The Latin American operations recorded 12% and 16% of the Company's sales for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

In October of 2012, the Company closed on the acquisition of Titan Europe and, as a result, expanded its global footprint. The Titan Europe operations accounted for 31% and 27% of the Company's sales for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

In October 2013, the Company closed on the acquisition of Voltyre-Prom. As a result of this transaction, the Company operates a manufacturing facility in Volgograd, Russia, expanding its presence to the CIS region. The Voltyre-Prom operations accounted for 5% of the Company's sales for both of the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014.

EMPLOYEES

At December 31, 2015, the Company employed approximately 6,000 people worldwide, including approximately 4,000 located outside the United States.

The collective bargaining agreements at the Company's Bryan, Ohio; Freeport, Illinois; and Des Moines, Iowa facilities, which account for approximately 43% of the Company’s U.S. employees, expire in March 2017.

Outside the United States, the Company enters into employment contracts and agreements in those countries in which such relationships are mandatory or customary. The provisions of these agreements correspond in each case with the required or customary terms in the subject jurisdiction.

ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS

In the ordinary course of business, like other industrial companies, Titan is subject to extensive and evolving federal, state and local environmental laws and regulations, and has made provisions for the estimated financial impact of environmental cleanup. The Company’s policy is to accrue environmental cleanup-related costs of a non-capital nature when those costs are believed to be probable and can be reasonably estimated. Expenditures that extend the life of the related property, or mitigate or prevent future environmental contamination, are capitalized. The Company does not currently anticipate any material capital expenditures for environmental control facilities. The quantification of environmental exposures requires an assessment of many factors, including changing laws and regulations, advances in environmental technologies, the quality of information available related to specific sites, the assessment stage of the site investigation, preliminary findings and the length of time involved in remediation or settlement. Due to the difficult nature of predicting future environmental costs, the Company cannot anticipate or predict the material adverse effect on its operations, cash flows or financial condition as a result of efforts to comply with, or its liabilities under, environmental laws.

Presently, two of Titan’s subsidiaries are currently involved in litigation concerning environmental laws and regulations;

On October 26, 2010, the United States of America, on behalf of the Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”), filed a complaint against Dico, Inc. (“Dico”) and Titan Tire Corporation (“Titan Tire”) in the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Iowa, wherein the EPA sought civil penalties, punitive damages and response costs against Dico and Titan Tire pursuant to the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (“CERCLA”).

On June 11, 2015, Titan Tire and Dico, Inc. appealed the U.S. District Court’s order granting the EPA’s motion for summary judgment that found Dico and Titan Tire liable for civil penalties and response costs for violating CERCLA and Dico liable for civil penalties and punitive damages for violating an EPA Administrative Order.

On December 10, 2015, the United States Court of Appeals reversed the District Court’s summary judgment order with respect to “arranger” liability for Titan Tire and Dico under CERCLA and the imposition of punitive damages against Dico for violating the EPA Administrative Order, but affirmed the summary judgment order imposing civil penalties in the amount of $1.62 million against Dico for violating the EPA Administrative Order violation.

The case has been remanded to the District Court for trial on the issues of “arranger” liability under CERCLA as to Titan Tire and Dico and whether punitive damages should be imposed upon Dico for alleged violations of the EPA Administrative Order.

COMPETITION

The Company competes with several domestic and international companies, some of which are larger and have greater financial and marketing resources than Titan. The Company believes it is a primary source of steel wheels and rims to the majority of its North American customers. Major competitors in the off-highway wheel market include GKN Wheels, Ltd., Trelleborg Group, and Topy Industries, Ltd. Significant competitors in the off-highway tire market include Alliance Tire Company Ltd., Balkrishna Industries Limited (BKT), Bridgestone/Firestone, Michelin, Mitas a.s., and Pirelli. Significant competitors in the undercarriage market include Berco and Caterpillar.

The Company competes primarily on the basis of price, quality, customer service, design capability and delivery time. The Company’s ability to compete with international competitors may be adversely affected by currency fluctuations. Titan owns the molds and dies used to produce its wheels and tires. However, certain of the Company’s OEM customers could elect to manufacture the Company’s products to meet their requirements or to otherwise compete with the Company. There can be no assurance that the Company will not be adversely affected by increased competition in the markets in which it operates, or that competitors will not develop products that are more effective, less expensive or otherwise render certain of Titan’s products less competitive. From time to time, certain of the Company’s competitors have reduced their prices in particular product categories, which has prompted Titan to reduce prices as well. There can be no assurance that competitors of the Company will not further reduce prices in the future or that any such reductions would not have a material adverse effect on the Company.

NEW YORK STOCK EXCHANGE CERTIFICATION

The Company submitted to the New York Stock Exchange during fiscal 2015 the Annual CEO Certification required by Section 303A.12(a) of the New York Stock Exchange Listed Company Manual.

AVAILABLE INFORMATION

The Company’s annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to those reports are made available, without charge, through the Company’s website located at www.titan-intl.com as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The SEC maintains a website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC. The following documents are also posted on the Company’s website:


•	Corporate Governance Policy


•	Business Conduct Policy


•	Audit Committee Charter


•	Compensation Committee Charter


•	Nominating Committee Charter


•	Corporate Governance Committee Charter

Printed copies of these documents are available, without charge, by writing to: Titan International, Inc.,

c/o Corporate Secretary, 2701 Spruce Street, Quincy, IL 62301.

ITEM 1A – RISK FACTORS

The Company is subject to various risks and uncertainties relating to or arising out of the nature of its business and general business, economic, financing, legal and other factors or conditions that may affect the Company. Realization of any of the following risks could have a material adverse effect on Titan’s business, financial condition, cash flows and results of operations.


•	The Company is exposed to price fluctuations of key commodities.

The Company does not generally enter into long-term commodity contracts and does not use derivative commodity instruments to hedge exposures to commodity market price fluctuations. Therefore, the Company is exposed to price fluctuations of key commodities, which consist primarily of steel and rubber. Although the Company attempts to pass on certain material price increases to its customers, there is no assurance that the Company will be able to do so in the future. Any increase in the price of steel and rubber that is not passed on to customers could have a material adverse effect on Titan’s results of operations.


•	The Company relies on a limited number of suppliers.

The Company currently relies on a limited number of suppliers for certain key commodities, which consist primarily of steel and rubber, in the manufacturing of Titan products. The loss of key suppliers or their inability to meet price, quality, quantity and delivery requirements could have a significant adverse impact on the Company’s results of operations.


•	The Company’s revolving credit facility and other debt obligations contain covenants.

The Company’s revolving credit facility and other debt obligations contain covenants and restrictions. These covenants and restrictions could limit Titan’s ability to respond to market conditions, to provide for unanticipated capital investments, to raise additional debt or equity capital, to pay dividends or to take advantage of business opportunities, including future acquisitions. Titan’s ability to comply with the covenants may be affected by events beyond its control, including prevailing economic, financial and industry conditions.


•	The Company operates in cyclical industries and is subject to numerous changes in the economy.

The Company's sales are substantially dependent on three major industries: agricultural equipment, earthmoving/construction equipment and consumer products. The business activity levels in these industries are subject to specific industry and general economic cycles. Any downturn in these industries or the general economy could have a material adverse effect on Titan’s business.

The agricultural equipment industry is affected by crop prices, farm income and farmland values, weather, export markets and government policies. The earthmoving/construction industry is affected by the levels of government and private construction spending and replacement demand. The mining industry, which is within the earthmoving/construction industry, is affected by raw material commodity prices. The consumer products industry is affected by consumer disposable income, weather, competitive pricing, energy prices and consumer attitudes. In addition, the performance of these industries is sensitive to interest rate and foreign exchange rate changes and varies with the overall level of economic activity.


•	The Company’s customer base is relatively concentrated.

The Company’s ten largest customers, which are primarily original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), accounted for 31% of Titan’s net sales for 2015. Net sales to Deere & Company represented 10% of total 2015 net sales. No other customer accounted for more than 10% of net sales in 2015. As a result, Titan’s business could be adversely affected if one of its larger customers reduces its purchases from Titan due to work stoppages or slow-downs, financial difficulties, as a result of termination provisions, competitive pricing or other reasons. There is also continuing pressure from the OEMs to reduce costs, including the cost of products and services purchased from outside suppliers such as Titan. The Company has had long-term relationships with major customers and expects to continue these relationships. There can be no assurance that Titan will be able to maintain such ongoing relationships. Any failure to maintain the Company’s relationship with a leading customer could have an adverse effect on results of operations.


•	The Company’s revenues are seasonal in nature due to Titan’s dependence on seasonal industries.

The agricultural, earthmoving/construction and recreational industries are seasonal, with typically lower sales during the second half of the year. This seasonality in demand has resulted in fluctuations in the Company’s revenues and operating results. Because much of Titan’s overhead expenses are fixed, seasonal trends can cause reductions in quarterly profit margins and financial condition, especially during slower periods.


•	The Company may be adversely affected by changes in government regulations and policies.

Domestic and foreign political developments and government regulations and policies directly affect the agricultural, earthmoving/construction and consumer products industries in the United States and abroad. Regulations and policies in the agricultural industry include those encouraging farm acreage reduction in the United States and granting ethanol subsidies. Regulations and policies relating to the earthmoving/construction industry include the construction of roads, bridges and other items of infrastructure. The modification of existing laws, regulations or policies or the adoption of new laws, regulations or policies could have an adverse effect on any one or more of these industries and, therefore, on Titan’s business.


•	The Company is subject to corporate governance requirements, and costs related to compliance with, or failure to comply with, existing and future requirements could adversely affect Titan’s business.

The Company is subject to corporate governance requirements under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as well as new rules and regulations subsequently adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) and the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). These laws, rules and regulations continue to evolve and may become increasingly restrictive in the future. Failure to comply with these laws, rules and regulations may have an adverse material effect on Titan’s reputation, financial condition and the value of the Company’s securities.


•	The Company faces substantial competition from domestic and international companies.

The Company competes with several domestic and international competitors, some of which are larger and have greater financial and marketing resources than Titan. Titan competes primarily on the basis of price, quality, customer service, design capability and delivery time. The Company’s ability to compete with international competitors may be adversely affected by currency fluctuations. In addition, certain OEM customers could elect to manufacture certain products to meet their own requirements or to otherwise compete with Titan.

There can be no assurance that Titan’s businesses will not be adversely affected by increased competition in the Company’s markets or that competitors will not develop products that are more effective or less expensive than Titan products or which could render certain products less competitive. From time to time certain competitors have reduced prices in particular product categories, which has caused Titan to reduce prices. There can be no assurance that in the future Titan’s competitors will not further reduce prices or that any such reductions would not have a material adverse effect on Titan’s business.


•	The Company may be affected by unfair trade.

Titan faces intense competition from producers both in the United States and around the world. In early January 2016, Titan, along with the United Steel Workers, filed petitions with the U.S. Department of Commerce (“Dept. of Commerce”) and the U.S. International Trade Commission (“ITC”) alleging that imported off-the-road tires from India and Sri Lanka and wheel and tire assemblies from China were being dumped and/or subsidized and were a cause of material injury to the domestic industry. Both the Dept. of Commerce and the ITC have initiated investigations against India and Sri Lanka; but, the ITC did not recommend pursuing the investigation into wheel and tire assemblies from China. If the Dept. of Commerce determines that imports are a cause of material injury (or threat of material injury) to the domestic industry and the Dept. of Commerce finds that imported goods are dumped and/or subsidized, imports will be subject to offsetting duties to neutralize such internationally recognized unfair trade practices. The investigations will likely run through early 2017, although preliminary relief could be provided during the summer of 2016.

Unfair trade from other countries may have a material adverse effect on Titan's business.


•	The Company could be negatively impacted if Titan fails to maintain satisfactory labor relations.

The Company is party to collective bargaining agreements. Upon the expiration of any of the collective bargaining agreements, however, Titan may be unable to negotiate new collective bargaining agreements on terms that are cost effective to the Company. The business operations may be affected as a result of labor disputes or difficulties and delays in the process of renegotiating collective bargaining agreements.


•	Unfavorable outcomes of legal proceedings could adversely affect results of operations.

The Company is a party to routine legal proceedings arising out of the normal course of business. Although it is not possible to predict with certainty the outcome of these unresolved legal actions or the range of possible loss, the Company believes at this time that none of these actions, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows of the Company. However, due to the difficult nature of predicting unresolved and future legal claims, the Company cannot anticipate or predict any material adverse effect on its consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows as a result of efforts to comply with, or its liabilities pertaining to, legal judgments.


•	Acquisitions may require significant resources and/or result in significant losses, costs or liabilities.

Any future acquisitions will depend on the ability to identify suitable acquisition candidates, to negotiate acceptable terms for their acquisition and to finance those acquisitions. Titan will also face competition for suitable acquisition candidates that may increase costs. In addition, acquisitions require significant managerial attention, which may be diverted from current operations. Furthermore, acquisitions of businesses or facilities entail a number of additional risks, including:

- problems with effective integration of operations;

- the inability to maintain key pre-acquisition customer, supplier and employee relationships;

- the potential that expected benefits or synergies are not realized and operating costs increase; and

- exposure to unanticipated liabilities.

International acquisitions may be more complex and time consuming. Also, international acquisitions may include a number of additional risks including the integration of acquisitions operating under differing laws and regulations.

Subject to the terms of indebtedness, the Company may finance future acquisitions with cash from operations, additional indebtedness and/or by issuing additional equity securities. These commitments may impair the operation of Titan’s businesses. In addition, the Company could face financial risks associated with incurring additional indebtedness such as reducing liquidity and access to financing markets and increasing the amount of cash flow required to service such indebtedness.


•	The Company has international operations and purchases raw material from foreign suppliers.

The Company had total aggregate sales outside the United States of approximately $750.2 million, $1,028.0 million and $1,089.9 million, for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Sales outside the United States have become a significant proportion of total sales, accounting for 54%, 54% and 50% for the years ending December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Sales from these international operations are expected to continue to represent a similar portion of total sales.

International Operations and Sales – International operations and sales are subject to a number of special risks, including, but not limited to, risks with respect to currency exchange rates, economic and political destabilization, other disruption of markets and restrictive actions by foreign governments (such as restrictions on transfer of funds, export duties and quotas and foreign customs). Other risks include changes in foreign laws regarding trade and investment; difficulties in obtaining distribution and support; nationalization; reforms of United States laws and policies affecting trade, foreign investment and loans; and foreign tax laws. There may also be restrictions on the Company's ability to repatriate earnings and investments from international operations. There can be no assurance that one or a combination of these factors will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to increase or maintain its foreign sales.

Foreign Suppliers – The Company purchases raw materials from foreign suppliers. The production costs, profit margins and competitive position of the Company are affected by the strength of the currencies in countries where Titan purchases goods, relative to the strength of the currencies in countries where the products are sold. The Company’s results of operations, cash flows and financial position may be affected by fluctuations in foreign currencies.


•	The Company is subject to anti-corruption laws and regulations.

The Company has international operations and must comply with anti-corruption laws and regulations including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA). These anti-bribery laws generally prohibit companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments or providing anything of value for the purpose of obtaining or retaining business. The FCPA prohibits these payments regardless of local customs and practices. Although Titan has a compliance program in place to reduce the potential violations of corruption laws, violations of these laws could adversely affect the Company's business.


•	The Company may be subject to product liability and warranty claims.

The Company warrants its products to be free of certain defects and, accordingly, may be subject to product liability or product warranty claims in the ordinary course of business. Losses may result or be alleged to result from defects in Titan products, which could subject the Company to claims for damages, including consequential damages. There can be no assurance that Company insurance will be adequate for liabilities actually incurred or that adequate insurance will be available on terms acceptable to the Company. Any claims relating to defective products that result in liability exceeding Titan’s insurance coverage could have a material adverse effect on financial condition and results of operations. Further, claims of defects could result in negative publicity against Titan, which could adversely affect the Company’s business.


•	The Company has incurred, and may incur in the future, net losses.

The Company reported loss before income taxes of $52.0 million and $152.2 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively, and may incur losses in the future. Although the Company reported net income for the year ended December 31, 2013, and the Company expects to generate future profitability, there is no guarantee the Company will be profitable in the future.


•	The Company may be adversely affected by a disruption in, or failure of, information technology systems.

The Company relies upon information technology systems, some of which are managed by third parties, to process, transmit and store electronic information. Technology systems are used in a variety of business processes and activities, including purchasing, manufacturing, distribution, invoicing and financial reporting. The Company utilizes security measures and business continuity plans to prevent, detect and remediate damage from computer viruses, natural disasters, unauthorized access, utility failures and other similar disruptions. Despite these measures, a security breach or information technology system failure may disrupt and adversely affect the Company's operations.


•	The Company is subject to risks associated with climate change and climate change regulations.

Governmental regulatory bodies in the United States and other countries have, or are, contemplating introducing regulatory changes in response to the potential impacts of climate change. Laws and regulations regarding climate change and energy usage may impact the Company directly through higher costs for energy and raw materials. The Company’s customers may also be affected by climate change regulations that may impact future purchases. Physical climate change may potentially have a large impact on the Company’s two largest industry segments, agriculture and earthmoving/construction. The potential impacts of climate change and climate change regulations are highly uncertain at this time, and the Company cannot anticipate or predict the material adverse effect on its consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows as a result of climate change and climate change regulations.


•	The Company is subject to risks associated with environmental laws and regulations.

The Company’s operations are subject to federal, state, local and foreign laws and regulations governing, among other things, emissions to air, discharge to waters and the generation, handling, storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste and other materials. The Company’s operations entail risks in these areas, and there can be no assurance that Titan will not incur material costs or liabilities. In addition, potentially significant expenditures could be required in order to comply with evolving environmental and health and safety laws, regulations or requirements that may be adopted or imposed in the future.


•	The Company may incur additional tax expense or tax exposure.

The Company is subject to income taxes in the United States and numerous foreign jurisdictions, and has domestic and international tax liabilities which are dependent upon the distribution of income among these different jurisdictions. Titan's income tax provision and cash tax liability in the future could be adversely affected by numerous factors, including income before taxes being lower than anticipated in countries with lower statutory tax rates and higher than anticipated in countries with higher statutory tax rates, changes in the valuation of deferred tax assets and liabilities and changes in tax laws and regulations.


•	The Company is subject to foreign currency translation risk.

The Company continues to expand globally and now operates in many worldwide locations and transacts business in many foreign currencies. Titan's financial statements are reported in U.S. dollars with financial statements of international subsidiaries being initially recorded in foreign currencies and translated into U.S. dollars. Large fluctuations in currency exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and other world currencies may materially adversely affect the Company's financial condition, results of operations and liquidity.


•	The Company is subject to risks associated with uncertainties related to social, political and economic conditions in Russia and Brazil.

Geopolitical and economic uncertainties relating to Russia and Brazil have and could continue to have a negative impact on the Company's sales and results of operations at the Company's Russian and Brazilian operations.


•	The Company has identified a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting which resulted in a restatement of its financial statements which, if not remediated, could result in additional material mistatements in the Company's financial statements.

Titan’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. As disclosed in Item 9A, management identified a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting related to entity level controls. A material weakness is defined as a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of our annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. As a result of this material weakness, management concluded that Titan's internal control over financial reporting was not effective based on criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organization of the Treadway Commission in Internal Control - An Integrated Framework. Management is actively engaged in developing a remediation plan designed to address this material weakness. If the remediation measures are insufficient to address the material weakness or if additional material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in Titan's internal control over financial reporting are discovered or occur in the future, the Company's consolidated financial statements may contain material misstatements and Titan could be required to restate financial results.

ITEM 1B – UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

Not applicable.

ITEM 2 – PROPERTIES

The Company’s properties with total square footage above 1 million are detailed by the location, size and focus of each facility as provided in the table below (Amounts in thousands):



	Approximate square footage
Location	Owned	Leased	Use	Segment
Union City, Tennessee	2,149		Manufacturing, distribution	All segments
Des Moines, Iowa	2,047		Manufacturing, distribution	All segments
Sao Paulo, Brazil	1,282		Manufacturing, distribution	All segments
Quincy, Illinois	1,209		Manufacturing, distribution	All segments
Freeport, Illinois	1,202		Manufacturing, distribution	All segments
Natchez, Mississippi		1,203	Storage	See note (a)


(a)	The Company’s facility in Natchez, Mississippi, is not in operation and is currently being used for storage.

The Company’s total properties by continent are detailed by the location, size and focus as provided in the table below (Amounts in thousands):



	Approximate square footage
Location	Owned	Leased	Use	Segment
North America	8,660	1,629	Manufacturing, distribution	All segments
South America	1,434	23	Manufacturing, distribution	All segments
Europe	1,487	54	Manufacturing, distribution	All segments
Australia		526	Manufacturing, distribution	All segments
Asia	646	137	Manufacturing, distribution	All segments
Africa		11	Manufacturing, distribution	All segments

The Company considers each of its facilities to be in good condition and adequate for present use. Management believes that the Company has sufficient capacity to meet current market demand with the active facilities. The Company has no current plans to restart manufacturing at the storage facility described in note (a) above.

ITEM 3 – LEGAL PROCEEDINGS

The Company is a party to routine legal proceedings arising out of the normal course of business. Although it is not possible to predict with certainty the outcome of these unresolved legal actions or the range of possible loss, the Company believes at this time that none of these actions, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows of the Company. However, due to the difficult nature of predicting unresolved and future legal claims, the Company cannot anticipate or predict the material adverse effect on its consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows as a result of efforts to comply with or its liabilities pertaining to legal judgments.

Presently, Titan is engaged in the following material legal proceeding:

In early January 2016, Titan, along with the United Steel, Paper and Forestry, Rubber, Manufacturing, Energy, Allied Industrial and Service Worker International Union, AFL-CIO, CLC of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, filed petitions with the U.S. Department of Commerce (“Dept. of Commerce”) and the U.S. International Trade Commission (“ITC”) alleging that imported off-the-road tires from India and Sri Lanka and wheel and tire assemblies from China were being dumped and/or subsidized and were a cause of material injury to the domestic industry. Both the Dept. of Commerce and the ITC have initiated investigations against India and Sri Lanka; but, the ITC did not recommend pursuing the investigation into wheel and tire assemblies from China. If the Dept. of Commerce determines that imports are a cause of material injury (or threat of material injury) to the domestic industry and the Dept. of Commerce finds that imported goods are dumped and/or subsidized, imports will be subject to offsetting duties to neutralize such internationally recognized unfair trade practices. The investigations will likely run through early 2017, although preliminary relief could be provided during the summer of 2016.

Two of Titan’s subsidiaries, Dico, Inc. and Titan Tire Corporation, are currently involved in litigation concerning environmental laws and regulations. See "Environmental Laws and Regulations" in Item 1 for additional information.

ITEM 4 – MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES

Not applicable.

PART II


ITEM 5	– MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES

The Company’s common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) under the symbol TWI. On February 17, 2016, there were approximately 400 holders of record of Titan common stock and an estimated 12,900 beneficial stockholders. The following table sets forth the high and low sales prices per share of common stock as reported on the NYSE, as well as information concerning per share dividends declared for the periods indicated.



2015	High		Low		Dividends Declared
First quarter	$	10.79	$	8.77	$	0.005
Second quarter	12.50		9.00		0.005
Third quarter	10.85		6.34		0.005
Fourth quarter	7.91		3.53		0.005
2014
First quarter	$	19.89	$	16.22	$	0.005
Second quarter	19.28		15.29		0.005
Third quarter	17.20		11.76		0.005
Fourth quarter	11.83		9.14		0.005

PERFORMANCE COMPARISON GRAPH

The performance graph compares cumulative total return for the Company’s common stockholders over the past five years against the cumulative total return of the Standard & Poor’s 600 Agricultural & Farm Machinery Index, and against the Standard & Poor’s 500 Stock Index. The graph depicts the value on December 31, 2015, of a $100 investment made on December 31, 2010, in Company common stock and each of the other two indices, with all dividends reinvested. Titan’s common stock is traded on the NYSE under the symbol TWI.



	Fiscal Year Ended December 31,
	2010		2011		2012		2013		2014		2015
Titan International, Inc.	$	100.00	$	99.69	$	111.37	$	92.30	$	54.65	$	20.32
S&P 500 Index	100.00		102.11		118.45		156.82		178.29		180.75
S&P 600 Agricultural & Farm Machinery Index (a)	100.00		94.45		132.74		166.05		154.52		145.84

(a) The S&P 600 Agricultural & Farm Machinery index was created March 2014. The index data above reflects the old S&P 600 Construction & Farm Machinery & Heavy Trucks index from 12/31/10 - 2/28/14 and the new S&P 600 Agricultural & Farm Machinery index from 3/31/14 - forward.

ITEM 6 – SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

The selected financial data presented below, as of and for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, 2013, 2012, and 2011, are derived from the Company’s consolidated financial statements, as audited by Grant Thornton LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, 2013, and 2012, and PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm for the year ended December 31, 2011, and should be read in conjunction with the Company’s Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and our audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto.

(All amounts in thousands, except per share data)



	Year Ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013			2012			2011
Net sales	$	1,394,771		$	1,895,527		$	2,163,595		$	1,820,678		$	1,486,998
Mining asset impairment and inventory write-down	—			39,932			—			—			—
Gross profit	137,809			140,643			295,190			294,139			232,108
Non-cash goodwill impairment charge	—			36,571			—			—			—
Supply agreement termination income	—			—			—			(26,134		)	—
Income (loss) from operations	(24,279		)	(97,625		)	102,395			174,708			132,173
Gain (loss) on senior note repurchase	—			—			(22,734		)	—			—
Non-cash Titan Europe gain	—			—			—			26,700			—
Gain on earthquake insurance recovery	—			—			22,451			—			—
Income (loss) before income taxes	(52,006		)	(152,244		)	54,734			192,251			95,895
Net income (loss)	(90,287		)	(130,425		)	29,687			105,638			58,136
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	(14,654		)	(49,964		)	(5,518		)	(1,593		)	(16		)
Net income (loss) attributable to Titan	(75,633		)	(80,461		)	35,205			107,231			58,152
Net income (loss) per share – basic	(1.74		)	(2.43		)	.66			2.47			1.40
Net income (loss) per share – diluted	(1.74		)	(2.43		)	.64			2.05			1.18
Dividends declared per common share	0.02			0.02			0.02			0.02			0.02



(All amounts in thousands)	As of December 31,
	2015		2014		2013		2012		2011
Working capital	$	439,904	$	534,374	$	621,307	$	529,043	$	388,827
Current assets	710,001		835,930		1,007,878		996,123		564,593
Total assets	1,275,191		1,495,724		1,821,231		1,710,235		1,010,286
Long-term debt (a)	480,404		496,503		497,694		441,438		317,881
Stockholders’ equity	344,683		518,866		708,881		632,362		396,879


(a)	Excludes amounts due within one year and classified as a current liability.

ITEM 7– MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS

Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations (MD&A) is designed to provide a reader of these financial statements with a narrative from the perspective of the management of Titan International, Inc. (Titan or the Company) on Titan’s financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and other factors which may affect the Company’s future results.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements, including statements regarding, among other items:


•	Anticipated trends in the Company’s business


•	Future expenditures for capital projects


•	The Company’s ability to continue to control costs and maintain quality


•	Ability to meet conditions of loan agreements and other agreements governing indebtedness


•	The Company’s business strategies, including its intention to introduce new products


•	Expectations concerning the performance and success of the Company’s existing and new products


•	The Company’s intention to consider and pursue acquisition and divestiture opportunities

Readers of this Form 10-K should understand that these forward-looking statements are based on the Company’s expectations and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, including those in Item 1A, Part I of this report, “Risk Factors,” certain of which are beyond the Company’s control.

Actual results could differ materially from these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors, including:


•	The effect of a recession on the Company and its customers and suppliers


•	Changes in the Company’s end-user markets as a result of world economic or regulatory influences


•	Changes in the marketplace, including new products and pricing changes by the Company’s competitors


•	Ability to maintain satisfactory labor relations


•	Unfavorable outcomes of legal proceedings


•	Availability and price of raw materials


•	Levels of operating efficiencies


•	Unfavorable product liability and warranty claims


•	Actions of domestic and foreign governments


•	Geopolitical and economic uncertainties relating to Russia and Brazil could have a negative impact on the Company's sales and results of operations at the Company's Russian and Brazilian operations


•	Results of investments


•	Fluctuations in currency translations


•	Climate change and related laws and regulations


•	Risks associated with environmental laws and regulations

Any changes in such factors could lead to significantly different results. The Company cannot provide any assurance that the assumptions referred to in the forward-looking statements or otherwise are accurate or will prove to transpire. Any assumptions that are inaccurate or do not prove to be correct could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to achieve the results as indicated in forward-looking statements. The Company undertakes no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. In light of these risks and uncertainties, there can be no assurance that the forward-looking information contained in this document will in fact transpire.

OVERVIEW

Titan International, Inc. and its subsidiaries are leading manufacturers of wheels, tires, wheel and tire assemblies, and undercarriage systems and components for off-highway vehicles used in the agricultural, earthmoving/construction and consumer segments. Titan manufactures both wheels and tires for the majority of these market applications, allowing the Company to provide the value-added service of delivering complete wheel and tire assemblies. The Company offers a broad range of products that are manufactured in relatively short production runs to meet the specifications of original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and/or the requirements of aftermarket customers.

The Company’s major OEM customers include large manufacturers of off-highway equipment such as AGCO Corporation, Caterpillar Inc., CNH Global N.V., Deere & Company and Kubota Corporation, in addition to many other off-highway equipment manufacturers. The Company distributes products to OEMs, independent and OEM-affiliated dealers, and through a network of distribution facilities.

The following table provides highlights for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to 2014 (amounts in thousands):



	2015			2014
Net sales	$	1,394,771		$	1,895,527
Loss from operations	(24,279		)	(97,625		)
Net loss	(90,287		)	(130,425		)

The Company recorded sales of $1,394.8 million for 2015, which were 26% lower than the 2014 sales of $1,895.5 million. Sales declined across all reported segments. Sales volume was down 11% as both the agriculture and earthmoving/construction segments remained in cyclical downturns. The consumer segment was affected by the Company's exit from various low-margin supply agreements and economic stress in Brazil. Unfavorable currency translation affected sales by 10% and a reduction in price/mix of 5% further eroded sales due to competitive pricing.

The Company’s loss from operations was $24.3 million for 2015, compared to loss of $97.6 million for 2014. Titan’s net loss was $90.3 million for 2015, compared to loss of $130.4 million in 2014. Diluted earnings per share was $(1.74) in 2015, compared to diluted earnings per share of $(2.43) in 2014.

Loss from operations and net loss improved from the absence of impairments and write-downs in 2015. In the second quarter of 2014, the Company recorded an asset impairment of $23.2 million on machinery, equipment and molds used to produce giant mining tires. In addition, the Company recorded inventory write-downs of $16.7 million in 2014 to adjust the value of mining product inventory to estimated market value. In the fourth quarter of 2014, the Company recorded a non-cash charge for the impairment of goodwill of $36.6 million.

Even as sales declined in 2015, adjusted gross margin improved as the Company continued to reap benefits from the Business Improvement Framework which began in 2014. After adjusting out the aforementioned impairments and write-downs, gross margin in 2014 was 9.5%. Gross margin in 2015 was 9.9% as initiatives born from the framework helped to drive increased productivity, expenditure rationalization, lower material costs, improved quality, lower warranty costs, and pricing optimization.

MINING ASSET IMPAIRMENT AND INVENTORY WRITE-DOWN

In 2014, the Company recorded an asset impairment and inventory write-downs of $23.2 million and $16.7 million, respectively. The impairment was recorded on machinery, equipment and molds used to produce giant mining tires. Mining products are included in the Company's earthmoving/construction segment. In the second quarter of 2014, several large mining equipment manufacturers significantly decreased their sales forecast for mining equipment. The Company's sales of mining product were deteriorating at an accelerated pace. Therefore, the company tested mining related assets for impairment in the second quarter of 2014. The fair value of the mining equipment was determined using a cost and market approach. The inventory write-downs were to adjust the value of mining product inventory to estimated market value.

PURCHASE OF VOLTYRE-PROM

On October 4, 2013, Titan in partnership with One Equity Partners (OEP) and the Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF)closed the acquisition of an 85% interest in Voltyre-Prom, a leading producer of agricultural and industrial tires in Volgograd, Russia, for approximately $94.1 million, which includes the assumption of debt. Titan is acting as operating partner with responsibility for Voltyre-Prom's daily operations on behalf of the consortium of which Titan holds a 30% interest. The fair value of the consideration transferred and noncontrolling interests exceeded the fair value of the identified assets acquired less liabilities assumed. Therefore, goodwill of $21.0 million was recorded on the transaction at the time of acquisition. In the fourth quarter of 2014, the Company recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $15.6 million for Voltyre-Prom which removed all goodwill related to this acquisition. The difference from the amount originally recorded was due to foreign currency translation. An initial noncontrolling interest of $14.5 million, representing the 15% not owned by the partnership, was recorded at the acquisition date. In the first half of 2014, the partnership of Titan, OEP, and RDIF purchased an additional 15% to bring total Voltyre-Prom ownership to 100% for the partnership.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table sets forth the Company’s statement of operations expressed as a percentage of net sales for the periods indicated. This table and subsequent discussions should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements and notes thereto.



	As a Percentage of Net Sales Year ended December 31,
	2015		2014		2013
Net sales	100.0	%	100.0	%	100.0	%
Cost of sales	90.1		90.5		86.4
Mining asset impairment and inventory write-down	—		2.1		—
Gross profit	9.9		7.4		13.6
Selling, general and administrative expenses	10.1		9.2		7.7
Research and development	0.8		0.7		0.5
Royalty expense	0.8		0.7		0.7
Non-cash goodwill impairment charge	—		1.9		—
Income (loss) from operations	(1.8	)	(5.1	)	4.7
Interest expense	(2.4	)	(1.9	)	(2.2	)
Convertible debt conversion charge	—		—		(0.3	)
Loss on senior note repurchase	—		—		(1.1	)
Gain on earthquake insurance recovery	—		—		1.0
Foreign exchange loss	(0.3	)	(1.7	)	(0.2	)
Other income (expense)	0.8		0.7		0.6
Income (loss) before income taxes	(3.7	)	(8.0	)	2.5
Income tax provision (benefit)	2.7		(1.2	)	1.2
Net income (loss)	(6.4	)%	(6.8	)%	1.3	%
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	(1.1	)	(2.6	)	(0.3	)
Net income (loss) attributable to Titan	(5.3	)%	(4.2	)%	1.6	%

In addition, the following table sets forth components of the Company’s net sales classified by segment, (amounts in thousands):



	2015		2014		2013
Agricultural	$	723,715	$	1,016,882	$	1,182,187
Earthmoving/Construction	505,927		610,596		749,115
Consumer	165,129		268,049		232,293
Total	$	1,394,771	$	1,895,527	$	2,163,595

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

Preparation of the financial statements and related disclosures in compliance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires the application of appropriate technical accounting rules and guidance, as well as the use of estimates. The Company’s application of these policies involves assumptions that require difficult subjective judgments regarding many factors, which, in and of themselves, could materially impact the financial statements and disclosures. A future change in the estimates, assumptions or judgments applied in determining the following matters, among others, could have a material impact on future financial statements and disclosures.

Asset and Business Acquisitions

The allocation of purchase price for asset and business acquisitions requires management estimates and judgment as to expectations for future cash flows of the acquired assets and business and the allocation of those cash flows to identifiable intangible assets in determining the estimated fair value for purchase price allocations. If the actual results differ from the estimates and judgments used in determining the purchase price allocations, impairment losses could occur. To aid in establishing the value of any intangible assets at the time of acquisition, the Company typically engages a professional appraisal firm.

Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. The majority of inventories are valued under the first in, first out (FIFO) method or average cost method. Approximately 8% of the Company's December 31, 2015 inventories were valued using the last in, first out (LIFO) method. The majority of steel material inventory in North America is accounted for under the LIFO method. Market value is estimated based on current selling prices. Estimated provisions are established for slow-moving and obsolete inventory.

Income Taxes

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the respective tax basis of assets and liabilities. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the enacted tax rates that are expected to apply in the years the temporary differences are expected to be settled or realized. A valuation allowance is recorded for the portion of the deferred tax assets for which it is more likely than not that a tax benefit will not be realized. Management’s judgment is required to determine the provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and liabilities, and valuation allowances against deferred tax assets.

Retirement Benefit Obligations

Pension benefit obligations are based on various assumptions used by third-party actuaries in calculating these amounts. These assumptions include discount rates, expected return on plan assets, mortality rates and other factors. Revisions in assumptions and actual results that differ from the assumptions affect future expenses, cash funding requirements and obligations. The Company has three frozen defined benefit pension plans in the United States and pension plans in several foreign countries. For more information concerning these costs and obligations, see the discussion of the “Pensions” and Note 26 to the Company’s financial statements.

The effect of hypothetical changes to selected assumptions on the Company’s frozen pension benefit obligations would be as follows (amounts in thousands):



		December 31, 2015		2016
Assumptions	Percentage Change	Increase (Decrease) PBO (a)	Increase (Decrease) Equity	Increase (Decrease) Expense
Pension
Discount rate	+/-5	$(5,182)/$5,762	$5,182/$(5,762)	$(158)/$238
Expected return on assets	+/-5			$(374)/$374


(a)	Projected benefit obligation (PBO) for pension plans.

Product Warranties

The Company provides limited warranties on workmanship on its products in all market segments. The majority of the Company's products have a limited warranty that ranges from zero to ten years, with certain products being prorated after the first year. The Company calculates a provision for warranty expense based on past warranty experience. Actual warranty experience may differ from historical experience. The Company's warranty accrual was $23.1 million at December 31, 2015, and $28.1 million at December 31, 2014.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

The Company reviews fixed assets to assess recoverability from future operations whenever events and circumstances indicate that the carrying values may not be recoverable. Factors that could result in an impairment review include, but are not limited to, a current period cash flow loss combined with a history of cash flow losses, current cash flows that may be insufficient to recover the investment in the property over the remaining useful life, or a projection that demonstrates continuing losses associated with the use of a long-lived asset, significant changes in the manner of use of the assets or significant changes in business strategies. Impairment losses are recognized in operating results when expected undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value of the asset. Impairment losses are measured as the excess of the carrying value of the asset over the discounted expected future cash flows or the estimated fair value of the asset.

As a result of the continued downturns in the Company's markets and overall operating loss, the Company determined in the fourth quarter of 2015 that events and circumstances indicated that the carrying value of fixed assets may not be recoverable. Certain long-lived assets were reviewed for recoverability. No impairment was identified. The Company's impairment testing includes uncertainty because it requires management to make assumptions and to apply judgment to estimated future cash flows and asset fair values. If actual results are not consistent with estimates and assumptions used in estimating future cash flows and asset fair values, the Titan may be exposed to impairment charges in the future, which could be material to the Company's results of operations.

FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2015, COMPARED TO FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2014

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Highlights for the year ended December 31, 2015, compared to 2014 (amounts in thousands):



	2015			2014			% Decrease
Net sales	$	1,394,771		$	1,895,527		(26	)%
Cost of sales	1,256,962			1,714,952			(27	)%
Mining asset impairment and inventory write-down	—			39,932			n/a
Gross profit	137,809			140,643			(2	)%
Gross profit percentage	9.9		%	7.4		%

Net Sales

Net sales for the year ended December 31, 2015, were $1,394.8 million, compared to $1,895.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, a decrease of 26%. Sales declined across all reported segments. Sales volume was down 11% as both the Agriculture and Earthmoving/Construction segments remained in cyclical downturns. The Consumer segment was affected by the Company's exit from various low-margin supply agreements and economic stress in Brazil. Unfavorable currency translation affected sales by 10% and a reduction in price/mix of 5% further eroded sales due to competitive pricing and lower raw material costs passed along to customers.

Cost of Sales, Mining Asset Impairment, Mining Inventory Write-down and Gross Profit

Cost of sales was $1,257.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, as compared to $1,715.0 million in 2014. Gross profit for the year 2015 was $137.8 million, or 9.9% of net sales, compared to $140.6 million, or 7.4% of net sales for 2014. In the second quarter of 2014, the Company recorded an asset impairment of $23.2 million on machinery, equipment and molds used to produce giant mining tires. In addition, the Company recorded inventory write-downs of $16.7 million in 2014 to adjust the value of mining product inventory to estimated market value. After adjusting for the aforementioned impairments and write-downs, gross profit for 2014 was $180.5 million or 9.5% of net sales.

Even as sales declined in 2015, adjusted gross margin improved as the Company continued to reap benefits from the Business Improvement Framework which began in 2014. After adjusting for the aforementioned impairments and write-downs, gross margin in 2014 was 9.5%. Gross margin in 2015 was 9.9% as initiatives born from the framework helped to drive increased productivity, expenditure rationalization, lower material costs, improved quality, lower warranty costs, and pricing optimization.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses were $140.4 million, or 10.1% of net sales, for the year ended December 31, 2015, as compared to $173.6 million, or 9.2% of net sales, for 2014. The decrease in SG&A expenses was driven from our Business Improvement Framework and currency.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development (R&D) expenses were $11.2 million, or 0.8% of net sales, for the year ended December 31, 2015, as compared to $14.0 million, or 0.7% of net sales, for 2014.

Royalty Expense

The Company has a trademark license agreement with The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company to manufacture and sell certain tires in North America and Latin America under the Goodyear name. The North American and Latin American farm tire royalties were prepaid through March 2018 as a part of the 2011 Goodyear Latin American farm tire acquisition. In May 2012, the Company and Goodyear entered into an agreement under which Titan will sell certain non-farm tire products directly to third party customers and pay a royalty to Goodyear. Royalty expenses were $10.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, as compared to $14.1 million in 2014.

Non-cash Goodwill Impairment Charge

$15.6 million of goodwill related to the acquisition of Voltyre-Prom. The Voltyre-Prom goodwill included $11.0 million in the agricultural segment, $2.6 million in the earthmoving/construction segment, and $2.0 million in the consumer segment.

The key factor leading to the impairment of the Australian goodwill was the continued downturn in the mining industry. During 2014, the price of iron ore declined over 40%. The extended downturn led to changes in assumptions regarding future cash flows which culminated in the goodwill impairment. The key factors leading to the impairment of the Voltyre-Prom goodwill were the changes in the political and economic factors which occurred in Russia during 2014. The changes, including devaluation of the Russian ruble and increases in interest rates, accelerated in the fourth quarter of 2014 which led to changes in assumptions regarding future cash flows which resulted in goodwill impairment. The key factors leading to the impairment of the Latin American goodwill were a softening of the agricultural tire market and the Brazilian economy as a whole. The slowdown, which began in the third quarter, accelerated in the fourth quarter. As a result of the slowdown, there was competitive pricing pressure impacting both sales and profits. These changes led to changes in assumptions regarding future cash flows which resulted in goodwill impairment.

Loss from Operations

Loss from operations for the year ended December 31, 2015, was $24.3 million, or (1.8)% of net sales, compared to loss of $97.6 million, or (5.1)% of net sales, in 2014. This decrease was the net result of the items previously discussed.

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the year 2015 was $34.0 million, compared to $36.6 million in 2014. The Company’s interest expense for 2015 decreased from the previous year primarily from decreased debt balances at Titan Europe.

Other Income

Other income was $11.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, as compared to other income of $13.7 million in 2014. The major items included in 2015 were: (i) interest income of $2.7 million; (ii) gain on sale of assets of $2.4 million; (iii) discount amortization on prepaid royalty of $2.0 million; and (iv) Wheels India Limited equity income of $1.8 million.

The major items included in 2014 were: (i) gain on sale of assets of $3.4 million; (ii) interest income of $3.0 million; (iii)discount amortization on prepaid royalty of $2.7 million; and (iv) Wheels India Limited equity income of $2.1 million.

Foreign Exchange Loss

Foreign currency loss was $4.8 million and $31.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Foreign currency losses in 2015 and 2014 primarily reflect the translation of intercompany loans at certain foreign subsidiaries denominated in currencies other than their functional currencies. Since such loans are expected to be settled in cash at some point in the future, these loans are adjusted each reporting period to reflect the current exchange rates. During 2014, the translation of these intercompany loan balances was significant due to the relative strength of the U.S. dollar in relation to the functional currencies of the loans. Although the U.S. dollar remained strong throughout 2015, foreign currency losses were minimized through offsetting gains relating to derivative financial instruments on such intercompany loans as well as other actions taken to reduce exposures.

The Company's investment in Wheels India Limited decreased from 41.7% to 34.2% during the first quarter of 2014 due to an equity offering by Wheels India Limited.

Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes

The Company recorded tax expense for income taxes of $38.3 million in 2015, as compared to income tax benefit of $21.8 million in 2014. The Company's effective tax rate was (74%) in 2015 and 14% in 2014. The Company's 2015 income tax expense and rate differ from the amount of income tax determined by applying the U.S. Federal income tax rate to pre-tax income primarily as a result of a foreign exchange loss upon the outbound transfer of Brazil assets for U.S. tax purposes (check the box election) offset by an increase in the valuation allowance against deferred tax assets. The Company's 2014 income tax expense and rate differ from the amount of income tax determined by applying the U.S. Federal income tax rate to pre-tax income primarily as a result of non-deductible goodwill and the recording of a valuation allowance. Other items contributing to the rate difference are state income tax expense, debt forgiveness, foreign earnings, and non-deductible expenses.

Net Loss

Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2015, was $90.3 million, compared to net loss of $130.4 million in 2014. Basic earnings per share was $(1.74) for the year ended December 31, 2015, as compared to $(2.43) in 2014. Diluted earnings per share was $(1.74) for the year ended December 31, 2015, as compared to $(2.43) in 2014. The Company's net income and earnings per share were higher due to the items previously discussed.

SEGMENT INFORMATION

Agricultural Segment Results

Agricultural segment results were as follows (amounts in thousands):



	2015		2014		% Decrease
Net sales	$	723,715	$	1,016,882	(29	)%
Gross profit	97,341		134,688		(28	)%
Income from operations	61,786		63,838		(3	)%

Net sales in the agricultural market were $723.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, as compared to $1,016.9 million in 2014, a decrease of 29%. Agriculture sales experienced reductions in volume of 17% and price/mix of 4% as a consequence of decreased demand for high horsepower agricultural equipment. Unfavorable currency translation decreased sales by 8%.

Gross profit in the agricultural market was $97.3 million for the year 2015, as compared to $134.7 million in 2014. Income from operations in the agricultural market was $61.8 million for the year 2015, as compared to $63.8 million in 2014. In response to lower demand from customers, the Company extended production shut-downs reducing manufacturing output which negatively impacted production leverage and gross profit. Despite the large overall sales erosion resulting from the agricultural cyclical downturn, the Business Improvement Framework instituted in 2014 has helped to soften the margin impact. Initiatives born from the framework helped to drive headcount reductions, expenditure rationalization, increased productivity, lower raw material costs, lower warranty costs, and pricing optimization.

Earthmoving/Construction Segment Results

Earthmoving/construction segment results were as follows (amounts in thousands):



	2015			2014			% Decrease
Net sales	$	505,927		$	610,596		(17	)%
Gross profit (loss)	33,526			(7,609		)	n/a
Loss from operations	(13,707		)	(80,600		)	(83	)%

The Company's earthmoving/construction market net sales were $505.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, as compared to $610.6 million in 2014, a decrease of 17%. Segment sales experienced unfavorable currency translation resulting in a decrease of 11%. The major volume drops that were seen in 2014 have leveled out with only a 1% sales volume decrease for 2015. Price/mix reductions of 5% make up the remainder of the total sales decrease.

Gross profit in the earthmoving/construction market was $33.5 million for the year 2015, as compared to gross loss of $7.6 million in 2014. The Company's earthmoving/construction market loss from operations was $13.7 million for the year 2015, as compared to loss from operations of $80.6 million in 2014. In the second quarter of 2014, the Company recorded an asset impairment of $23.2 million on machinery, equipment and molds used to produce giant mining tires. In addition, the Company recorded inventory write-downs of $16.7 million to adjust the value of mining product inventory to estimated market value. When adjusted to remove these items, the gross profit in 2014 would have been $32.3 million and loss from operations for 2014 would have been $40.7 million.

Consumer Segment Results

Consumer segment results were as follows (amounts in thousands):



	2015			2014			% Decrease
Net sales	$	165,129		$	268,049		(38	)%
Gross profit	11,084			16,250			(32	)%
Loss from operations	(5,458		)	(8,766		)	(38	)%

Consumer market net sales were $165.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, as compared to $268.0 million in 2014, a decrease of 38%. Unfavorable currency translation accounted for $47.0 million of this decline. The Company's exit from several low-margin supply agreements contributed an additional $25.9 million. The economic stress in Brazil had a negative impact on sales volume of $17.1 million. Lower prices from competitive pressures and lower raw material costs accounted for the remaining declines.

Gross profit from the consumer market was $11.1 million in 2015, or 6.7% of net sales, as compared to $16.3 million, or 6.1% of net sales in 2014. Consumer market loss from operations was $5.5 million for the year 2015, as compared to $8.8 million in 2014. Although sales were lower in 2015 versus 2014, the Company was successful in reducing costs related to the production of consumer segment products.

Segment Summary

(Amounts in thousands)



2015	Agricultural		Earthmoving/ Construction			Consumer			Corporate Expenses			Consolidated Totals
Net sales	$	723,715	$	505,927		$	165,129		$	—		$	1,394,771
Gross profit (loss)	97,341		33,526			11,084			(4,142		)	137,809
Income (loss) from operations	61,786		(13,707		)	(5,458		)	(66,900		)	(24,279		)
2014
Net sales	$	1,016,882	610,596			$	268,049		$	—		$	1,895,527
Gross profit (loss)	134,688		(7,609		)	16,250			(2,686		)	140,643
Income (loss) from operations	63,838		(80,600		)	(8,766		)	(72,097		)	(97,625		)

Corporate Expenses

Income from operations on a segment basis does not include corporate expenses totaling $66.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, as compared to $72.1 million in 2014. Corporate expenses were composed of selling and marketing expenses of approximately $28 million and $33 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, and 2014, respectively; and administrative expenses of approximately $36 million and $39 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, and 2014, respectively.

FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2014, COMPARED TO FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2013

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Highlights for the year ended December 31, 2014, compared to 2013 (amounts in thousands):



	2014			2013			% Decrease
Net sales	$	1,895,527		$	2,163,595		(12	)%
Cost of sales	1,714,952			1,868,405			(8	)%
Mining asset impairment and inventory write-down	39,932			—			n/a
Gross profit	140,643			295,190			(52	)%
Gross profit percentage	7.4		%	13.6		%

Net Sales

Net sales for the year ended December 31, 2014, were $1,895.5 million, compared to $2,163.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2013, a decrease of 12%. Sales decreased 10% as the result of price/mix reductions driven by decreased demand for high horsepower agricultural equipment and decreased demand in the earthmoving/construction segment, primarily for products used in the mining industry. These decreases were partially offset by increased demand for products used in the construction industry. In addition, competitive pressures resulting in price erosion negatively impacted sales. Overall volume decreased 4%, and unfavorable currency translation decreased sales by 2%. The decrease in net sales was partially offset by the inclusion of the recently acquired Voltyre-Prom business, which increased sales 4%.

Cost of Sales, Mining Asset Impairment, Mining Inventory Write-down and Gross Profit

Cost of sales was $1,715.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, as compared to $1,868.4 million in 2013. Gross profit for the year 2014 was $140.6 million, or 7.4% of net sales, compared to $295.2 million, or 13.6% of net sales, for 2013. Decreased demand for high horsepower agricultural equipment and products used in the mining industry negatively impacted gross profit. Generally, there are higher margins associated with these product categories. The lower market demand also drove competitive pressures resulting in price erosion that further deteriorated both sales and gross margins. Lost leverage and reduced productivity in the plants are also consequences of lower sales. In the second quarter of 2014, the Company recorded an asset impairment of $23.2 million on machinery, equipment and molds used to produce giant mining tires. In addition, the Company recorded inventory write-downs of $16.7 million in 2014 to adjust the value of mining product inventory to estimated market value.

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expenses were $173.6 million, or 9.2% of net sales, for the year ended December 31, 2014, as compared to $167.4 million, or 7.7% of net sales, for 2013. The higher SG&A expenses were primarily the result of approximately $5 million of costs relating to the closing of a facility in Crespellano, Italy, and approximately $3 million of SG&A expenses at recently acquired facilities, offset by a decrease in incentive compensation and a reduction of bad debt expense. The increase in SG&A as a percentage of sales was primarily the result of decreased sales levels.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development (R&D) expenses were $14.0 million, or 0.7% of net sales, for the year ended December 31, 2014, as compared to $11.2 million, or 0.5% of net sales, for 2013. Increased R&D is primarily attributable to the investment in LSW as a cornerstone of the Company's strategy.

Royalty Expense

The Company has a trademark license agreement with The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company to manufacture and sell certain tires in North America and Latin America under the Goodyear name. The North American and Latin American farm tire royalties were prepaid through March 2018 as a part of the 2011 Goodyear Latin American farm tire acquisition. In May 2012, the Company and Goodyear entered into an agreement under which Titan will sell certain non-farm tire products directly to third party customers and pay a royalty to Goodyear. Royalty expenses were $14.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, as compared to $14.3 million in 2013.

Non-cash Goodwill Impairment Charge

In the fourth quarter of 2014, the Company recorded a non-cash charge for the impairment of goodwill of $36.6 million on both a pre-tax and after-tax basis. The charge included $11.4 million of earthmoving/construction goodwill related to the acquisition of Titan Australia; $9.6 million of agricultural goodwill related to the acquisition of the Latin America farm tire business; and $15.6 million of goodwill related to the acquisition of Voltyre-Prom. The Voltyre-Prom goodwill included $11.0 million in the agricultural segment, $2.6 million in the earthmoving/construction segment, and $2.0 million in the consumer segment.

Income (Loss) from Operations

Loss from operations for the year ended December 31, 2014, was $97.6 million, or (5.1)% of net sales, compared to income of $102.4 million, or 4.7% of net sales, in 2013. This decrease was the net result of the items previously discussed.

Interest Expense

Interest expense for the year 2014 was $36.6 million compared to $47.1 million in 2013. The Company’s interest expense for 2014 decreased from the previous year primarily as a result of the repurchase of the 7.875% senior secured notes due October 2017 (senior secured notes due 2017) in the fourth quarter of 2013, and decreased debt balances at Titan Europe.

Convertible Debt Conversion Charge

In the first quarter of 2013, the Company closed an Exchange Agreement with a note holder of the 5.625% convertible senior subordinated notes due January 2017 (convertible notes). The two parties privately negotiated an agreement to exchange approximately $52.7 million in aggregate principal amount of the convertible notes for approximately 4.9 million shares of the Company's common stock plus a cash payment totaling $14.2 million. In connection with this exchange, the Company recognized a charge of $7.3 million in accordance with accounting standards for debt conversion.

Loss on Senior Note Repurchase

In the fourth quarter of 2013, Titan satisfied and discharged the indenture relating to the senior secured notes due 2017 by completing a tender offer settlement and redemption of all of its outstanding $525 million principal amount of the notes, including $325 million issued in 2013. In connection with this tender offer and redemption, the Company recorded expenses of $22.7 million. These expenses were related to early tender premium of $25.0 million, redemption premium of $8.1 million, unamortized deferred financing fees of $7.3 million, and other fees of $0.2 million, offset by unamortized premium on the notes of $17.9 million.

Gain on Earthquake Insurance Recovery

Titan Europe's wheel manufacturing facility in Finale Emilia, Italy, experienced damage from an earthquake in May of 2012, prior to Titan's acquisition of Titan Europe. The plant was closed for production during initial remedial work. This resulted in a limited transfer of production to other facilities within Titan Europe as well as sourcing product from facilities in the U.S. owned by Titan and competitors. In the second quarter of 2013, Titan received a final insurance settlement payment of $38.7 million, which offset the earthquake insurance receivable and resulted in a gain of $22.5 million.

Other Income (Expense) / Foreign Currency Translation

Other expense was $18.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, as compared to other income of $7.0 million in 2013. The major items included in 2014 were: (i) currency exchange loss of $31.7 million; (ii) gain on sale of assets of $3.4 million; (iii) interest income of $3.0 million; (iv) discount amortization on prepaid royalty of $2.7 million; (v) Wheels India Limited equity income of $2.1 million; and (vi) investment gain related to contractual obligation of $1.1 million.

The major items included in 2013 were: (i) currency exchange loss of $4.9 million; (ii) discount amortization on prepaid royalty of $3.3 million; (iii) interest income of $3.4 million; (iv) Wheels India Limited equity income of $1.4 million; and (v) investment gain related to contractual obligation of $1.3 million.

Foreign currency gain (losses) in 2014 and 2013, primarily reflect the translation of intercompany loans at certain foreign subsidiaries denominated in currencies other than their functional currencies. Since such loans are expected to be settled in cash at some point in the future, these loans are adjusted each reporting period to reflect the current exchange rates. During 2014, the translation of these intercompany loan balances was significant due to the relative strength of the U.S. dollar in relation to the functional currencies of the loans.

The Company's investment in Wheels India Limited decreased from 41.7% to 34.2% during the first quarter of 2014 due to an equity offering by Wheels India Limited.

Provision (Benefit) for Income Taxes

The Company recorded benefit for income taxes of $21.8 million in 2014, as compared to income tax expense of $25.0 million in 2013. The Company's effective tax rate was 14% in 2014 and 46% in 2013. The Company's 2014 income tax expense and rate differ from the amount of income tax determined by applying the U.S. Federal income tax rate to pre-tax income primarily as a result of non-deductible goodwill impairment recorded in 2014 and the increase in the valuation allowance against deferred tax assets. The Company's 2013 income tax expense and rate differ from the amount of income tax determined by applying the U.S. Federal income tax rate to pre-tax income primarily as a result of a change in Italian law making the insurance proceeds from the earthquake non-taxable. In addition, as a result of the reassessment of the realizability of the deferred tax assets due to the Italian law change, a valuation allowance was established on the Italy net deferred tax assets. Other items contributing to the rate difference are state income tax expense, unrecognized tax benefits, foreign earnings, domestic production activities deduction, and tax deductible expenses related to the convertible notes repurchase.

Net Income (Loss)

Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2014, was $130.4 million, compared to net income of $29.7 million in 2013. Basic earnings per share was $(2.43) for the year ended December 31, 2014, as compared to $0.66 in 2013. Diluted earnings per share was $(2.43) for the year ended December 31, 2014 as compared to $0.64 in 2013. The Company's net income and earnings per share were lower due to the items previously discussed.

SEGMENT INFORMATION

Agricultural Segment Results

Agricultural segment results were as follows (amounts in thousands):



	2014		2013		% Decrease
Net sales	$	1,016,882	$	1,182,187	(14	)%
Gross profit	134,688		198,910		(32	)%
Income from operations	63,838		151,841		(58	)%

Net sales in the agricultural market were $1,016.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, as compared to $1,182.2 million in 2013, a decrease of 14%. The inclusion of the recently acquired Voltyre-Prom business increased sales 5%.

Overall sales experienced reductions in volume of 12% and price/mix of 6% as a consequence of decreased demand for high horsepower agricultural equipment. Unfavorable currency translation decreased sales by 1%.

Gross profit in the agricultural market was $134.7 million for the year 2014, as compared to $198.9 million in 2013. Income from operations in the agricultural market was $63.8 million for the year 2014, as compared to $151.8 million in 2013. Decreased demand for high horsepower agricultural equipment, which generally has a higher margin, negatively impacted gross profit. The lower market demand also drove competitive pressures resulting in price erosion that further deteriorated both sales and gross margins. In addition, the Company's gross profit, as a percentage of net sales, and income from operations decreased as a result of the addition of the recently acquired Voltyre-Prom business at lower margins. The income from operations was also decreased by a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $20.6 million.

Earthmoving/Construction Segment Results

Earthmoving/construction segment results were as follows (amounts in thousands):



	2014			2013		% Decrease
Net sales	$	610,596		$	749,115	(18	)%
Gross profit (loss)	(7,609		)	83,358		n/a
Income (loss) from operations	(80,600		)	22,008		n/a

The Company's earthmoving/construction market net sales were $610.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, as compared to $749.1 million in 2013, a decrease of 18%. Segment sales experienced price/mix reductions of 20% as a consequence of reduced demand for Titan products used in the mining industry, including giant OTR tires. This decrease was partially offset by increased demand for products used in the construction industry. The inclusion of the recently acquired Voltyre-Prom business increased sales 2%. Overall unit volume was consistent with prior year, considering the growth in smaller construction units was offset by the decline in the higher priced mining units.

Gross loss in the earthmoving/construction market was $7.6 million for the year 2014, as compared to profit of $83.4 million in 2013. The Company's earthmoving/construction market loss from operations was $80.6 million for the year 2014, as compared to income from operations of $22.0 million in 2013. Gross profit and income from operations decreased primarily as a result of a significant decrease in demand for Titan products used in the mining industry. Generally, there are higher margins associated with the larger, more complex mining products. The lower market demand also drove competitive pressures resulting in price erosion that further deteriorated both sales and gross margin. Lost leverage and reduced productivity in the plants are also consequences of lower sales. In the second quarter of 2014, the Company recorded an asset impairment of $23.2 million on machinery, equipment and molds used to produce giant mining tires. In addition, the Company recorded inventory write-downs of $16.7 million to adjust the value of mining product inventory to estimated market value. The income from operations was also decreased by a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $14.0 million.

Consumer Segment Results

Consumer segment results were as follows (amounts in thousands):



	2014			2013		% Increase
Net sales	$	268,049		$	232,293	15	%
Gross profit	16,250			15,542		5	%
Income (loss) from operations	(8,766		)	1,630		n/a

Consumer market net sales were $268.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, as compared to $232.3 million in 2013, an increase of 15%.

Gross profit from the consumer market was $16.3 million in 2014, as compared to $15.5 million in 2013. Consumer market loss from operations was $8.8 million for the year 2014, as compared to income from operations of $1.6 million in 2013. The Company's gross profit as a percentage of net sales and income from operations decreased as a result of competitive pricing on bias truck tires in Latin America. In addition, the Company's gross profit as a percentage of net sales and income from operations decreased as a result of the addition of the recently acquired Voltyre-Prom business at lower margins. The income from operations was also decreased by a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $2.0 million.

Segment Summary

(Amounts in thousands)



2014	Agricultural		Earthmoving/ Construction			Consumer			Corporate Expenses			Consolidated Totals
Net sales	$	1,016,882	$	610,596		$	268,049		$	—		$	1,895,527
Gross profit (loss)	134,688		(7,609		)	16,250			(2,686		)	140,643
Income (loss) from operations	63,838		(80,600		)	(8,766		)	(72,097		)	(97,625		)
2013
Net sales	$	1,182,187	749,115			$	232,293		$	—		$	2,163,595
Gross profit (loss)	198,910		83,358			15,542			(2,620		)	295,190
Income (loss) from operations	151,841		22,008			1,630			(73,084		)	102,395

Corporate Expenses

Income from operations on a segment basis does not include corporate expenses totaling $72.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, as compared to $73.1 million in 2013. Corporate expenses were composed of selling and marketing expenses of approximately $33 million and $32 million for the years ended December 31, 2014, and 2013, respectively; and administrative expenses of approximately $39 million and $41 million for the years ended December 31, 2014, and 2013, respectively.

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

Cash Flows

As of December 31, 2015, the Company had $200.2 million of cash.



(amounts in thousands)	Year ended December 31,
	2015		2014		Change
Cash	$	200,188	$	201,451	$	(1,263	)

The cash balance decreased by $1.3 million from December 31, 2014, due to the following items.

Operating Cash Flows

Summary of cash flows from operating activities:



(Amounts in thousands)	Year ended December 31,
	2015			2014			Change
Net loss	$	(90,287	)	$	(130,425	)	$	40,138
Depreciation and amortization	69,618			88,704			(19,086		)
Mining asset impairment	—			23,242			(23,242		)
Mining inventory write-down	—			16,690			(16,690		)
Deferred income tax provision	27,969			(24,800		)	52,769
Non-cash goodwill impairment charge	—			36,571			(36,571		)
Accounts receivable	497			54,686			(54,189		)
Inventories	31,333			20,933			10,400
Prepaid and other current assets	9,946			30,324			(20,378		)
Accounts payable	1,402			(26,135		)	27,537
Other current liabilities	(172		)	(2,089		)	1,917
Other liabilities	3,428			15,764			(12,336		)
Other operating activities	10,196			14,355			(4,159		)
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	63,930		$	117,820		$	(53,890	)

For the year ended December 31, 2015, operating activities provided cash of $63.9 million, which was $53.9 million less than the prior year. Included in net loss of $90.3 million were non-cash charges for depreciation and amortization of $69.6 million. The changes in operational working capital increased cash flows by $43.0 million in 2015 compared to an increase of $77.7 million in 2014. The 2015 working capital increase was primarily due to a decrease in inventories of $31.3 million. For additional details, see the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows on page F-8.

For the year ended December 31, 2014, operating activities provided cash of $117.8 million, which was $0.9 million more than the prior year. Included in the net loss of $130.4 million were non-cash charges for depreciation and amortization of $88.7 million, non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $36.6 million, mining asset impairment charge of $23.2 million, and mining inventory write-down of $16.7 million. The changes in operational working capital increased cash flows by $80.1 million in 2014 compared to a decrease of $34.8 million in 2013. The 2014 working capital increase was primarily due to a decrease in accounts receivable of $54.7 million.

The Company's inventory and accounts receivable balances were lower at December 31, 2015, as compared to December 31, 2014. Days sales in inventory increased to 77 days at December 31, 2015, compared to 68 days at December 31, 2014. Days sales outstanding increased to 52 days at December 31, 2015, from 47 days at December 31, 2014.

Investing Cash Flows

Summary of cash flows from investing activities:



(Amounts in thousands)	Year ended December 31,
	2015			2014			Change
Acquisitions	$	—		$	(13,395	)	$	13,395
Decrease in restricted cash deposits	—			14,268			(14,268		)
Capital expenditures	(48,429		)	(58,439		)	10,010
Other investing activities	(1,508		)	1,296			(2,804		)
Cash used for investing activities	$	(49,937	)	$	(56,270	)	$	6,333

Net cash used for investing activities was $49.9 million in 2015, as compared to $56.3 million in 2014. The Company invested a total of $48.4 million in capital expenditures in 2015, compared to $58.4 million in 2014. Capital expenditures represent various equipment purchases and improvements to enhance production capabilities of Titan’s existing business and maintain existing equipment.

Financing Cash Flows

Summary of cash flows from financing activities:



(Amounts in thousands)	Year ended December 31,
	2015			2014			Change
Proceeds from borrowings	$	5,727		$	15,708		$	(9,981	)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	145			141			4
Payment of financing fees	—			(33		)	33
Payment on debt	(5,521		)	(60,345		)	54,824
Excess tax benefit from stock options exercised	—			(672		)	672
Dividends paid	(1,077		)	(1,073		)	(4		)
Cash used for financing activities	$	(726	)	$	(46,274	)	$	45,548

Net cash used for financing activities was $0.7 million in 2015. This cash was primarily used for payment of quarterly dividends of $1.1 million. Payments of debt and debt borrowing for 2015 had little net impact on cash from financing activities.

Net cash used by financing activities was $46.3 million in 2014. This cash was primarily used for payment of debt of $60.3 million partially offset by proceeds from borrowings of $15.7 million.

Financing cash flows decreased by $45.5 million when comparing 2015 to 2014. The changes from year to year are primarily the result of activity related to debt borrowings and payments.

Debt Restrictions

The Company’s senior secured notes and revolving credit facility (credit facility) contains various restrictions, including:

•Limits on dividends and repurchases of the Company’s stock.


•	Restrictions on the ability of the Company to make additional borrowings, or to consolidate, merge or otherwise fundamentally change the ownership of the Company.

•Limitations on investments, dispositions of assets and guarantees of indebtedness.

•Other customary affirmative and negative covenants.

These restrictions could limit the Company’s ability to respond to market conditions, to provide for unanticipated capital investments, to raise additional debt or equity capital, to pay dividends or to take advantage of business opportunities, including future acquisitions.

Other Issues

The Company’s business is subject to seasonal variations in sales that affect inventory levels and accounts receivable balances. Historically, Titan tends to have higher production levels in the first and second quarters.

LIQUIDITY OUTLOOK

At December 31, 2015, the Company had $200.2 million of cash and cash equivalents and no outstanding borrowings on the Company's $150 million revolving credit facility. Titan’s availability under this domestic facility may be less than $150 million as a result of eligible accounts receivable and inventory balances at certain of its domestic subsidiaries. At December 31, 2015, the amount available was $67.7 million as a result of the Company’s decrease in sales which impacted both accounts receivable and inventory balances at year end. The cash and cash equivalents balance of $200.2 million includes $57.8 million held in foreign countries. The Company's current plans do not demonstrate a need to repatriate the foreign amounts to fund U.S. operations. However, if foreign funds were needed for U.S. operations, the Company would be required to accrue taxes to repatriate the funds. Currently the Company would anticipate utilizing net operating loss carry forwards to reduce any U.S. cash tax liability associated with such repatriation. Titan expects to contribute approximately $5 million to its defined benefit pension plans during 2016.

Capital expenditures for 2016 are forecasted to be approximately $30-35 million. Cash payments for interest are currently forecasted to be approximately $34 million in 2016 based on the Company's year-end 2015 debt balances.

In the future, Titan may seek to grow by making acquisitions which will depend on the ability to identify suitable acquisition candidates, to negotiate acceptable terms for their acquisition and to finance those acquisitions.

Subject to the terms of indebtedness, the Company may finance future acquisitions with cash on hand, cash from operations, additional indebtedness, issuing additional equity securities and divestitures.

Cash on hand, anticipated internal cash flows from operations and utilization of remaining available borrowings are expected to provide sufficient liquidity for working capital needs, debt maturities, capital expenditures and potential acquisitions. Potential divestitures are also a means to provide for future liquidity needs.

INFLATION

The Company is subject to the effect of price fluctuations. While the cost outlook for commodities used in the Company’s production is not certain, management believes it can manage these inflationary pressures by introducing appropriate sales price adjustments and through contract provisions with OEMs. However, these price adjustments may lag the inflationary pressures.

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

The Company’s contractual obligations at December 31, 2015, consisted of the following (amounts in thousands):



	Payments due by period
Contractual Obligations	Total		Less than 1 year		1-3 years		3-5 years		More than 5 years
6.875% senior secured notes due 2020	$	400,000	$	—	$	—	$	400,000	$	—
5.625% convertible senior subordinated notes due 2017	60,161		—		60,161		—		—
Other debt	51,465		31,222		19,258		985		—
Interest expense (a)	137,107		33,728		55,254		48,125		—
Operating leases	13,202		5,681		5,146		2,010		365
Capital leases	1,875		1,200		604		71		—
Purchase obligations	20,140		14,406		4,119		1,615		—
Other long-term liabilities (b)	37,200		4,600		16,800		15,800		—
Total	$	721,150	$	90,837	$	161,342	$	468,606	$	365


(a)	Interest expense is estimated based on the Company’s year-end 2015 debt balances, maturities and interest rates. The estimates assume no credit facility borrowings. The Company’s actual debt balances and interest rates may fluctuate in the future. Therefore, actual interest payments may vary from those payments detailed in the above table.

(b)

Other long-term liabilities represent the Company’s estimated funding requirements for defined benefit pension plans. The Company’s liability for pensions is based on a number of assumptions, including discount rates, rates of return on investments, mortality rates and other factors. Certain of these assumptions are determined with the assistance of outside actuaries. Assumptions are based on past experience and anticipated future trends and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties and may lead to significantly different pension liability funding requirements.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET ARRANGEMENTS

The Company has no material off-balance sheet arrangements.

MARKET RISK SENSITIVE INSTRUMENTS

Exchange Rate Sensitivity

The Company is exposed to fluctuations in the Australian dollar, Brazilian real, British pound, euro, Russian ruble and other world currencies. The Company uses financial derivatives to mitigate its exposure to volatility in foreign currency exchange rates. The Company’s net investment in foreign entities translated into U.S. dollars was $291.4 million at December 31, 2015, and $382.5 million at December 31, 2014. The hypothetical potential loss in value of the Company’s net investment in foreign entities resulting from a 10% adverse change in foreign currency exchange rates at December 31, 2015, would amount to approximately $29.1 million.

Commodity Price Sensitivity

The Company does not generally enter into long-term commodity contracts and does not use derivative commodity instruments to hedge its exposures to commodity market price fluctuations. Therefore, the Company is exposed to price fluctuations of its key commodities, which consist primarily of steel, natural rubber, synthetic rubber and carbon black. The Company attempts to pass on certain material price increases and decreases to its customers, depending on market conditions.

Interest Rate Sensitivity

The Company has a $150 million credit facility that has a variable interest rate. As of December 31, 2015, the amount available was $67.7 million based on current accounts receivable and inventory values at certain domestic facilities. If the credit facility were fully drawn to available funds, a change in the interest rate of 100 basis points, or 1%, would change the Company’s interest expense by approximately $0.7 million. At December 31, 2015, there were no borrowings under the credit facility.

MARKET CONDITIONS

In 2015 Titan experienced lower sales when compared to 2014. The lower sales levels were primarily the result of decreased demand for high horsepower equipment used in the agricultural market, which remains in a cyclical downturn, and unfavorable currency translation. In addition, competitive pressures and lower raw material prices, passed to customers in some instances, negatively impacted sales.

Energy, raw material and petroleum-based product costs have been volatile and may negatively impact the Company’s margins. Many of Titan’s overhead expenses are fixed; therefore, lower seasonal trends may cause negative fluctuations in quarterly profit margins and affect the financial condition of the Company.

AGRICULTURAL MARKET OUTLOOK

Agricultural market sales were lower in 2015 when compared to 2014 due to decreased demand for high horsepower equipment used in the agricultural market. Farm net income was lower in 2015 due to lower grain prices. Farm net income is generally expected to decline moderately in 2016 based upon lower forecasted cash receipts offset somewhat by lower production costs (fuel, oil, chemical, feed, etc.). Lower income levels are putting pressure on the demand for large farm equipment. More specifically, large equipment sales deteriorated significantly in 2015 after a robust cycle in recent years. The mix shift to lower horsepower tractors has a negative impact on revenue and margin performance. This trend is expected to continue during 2016. Most major OEMs are forecasting 2016 equipment sales to be below 2015 within most regions. North American used equipment levels remain relatively high with some decreases recently from peak levels. Excess used equipment inventory and values can also negatively impact the new equipment market. Many variables, including weather, grain prices, export markets, currency and government policies and subsidies can greatly influence the overall health of the agricultural economy.

EARTHMOVING/CONSTRUCTION MARKET OUTLOOK

Earthmoving/construction market sales were lower in 2015 when compared to 2014 due to unfavorable currency translation and weak market conditions. Demand for larger products used in the mining industry is expected to remain depressed in 2016, with demand for our products in this market expected to remain similar to 2015. Demand for small and medium sized earthmoving/construction equipment used in the housing and commercial construction sectors is expected to be flat or down slightly. The earthmoving/construction segment is affected by many variables, including commodity prices, road construction, infrastructure, government appropriations, housing starts and other macroeconomic drivers.

CONSUMER MARKET OUTLOOK

Consumer market sales were lower in 2015, when compared to 2014. Sales in the consumer market decreased primarily as the result of unfavorable currency translation, the Company's exit of several supply agreements, and price/mix from competitive pressures. The consumer market is expected to remain highly competitive in 2016. The consumer segment is affected by many variables including consumer spending, interest rates, government policies and other macroeconomic drivers.

PENSIONS

The Company has three frozen defined benefit pension plans covering certain employees or former employees of three U.S. subsidiaries. The Company also has pension plans covering certain employees of several foreign subsidiaries. These plans are described in Note 26 of the Company’s Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

The Company’s recorded liability for pensions is based on a number of assumptions, including discount rates, rates of return on investments, mortality rates and other factors. Certain of these assumptions are determined by the Company with the assistance of outside actuaries. Assumptions are based on past experience and anticipated future trends. These assumptions are reviewed on a regular basis and revised when appropriate. Revisions in assumptions and actual results that differ from the assumptions affect future expenses, cash funding requirements and the carrying value of the related obligations. During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company contributed cash funds of $3.6 million to the pension plans. Titan expects to contribute approximately $5 million to these pension plans during 2016.

Titan’s projected benefit obligation at December 31, 2015, was $115.6 million, as compared to $126.8 million at December 31, 2014. The Company’s defined benefit pension plans were underfunded by $37.2 million at December 31, 2015. During 2015, the Company recorded net periodic pension expense of $2.2 million. Accumulated other comprehensive loss recorded for defined benefit pension plans, net of tax, was $26.7 million and $26.1 million at December 31, 2015, and 2014, respectively. Other comprehensive income (loss) is recorded as a direct charge to stockholders’ equity and does not affect net income. Titan will be required to record net periodic pension cost in the future; these costs may fluctuate based upon revised assumptions and could negatively affect the Company’s financial position, cash flows and results of operations.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)." This update supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605, Revenue Recognition. The core principle of this guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This guidance also requires disclosure about the nature, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The amendments in this update were deferred by ASU No. 2015-14, "Revenue form Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) Deferral of Effective Date", and are now effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. The Company will adopt the guidance in the year beginning on January 1, 2018, and is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting guidance will have on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2015-03, "Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs." This update amends existing guidance to require that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. The amendments in this update are effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting guidance will have on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In July 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-11, "Simplifying the Measurement of Inventory." This update provides that an entity should measure inventory within the scope of the update at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Net realizable value is the estimated selling prices in the ordinary course of business, less reasonably predictable costs of completion, disposal, and transportation. The amendments in this update are effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting guidance will have on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In August 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-15, "Presentation and Subsequent Measurement of Debt Issuance Costs Associated with Line-of-Credit Arrangements." This update clarifies the presentation and subsequent measurement of debt issuance cost associated with lines of credit. These costs may be presented as an asset and amortized ratably over the term of the line of credit arrangement, regardless of whether there are outstanding borrowings on the arrangement. The effective date of the guidance will be for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The adoption of this guidance will not have a material effect on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In November 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-17, "Balance Sheet Classification of Deferred Taxes." This update amends the guidance requiring companies to separate deferred income tax liabilities and assets into current and non-current amounts in a classified statement of financial position. The update simplifies the presentation of deferred income taxes, requiring that deferred tax liabilities and assets be classified as non-current in a classified statement of financial position. The guidance is effective for financial statements issued for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2016, and interim periods within those annual periods. The Company has elected to adopt this guidance prospectively as of December 31, 2015. As a result, the Company has classified all deferred tax liabilities and assets as non-current in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2015.

In January 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-01, "Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities." This update addresses certain aspects of recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure of financial instruments. This guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting guidance will have on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

ITEM 7A – QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK

Reference is made to Item 7, Part II of this report.

ITEM 8 – FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA

Reference is made to Item 15, Part IV of this report, “Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.”


ITEM 9	– CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

Not applicable.

ITEM 9A – CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Titan management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined under Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) as of the period covered by this Form 10-K and concluded that, because of a material weakness in Titan's internal control over financial reporting of the Company’s entity level controls described below, disclosure controls and procedures were not effective as of the period covered by this Form 10-K. Notwithstanding the material weakness described below, the Company's management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has concluded that the consolidated financial statements included in the Annual Report and in this Form 10-K are fairly stated, in all material respects, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States for each of the periods presented herein.

Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Titan management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. The Company's internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. Internal control over financial reporting includes those policies, procedures and activities that:


•	pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of assets of the Company;


•	provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and


•	provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the Company's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

Titan management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, assessed the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015. In making this assessment, management used the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO) in the "1992 Internal Control-Integrated Framework". A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. Based on this evaluation, including consideration of the control deficiencies discussed below, management has concluded that internal control over financial reporting was not effective as of December 31, 2015, due to the fact that there was a material weakness in internal control over financial reporting. Specifically, through assessment and evaluation, as discussed above, management identified the following points amplified the potential for deficiency: (i) rapid global growth, (ii) increased complexity in accounting and reporting infrastructure and (iii) economic and market downturn. The material weakness was previously identified and reported in the Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014, and is further defined below.

Titan has experienced significant business changes over the past three years, including rapid global growth from a U.S. based company to a large, multinational organization, operating in more than 16 countries, resulting in unique and discrete complex accounting matters. This growth has introduced a significant increase in the complexity of Titan’s accounting and reporting infrastructure for collecting and analyzing financial information. Additionally, Titan has been experiencing an economic and market downturn, adding to the complexity of assessing goodwill and fixed asset impairments, valuation of inventory and other complex accounting transactions from a global perspective. Titan’s current accounting and reporting infrastructure does not possess the proper resources, processes and systems to effectively address the complex accounting transactions, resulting from its recent international growth and economic/market decline.

During the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company embarked on a remediation plan. The design and enhancements to the control structure is in process and the material weakness is not remediated at year end. In addition, the Company restated its financial statements for errors in accounting for the shareholders' agreement related to redeemable noncontrolling interest in the Company's investment in Voltyre Prom.

The effectiveness of Titan's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015. has been audited by Grant Thornton LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report within this Form 10-K.

Remediation Plan

Management has been actively engaged in developing remediation plans to address the above control deficiencies. The remediation efforts expected to be implemented include the following:


•	People - enhance Titan's current accounting and reporting infrastructure by augmenting the team with professionals who possess the commensurate accounting skillsets.


•	Processes - strengthen Titan's current control environment and overall business processes to ensure risk mitigation and materially accurate financial statement reporting, including increased levels of management review and updated financial policies.


•	Systems - augment Titan's current system infrastructure to ensure accurate, timely data is reported.

Management has developed a detailed plan and time table for implementing the foregoing remediation efforts and will monitor the implementation closely. Additionally, under the direction of the Chief Financial Officer, management will continue reviewing and making the necessary changes to the overall design and operation of the Company's internal control environment, as well as to policies and procedures to improve the overall effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting.

Management believes the aforementioned efforts will effectively remediate the material weakness. As the Company continues evaluating and improving internal control over financial reporting, Titan may determine additional measures are necessary to address control deficiencies and will modify the remediation plan described above, as required.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Other than the remediation steps described above, there were no material changes in internal control over financial reporting (as defined by Rules 13a-15(f) and 15(f)) that occurred during the fourth quarter ended December 31, 2015, that have materially affected, or are likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.

ITEM 9B – OTHER INFORMATION

Not applicable.

PART III

ITEM 10 – DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE

Directors

The information required by this item regarding the Company’s directors is incorporated by reference to the Company’s 2016 Proxy Statement under the captions “Election of Directors,” “Directors Continuing in Office,” “Committees and Meetings of the Board of Directors” and “Corporate Governance.”

Executive Officers

The names, ages and positions of all executive officers of the Company are listed below, followed by a brief account of their business experience during the past five years. Officers are normally appointed annually by the Board of Directors at a meeting immediately following the Annual Meeting of Stockholders. There is no arrangement or understanding between any officer and any other person pursuant to which an officer was selected.

Maurice M. Taylor Jr., 71, has been Chief Executive Officer and a Director of the Company since 1990, when Titan was acquired in a management-led buyout by investors, including Mr. Taylor. Mr. Taylor served as President of the Company from 1990 to 2005 and was appointed Chairman in 2005.

Paul G. Reitz, 43, joined the Company in July 2010 as Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Reitz was appointed President in February 2014. Before joining Titan, Mr. Reitz was chief accounting officer at Carmike Cinemas, Inc.

Michael G. Troyanovich, 58, joined the Company in August 2011 as Assistant General Counsel. Mr. Troyanovich was appointed Secretary in December 2012, and General Counsel in June 2013. Prior to joining Titan, Mr. Troyanovich was President of Kistner Troyanovich and Brady, P.C. from September 2001 until August 2011.

John R. Hrudicka, 52, joined the Company in February 2014 as Chief Financial Officer. Prior to joining Titan, Mr. Hrudicka had been at Elkay Manufacturing since 2006, joining as Vice President of Finance and becoming Chief Financial Officer in 2010.

Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance

The information required by this item regarding beneficial ownership reporting compliance is incorporated by reference to the Company’s 2016 Proxy Statement under the caption “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance.”

Business Conduct Policy

The Company adopted a business conduct policy, which is applicable to directors, officers and employees. The Company has also adopted corporate governance guidelines. The business conduct policy and corporate governance guidelines are available under the investor information category of the Company’s website, www.titan-intl.com. The Company intends to satisfy disclosure requirements regarding amendments to or waivers from its business conduct policy by posting such information on its website. A printed copy of the business conduct policy and corporate governance guidelines are available, without charge, by writing to: Titan International, Inc., c/o Corporate Secretary, 2701 Spruce Street, Quincy, IL 62301.

ITEM 11 – EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the Company’s 2016 Proxy Statement under the caption “Compensation of Executive Officers.”

ITEM 12– SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS

Except for the information concerning equity compensation plans, the information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the Company’s 2016 Proxy Statement under the caption “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management.”

The following table provides information about shares of Titan common stock that may be issued under Titan’s equity compensation plans, as of December 31, 2015:



	(i) Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights		(ii) Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights	(iii) Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans (excluding securities reflected in column (i))
Equity compensation plans approved by security holders	795,782	(a)	19.13	1,523,634
Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders	—		n/a	—
Total	795,782		19.13	1,523,634


(a)	Amount includes outstanding stock options under the Company’s 2005 Equity Incentive Plan.

For additional information regarding the Company’s stock compensation plans, please see Note 27 of the Company’s Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

ITEM 13 – CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the Company’s 2016 Proxy Statement under the caption “Related Party Transactions” and “Corporate Governance” and also appears in Note 31 of the Company’s Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

ITEM 14 – PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the Company’s 2016 Proxy Statement under the caption “Audit and Other Fees.”

PART IV

ITEM 15 – EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES



(a) 1.	Financial Statements

	Management’s Responsibility for Financial Statements	F- 1

	Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm	F- 2

	Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013	F- 4

	Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013	F- 5

	Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2015 and 2014	F- 6

	Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity for the years ended December 31, 2013, 2014 and 2015	F- 7

	Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013	F- 8

	Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements	F- 9

2.	Financial Statement Schedule

	Schedule II – Valuation and Qualifying Accounts	S- 1

3.	Exhibits

The accompanying Exhibit Index is incorporated herein by reference.

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this Report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.



	TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.
	(Registrant)



Date:	February 24, 2016	By:	/s/ MAURICE M. TAYLOR JR.
			Maurice M. Taylor Jr.
			Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this Report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated on February 24, 2016.



Signatures	Capacity

/s/ MAURICE M. TAYLOR JR.	Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
Maurice M. Taylor Jr.	(Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ JOHN HRUDICKA	Chief Financial Officer
John Hrudicka	(Principal Financial Officer)

/s/ CHRIS BOHNERT	Chief Accounting Officer
Chris Bohnert	(Principal Accounting Officer)

/s/ RICHARD M. CASHIN JR.	Director
Richard M. Cashin Jr.

/s/ GARY L. COWGER	Director
Gary L. Cowger

/s/ ALBERT J. FEBBO	Director
Albert J. Febbo

/s/ PETER MCNITT	Director
Peter McNitt

/s/ ANTHONY L. SOAVE	Director
Anthony L. Soave

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

Exhibit Index

Annual Report on Form 10-K



Exhibit No.	DESCRIPTION
3.1 (a)	Titan International, Inc. Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation
3.2 (a)	Bylaws of the Company
4.1 (b)	Indenture between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association dated December 21, 2009
4.2 (c)	Indenture between the Company and U.S. Bank National Association dated October 7, 2013
10.1 (a)	First Supplemental Indenture dated as of June 26, 2015 to the Indenture dated as of December 21, 2009 between Titan International, Inc., U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee, and the Subsidiary Guarantors party thereto, relating to the 5.625% Convertible Senior Subordinated Notes due 2017
10.2 (d)	2005 Equity Incentive Plan as Amended
10.3 (e)	Maurice M. Taylor, Jr. Employment Agreement
10.4 (f)	Maurice M. Taylor, Jr. Employment Agreement Amendment
10.5 (g)	Maurice M. Taylor, Jr. Employment Agreement Amendment
10.6 (h)	Paul G. Reitz Employment Agreement
10.7 (h)	John Hrudicka Employment Agreement
10.8 (h)	Michael G. Troyanovich Employment Agreement
10.9 (i)	Trademark License Agreement with The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company **
10.10 (j)	Second Amended and Restated Credit Agreement among the Company and Bank of America, N.A. dated as of December 21, 2012
21*	Subsidiaries of the Registrant
31.1*	Certification of Principal Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
31.2*	Certification of Principal Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
32*	Certification pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

* Filed herewith

** Confidential treatment has been requested with respect to certain portions of this exhibit. Omitted portions have been filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission.


(a)	Incorporated by reference to the same numbered exhibit contained in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 29, 2015 (No. 1-12936).


(b)	Incorporated by reference to the same numbered exhibit contained in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on December 21, 2009 (No. 1-12936).


(c)	Incorporated by reference to the same numbered exhibit contained in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 7, 2013. (No. 1-12936).


(d)	Incorporated by reference to Appendix A of the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement filed on March 28, 2011.


(e)	Incorporated by reference to the same numbered exhibit contained in the Company’s Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2006 (No. 1-12936).


(f)	Incorporated by reference to the same numbered exhibit contained in the Company's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 (No 1-12936).


(g)	Incorporated by reference to the same numbered exhibit contained in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 15, 2012 (No 1-12936).


(h)	Incorporated by reference to the same numbered exhibit contained in the Company's Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 15, 2012 (No 1-12936).


(i)	Incorporated by reference to the same numbered exhibit contained in the Company's Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended March 31, 2015 (No 1-12936).


(j)	Incorporated by reference to the same numbered exhibit contained in the Company's Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2013 (No. 1-12936).

Management’s Responsibility for Financial Statements

Management is responsible for the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements included in this annual report on Form 10-K. Management believes that the consolidated financial statements fairly reflect the Company’s financial transactions and the financial statements reasonably present the Company’s financial position and results of operations in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

The Board of Directors of the Company has an Audit Committee comprised entirely of outside directors who are independent of management. The Committee meets periodically with management, the internal auditors and the independent registered public accounting firm to review accounting control, auditing and financial reporting matters. The Audit Committee is responsible for the appointment of the independent registered public accounting firm and approval of their fees.

The independent registered public accounting firm audits the Company’s consolidated financial statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). The consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2015, have been audited by Grant Thornton LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which is included herein.

F- 1

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Board of Directors and

Shareholders of Titan International, Inc.

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Titan International, Inc. (an Illinois corporation) and its subsidiaries (together, the Company) as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the related consolidated statements of operations, comprehensive income (loss), changes in equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2015. Our audits of the basic consolidated financial statements included the financial statement schedule listed in the index appearing under Item 15(a)(2). These financial statements and financial statement schedule are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and financial statement schedule based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Titan International, Inc. and subsidiaries as of December 31, 2015 and 2014, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2015, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.

As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company adopted new accounting guidance in 2015, related to the presentation of deferred income taxes.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on criteria established in the 1992 Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO), and our report dated February 24, 2016, expressed an adverse opinion thereon.

/s/ Grant Thornton LLP

Chicago, Illinois

February 24, 2016

F- 2

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

Board of Directors and

Shareholders of Titan International, Inc.

We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of Titan International, Inc. (an Illinois corporation) and its subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2015, based on criteria established in the 1992 Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting (Management’s Report). Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

A material weakness is a deficiency, or combination of control deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the company’s annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis. The following material weakness has been identified and included in management’s assessment.

During the year ended December 31, 2014, Titan’s management determined that entity level controls were not designed appropriately and may not always operate at the appropriate level of precision to prevent or detect material misstatements of the Company’s annual financial statements on a timely basis. Specifically, the Company’s accounting and reporting infrastructure was not able to effectively address complex accounting transactions. The material weakness previously reported has not been remediated as of December 31, 2015. In addition, the Company restated its financial statements for errors in accounting for the shareholders’ agreement and related redeemable non-controlling interest in the Company’s investment in Voltyre-Prom, which provides more evidence that the previously reported material weakness exists as of December 31, 2015.

In our opinion, because of the effect of the material weakness described above on the achievement of the objectives of the control criteria, the Company has not maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2015, based on criteria established in the 1992 Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by COSO.

We do not express an opinion or any other form of assurance on management’s statement referring to their remediation plan and the related benefits of implementing new controls.

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended December 31, 2015. The material weakness identified above was considered in determining the nature, timing, and extent of audit tests applied in our audit of the 2015 consolidated financial statements, and this report does not affect our report dated February 24, 2016, which expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.

/s/ Grant Thornton LLP

Chicago, Illinois

February 24, 2016

F- 3

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(All amounts in thousands, except per share data)



	Year ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013
Net sales	$	1,394,771		$	1,895,527		$	2,163,595
Cost of sales	1,256,962			1,714,952			1,868,405
Mining asset impairment and inventory write-down	—			39,932			—
Gross profit	137,809			140,643			295,190
Selling, general and administrative expenses	140,393			173,614			167,371
Research and development expenses	11,162			14,005			11,165
Royalty expense	10,533			14,078			14,259
Non-cash goodwill impairment charge	—			36,571			—
Income (loss) from operations	(24,279		)	(97,625		)	102,395
Interest expense	(34,032		)	(36,564		)	(47,120		)
Convertible debt conversion charge	—			—			(7,273		)
Loss on senior note repurchase	—			—			(22,734		)
Gain on earthquake insurance recovery	—			—			22,451
Foreign exchange loss	(4,758		)	(31,713		)	(4,920		)
Other income	11,063			13,658			11,935
Income (loss) before income taxes	(52,006		)	(152,244		)	54,734
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	38,281			(21,819		)	25,047
Net income (loss)	(90,287		)	(130,425		)	29,687
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	(14,654		)	(49,964		)	(5,518		)
Net income (loss) attributable to Titan	(75,633		)	(80,461		)	35,205
Redemption value adjustment	(17,668		)	(49,277		)	—
Net income (loss) applicable to common shareholders	$	(93,301	)	$	(129,738	)	$	35,205

Earnings per common share:
Basic	$	(1.74	)	$	(2.43	)	$	.66
Diluted	$	(1.74	)	$	(2.43	)	$	.64
Average common shares and equivalents outstanding:
Basic	53,696			53,497			53,039
Diluted	53,696			53,497			59,522

Dividends declared per common share:	$	.02		$	.02		$	.02

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F- 4

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

(All amounts in thousands)



	Year ended December 31,
	2015			2014			2013
Net income (loss)	$	(90,287	)	(130,425		)	$	29,687
Unrealized loss on investments	—			—			(3		)
Currency translation adjustment	(79,196		)	(63,424		)	(24,287		)
Pension liability adjustments, net of tax of $(439), $3,035, and $(8,700), respectively	(662		)	(5,129		)	14,749
Comprehensive income (loss)	(170,145		)	(198,978		)	20,146
Net comprehensive loss attributable to redeemable and noncontrolling interests	(19,391		)	(68,856		)	(9,734		)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Titan	$	(150,754	)	$	(130,122	)	$	29,880

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F- 5

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(All amounts in thousands, except share data)



	December 31,
	2015			2014
Assets
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	200,188		$	201,451
Accounts receivable (net of allowance of $4,527 and $5,706, respectively)	177,389			199,378
Inventories	269,791			331,432
Deferred income taxes	—			23,435
Prepaid and other current assets	62,633			80,234
Total current assets	710,001			835,930
Property, plant and equipment, net	450,020			527,414
Deferred income taxes	5,967			15,623
Other assets	109,203			116,757
Total assets	$	1,275,191		$	1,495,724

Liabilities
Current liabilities
Short-term debt	$	31,222		$	26,233
Accounts payable	123,154			146,305
Other current liabilities	115,721			129,018
Total current liabilities	270,097			301,556
Long-term debt	480,404			496,503
Deferred income taxes	14,509			18,582
Other long-term liabilities	88,324			89,025
Total liabilities	853,334			905,666
Commitments and contingencies: Notes 13, 28 and 29

Redeemable noncontrolling interest	77,174			71,192

Equity
Titan stockholders' equity
Common stock ($0.00001 par, 120,000,000 shares authorized, 55,253,092 issued)	—			—
Additional paid-in capital	497,008			513,090
Retained earnings	49,297			126,007
Treasury stock (at cost, 1,339,583 and 1,504,064 shares, respectively)	(12,420		)	(13,897		)
Treasury stock reserved for deferred compensation	(1,075		)	(1,075		)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss	(187,751		)	(112,630		)
Total Titan stockholders’ equity	345,059			511,495
Noncontrolling interests	(376		)	7,371
Total equity	344,683			518,866
Total liabilities and equity	$	1,275,191		$	1,495,724

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F- 6

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

(All amounts in thousands, except share data)



	Number of common shares	Common Stock	Additional paid-in capital			Retained earnings			Treasury stock			Treasury stock reserved for contractual obligations			Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)			Total Titan Equity			Non-controlling interest			Total Equity
Balance January 1, 2013	48,562,204	—	507,199			173,407			(16,445		)	(1,075		)	(56,469		)	606,617			25,745			632,362
Net income *						35,205												35,205			(1,571		)	33,634
CTA, net of tax *															(20,071		)	(20,071		)	(3,184		)	(23,255		)
Pension liability adjustments, net of tax															14,749			14,749						14,749
Unrealized gain on investment, net of tax															(3		)	(3		)				(3		)
Dividends on common stock						(1,071		)										(1,071		)				(1,071		)
Note conversion	4,903,044		45,903															45,903						45,903
Exercise of stock options	60,417		459						542									1,001						1,001
Acquisitions	—		—															—			168			168
Stock-based compensation			4,815															4,815						4,815
Tax benefit related to stock-based compensation			(68		)													(68		)				(68		)
Issuance of treasury stock under 401(k) plan	35,207		329						317									646						646
Balance December 31, 2013	53,560,872	—	558,637			207,541			(15,586		)	(1,075		)	(61,794		)	687,723			21,158			708,881
Net income *						(80,461		)										(80,461		)	(12,320		)	(92,781		)
CTA, net of tax *															(44,554		)	(44,554		)	(1,467		)	(46,021		)
Pension liability adjustments, net of tax															(5,129		)	(5,129		)				(5,129		)
Dividends on common stock						(1,073		)										(1,073		)				(1,073		)
Restricted stock awards vesting	139,250		(1,250		)				1,250									—						—
Exercise of stock options	8,971		60						81									141						141
Acquisition of additional interest			(49		)										(1,153		)	(1,202		)				(1,202		)
Redemption value adjustment			(49,277		)													(49,277		)				(49,277		)
Stock-based compensation			5,360															5,360						5,360
Tax benefit related to stock-based compensation			(672		)													(672		)				(672		)
Issuance of treasury stock under 401(k) plan	39,935		281						358									639						639
Balance December 31, 2014	53,749,028	—	513,090			126,007			(13,897		)	(1,075		)	(112,630		)	511,495			7,371			518,866
Net loss *						(75,633		)										(75,633		)	(7,640		)	(83,273		)
CTA, net of tax *															(74,459		)	(74,459		)	(65		)	(74,524		)
Pension liability adjustments, net of tax															(662		)	(662		)				(662		)
Dividends on common stock						(1,077		)										(1,077		)				(1,077		)
Restricted stock awards	86,500		(777		)				777									—						—
Exercise of stock options	12,500		33						112									145						145
Dissolution of subsidiary																		—			(42		)	(42		)
Redemption value adjustment			(17,668		)													(17,668		)	—			(17,668		)
Stock-based compensation			2,335															2,335						2,335
Issuance of treasury stock under 401(k) plan	65,481		(5		)				588									583						583
Balance December 31, 2015	53,913,509	—	$	497,008		$	49,297		$	(12,420	)	$	(1,075	)	$	(187,751	)	$	345,059		$	(376	)	$	344,683

* Net income (loss) excludes a loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest of $3,947, $37,644, and $7,014 for 2013, 2014 and 2015, respectively. CTA excludes $(1,032), $(17,403), and $(4,672) for 2013, 2014, and 2015, respectively.

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F- 7

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(All amounts in thousands)



	Year ended December 31,
Cash flows from operating activities:	2015			2014			2013
Net income (loss)	$	(90,287	)	$	(130,425	)	$	29,687
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization	69,618			88,704			80,622
Amortization of debt premium	—			—			(2,369		)
Mining asset impairment	—			23,242			—
Mining inventory write-down	—			16,690			—
Deferred income tax provision	27,969			(24,800		)	(4,004		)
Convertible debt conversion charge	—			—			7,273
Loss on note repurchase	—			—			22,734
Gain on earthquake insurance recovery	—			—			(22,451		)
Non-cash goodwill impairment charge	—			36,571			—
Stock-based compensation	2,335			5,360			4,815
Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation	—			672			68
Insurance proceeds	—			—			35,808
Issuance of treasury stock under 401(k) plan	583			639			646
Foreign currency translation (gain)/loss	12,058			8,829			198
(Increase) decrease in assets:
Accounts receivable	497			54,686			26,417
Inventories	31,333			20,933			(30,280		)
Prepaid and other current assets	9,946			30,324			(39,825		)
Other assets	(4,780		)	(1,145		)	1,960
Increase (decrease) in liabilities:
Accounts payable	1,402			(26,135		)	9,479
Other current liabilities	(172		)	(2,089		)	(556		)
Other liabilities	3,428			15,764			(3,348		)
Net cash provided by operating activities	63,930			117,820			116,874
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures	(48,429		)	(58,439		)	(80,131		)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	—			(13,395		)	(95,681		)
Additional equity investment in Wheels India	—			—			(8,017		)
Insurance proceeds	—			—			2,879
(Increase) decrease in restricted cash deposits	—			14,268			(14,473		)
Other	(1,508		)	1,296			2,119
Net cash used for investing activities	(49,937		)	(56,270		)	(193,304		)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from borrowings	5,727			15,708			788,704
Repurchase of senior notes	—			—			(558,360		)
Payment on debt	(5,521		)	(60,345		)	(200,721		)
Convertible note conversion	—			—			(14,090		)
Capital contribution from noncontrolling interest	—			—			79,592
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	145			141			1,001
Excess tax benefit from stock-based compensation	—			(672		)	(68		)
Payment of financing fees	—			(33		)	(12,332		)
Dividends paid	(1,077		)	(1,073		)	(1,046		)
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities	(726		)	(46,274		)	82,680
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash	(14,530		)	(3,185		)	(6,004		)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents	(1,263		)	12,091			246
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year	201,451			189,360			189,114
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year	$	200,188		$	201,451		$	189,360

Supplemental information:
Interest paid	$	34,072		$	34,014		$	41,875
Income taxes paid, net of refunds received	$	(195	)	$	(25,588	)	$	59,360
Non-cash investing and financing information:
Issuance of common stock for convertible debt payment	$	—		$	—		$	45,903

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

F- 8

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS


1.	DESCRIPTION OF BUSINESS AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Business

Titan International, Inc. and its subsidiaries (Titan or the Company) are leading manufacturers of wheels, tires and undercarriage systems and components for off-highway vehicles used in the agricultural, earthmoving/construction and consumer segments. Titan manufactures both wheels and tires for the majority of these market applications, allowing the Company to provide the value-added service of delivering complete wheel and tire assemblies. The Company offers a broad range of products that are manufactured in relatively short production runs to meet the specifications of original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and/or the requirements of aftermarket customers.

Principles of consolidation

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all majority-owned subsidiaries and variable interest entities in which Titan is the primary beneficiary. Investments in companies in which Titan does not own a majority interest and Titan has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies are accounted for using the equity method. Investments in other companies are carried at cost. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated. The Company consolidates the Voltyre-Prom subsidiary for which it acts as operating partner.

Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company carries its accounts receivable at their face amounts less an allowance for doubtful accounts. An allowance for uncollectible receivables is recorded based upon known bad debt risks and past loss history. Actual collection experience may differ from the current estimate of net receivables.

Inventories

Inventories are valued at the lower of cost or market. The majority of the Company's inventories were valued under the first in, first out (FIFO) method or average cost method. Approximately 8% of the Company's December 31, 2015, inventories were valued under the last in, first out (LIFO) method. The majority of the steel inventory in North America is accounted for under the LIFO method. Market value is estimated based on current selling prices. Estimated provisions are established for slow-moving and obsolete inventory.

Deferred financing costs

Deferred financing costs are costs incurred in connection with the Company’s revolving credit facility, 6.875% senior secured notes due 2020 (senior secured notes due 2020) and 5.625% convertible senior subordinated notes due 2017 (convertible notes). The deferred financing costs associated with each of the debt facilities are being amortized over the life of the debt. Amortization of deferred financing costs for the debt facilities approximates the effective interest rate method.

Fixed assets

Property, plant and equipment have been recorded at cost. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives of the related assets:



	Years
Building and improvements	25 - 40
Machinery and equipment	7 - 20
Tools, dies and molds	2 - 9

Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. When property, plant and equipment are retired or otherwise disposed of, the related cost and accumulated depreciation are eliminated, and any gain or loss on disposition is included in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Interest is capitalized on fixed asset projects which are constructed over a period of time. The amount of interest capitalized is determined by applying a weighted average interest rate to the average amount of accumulated expenditures for the asset during the period. The interest rate used is based on the rates applicable to borrowings outstanding during the period.

F- 9

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Fair value of financial instruments

The Company records all financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, notes receivable, accounts payable, other accruals and notes payable at cost, which approximates fair value due to their short term or stated rates. Investments in marketable equity securities are recorded at fair value. The senior secured notes due 2020 and convertible notes due 2017 are carried at cost of $400.0 million and $60.2 million at December 31, 2015, respectively. The fair value of the senior secured notes due 2020 at December 31, 2015, as obtained through an independent pricing source, was approximately $296.0 million.

Impairment of fixed assets

The Company reviews fixed assets to assess recoverability from future operations whenever events and circumstances indicate that the carrying values may not be recoverable. Impairment losses are recognized in operating results when expected undiscounted future cash flows are less than the carrying value of the asset. Impairment losses are measured as the excess of the carrying value of the asset over the discounted expected future cash flows or the estimated fair value of the asset.

Investments

The Company had an equity method investment of $42.6 million in Wheels India Limited as of December 31, 2015, representing a 34.2% ownership. This equity method investment is included in Other Assets in the consolidated balance sheets. The value of this investment based on the December 31, 2015 market price was $69.2 million. The Company assesses the carrying value of its equity method investments whenever events and circumstances indicate that the carrying values may not be recoverable. Investment write-downs, if necessary, are recognized in operating results when expected undiscounted future cash flows are less than the carrying value of the asset. These write-downs, if any, are measured as the excess of the carrying value of the asset over the discounted expected future cash flows or the estimated fair value of the asset.

The Company uses the cost method to account for investments in entities that are not consolidated or accounted for under the equity method. Under the cost method, investments are reported at cost in Other Assets on the consolidated balance sheets. The fair values of cost method investments are not estimated if there are no identified events or changes in circumstances that may have a significant adverse effect on the fair values of the investments.

Foreign currency translation

The financial statements of the Company’s foreign subsidiaries are translated to United States currency in accordance with ASC 830 Foreign Currency Matters. Assets and liabilities are translated to United States dollars at period-end exchange rates. Income and expense items are translated at average rates of exchange prevailing during the period. Translation adjustments are included in “Accumulated other comprehensive loss” in stockholders’ equity. Gains and losses that result from foreign currency transactions are included in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Impairment of goodwill

The Company reviews goodwill to assess recoverability from future operations during the fourth quarter of each annual reporting period and whenever events and circumstances indicate that the carrying values may not be recoverable. In the fourth quarter of 2014, the Company recorded a non-cash charge for the impairment of goodwill of $36.6 million on both a pre-tax and after-tax basis. The charge included $11.4 million of earthmoving/construction goodwill related to the acquisition of Titan Australia; $9.6 million of agricultural goodwill related to the acquisition of the Latin America farm tire business; and $15.6 million of goodwill related to the acquisition of Voltyre-Prom. The Voltyre-Prom goodwill included $11.0 million in the agricultural segment, $2.6 million in the earthmoving/construction segment, and $2.0 million in the consumer segment. The Company had no remaining goodwill after the impairment. See Note 9 for additional information.

Revenue recognition

The Company records sales revenue when products are shipped to customers and both title and the risks and rewards of ownership are transferred. Provisions are established for sales returns and uncollectible accounts based on historical experience. Should trends change, adjustments would be necessary to the estimated provisions.

F- 10

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Cost of sales

Cost of sales is comprised primarily of direct materials and supplies consumed in the manufacturing of the Company’s products, as well as manufacturing labor, depreciation expense and overhead expense necessary to acquire and convert the purchased materials and supplies into a finished product. Cost of sales also includes all purchasing, receiving, inspection, internal transfers, and related distribution costs.

Selling, general and administrative expense

Selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expense is comprised primarily of sales commissions, marketing expense, selling and administrative wages, information system costs, legal fees, bank charges, professional fees, depreciation and amortization expense on non-manufacturing assets, and other administrative items.

Research and development expense

Research and development (R&D) expenses are expensed as incurred. R&D costs were $11.2 million, $14.0 million and $11.2 million for the years of 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Increased R&D is primarily attributable to the investment in LSW as a cornerstone of the Company's strategy.

Advertising

Advertising expenses are included in SG&A expense and are expensed as incurred. Advertising costs were approximately $3.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, and approximately $4.9 million and $2.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

Warranty costs

The Company provides limited warranties on workmanship on its products in all market segments. The provision for estimated warranty costs is made in the period when such costs become probable and is based on past warranty experience. See Note 11 for additional information.

Income taxes

Deferred income tax provisions are determined using the liability method to recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities. This method is based upon differences between the financial statement carrying amounts and the respective tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates that are expected to apply in the years the temporary differences are expected to be settled or realized. Valuation allowances are recorded where it is considered more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC 740 Income Taxes, tax benefits are recognized only for tax positions that are more likely than not to be sustained upon examination by tax authorities.

Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share (EPS) is computed by dividing consolidated net earnings applicable to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing adjusted consolidated net earnings applicable to common shareholders by the sum of the weighted average number of common shares outstanding and the weighted average number of potential common shares outstanding. Potential common shares consist of outstanding options under the Company’s stock compensation plans and the conversion of the Company’s convertible notes.

Cash and cash equivalents

The Company considers short-term debt securities with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents. The cash in the Company's U.S. banks is not fully insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. The Company had $57.8 million and $71.4 million of cash in foreign bank accounts at December 31, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The Company's cash in its foreign bank accounts is not insured.

Environmental liabilities

Environmental expenditures that relate to current operations are expensed or capitalized as appropriate. Expenditures that relate to an existing condition caused by past operations and that do not contribute to current or future revenue are expensed. Liabilities are recorded when environmental assessments and/or remedial efforts are probable and can be reasonably estimated.

Stock-based compensation

At December 31, 2015, the Company has one stock-based compensation plan, which is described in Note 27. Compensation expense for stock-based compensation is recognized over the requisite service period at the estimated fair value of the award at the grant date. The Company granted 60,000; 59,000; and 60,000 stock options in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The Company granted 123,500; 10,000; and 225,750 restricted stock awards in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

F- 11

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Use of estimates

The policies utilized by the Company in the preparation of the financial statements conform to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America and require management to make estimates, assumptions and judgments that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities, and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual amounts could differ from these estimates and assumptions.

Changes in Accounting Principle

The Company has elected to adopt for the 2015 balance sheet the classification of deferred taxes based on Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2015-17 which requires all deferred taxes be classified as non-current on the balance sheet. Titan decided to adopt this guidance prospectively as of December 31, 2015. As a result, all deferred tax liabilities and assets are classified as non-current in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2015. As a result of this change, the Company reclassified $15.7 million of current deferred tax assets to non-current deferred tax assets and $3.1 million of current deferred tax liabilities to non-current deferred tax liabilities.

Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued ASU No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers (Topic 606)." This update supersedes the revenue recognition requirements in Topic 605, Revenue Recognition. The core principle of this guidance is that an entity should recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the entity expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. This guidance also requires disclosure about the nature, timing, and uncertainty of revenue and cash flows arising from contracts with customers. The amendments in this update were deferred by ASU No. 2015-14, "Revenue form Contracts with Customers (Topic 606) Deferral of Effective Date", and are now effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim reporting periods within that reporting period. The Company will adopt the guidance in the year beginning on January 1, 2018, and is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting guidance will have on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

In April 2015, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ASU No. 2015-03, "Simplifying the Presentation of Debt Issuance Costs." This update amends existing guidance to require that debt issuance costs related to a recognized debt liability be presented in the balance sheet as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of that debt liability, consistent with debt discounts. The amendments in this update are effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2015, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company is currently assessing the impact that adopting this new accounting guidance will have on the Company's consolidated financial statements.

F- 12

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Reclassification

During the second quarter of 2015, the Company identified a subsidiary investment which was improperly classified as an intercompany liability. As a result of the correction of this item, the Company reclassified currency translation in other comprehensive income to currency exchange in other income. The year ended December 31, 2015, included $3.1 million in currency exchange related to this correction. Titan concluded that this amount is immaterial to the consolidated financial statements for the twelve months ended December 31, 2015.

2. MINING ASSET IMPAIRMENT AND INVENTORY WRITE-DOWN

In 2014, the Company recorded an asset impairment and inventory write-downs of $23.2 million and $16.7 million, respectively. The impairment was recorded on machinery, equipment and molds used to produce giant mining tires. Mining products are included in the Company's earthmoving/construction segment. In the second quarter of 2014, several large mining equipment manufacturers significantly decreased their sales forecast for mining equipment. The Company's sales of mining product were deteriorating at an accelerated pace. Therefore, the Company tested mining related assets for impairment in the second quarter of 2014. The fair value of the mining equipment was determined using a cost and market approach. The inventory write-downs were to adjust the value of mining product inventory to estimated market value.

3. ACQUISITIONS

Acquisition of Voltyre-Prom

On October 4, 2013, Titan, in partnership with One Equity Partners (OEP) and the Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF), closed the acquisition of an 85% interest in Voltyre-Prom, a leading producer of agricultural and industrial tires in Volgograd, Russia, for approximately $94.1 million, which includes the assumption of debt. Titan is acting as operating partner with responsibility for Voltyre-Prom's daily operations on behalf of the consortium of which Titan holds a 30% interest. This acquisition expanded Titan's footprint into the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) region. The fair value of the consideration transferred and noncontrolling interests exceeded the fair value of the identified assets acquired less liabilities assumed. Therefore, goodwill of $21.0 million was recorded on the transaction at the time of acquisition, which was not deductible for tax purposes. In the fourth quarter of 2014, the Company recorded a non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $15.6 million for Voltyre-Prom which removed all goodwill related to this acquisition. The difference from the amount originally recorded was due to foreign currency translation. See Note 9 for additional information. An initial noncontrolling interest of $14.5 million, representing the 15% not owned by the partnership, was recorded at the acquisition date. In the first half of 2014, the partnership of Titan, OEP, and RDIF purchased an additional 15% to bring the total Voltyre-Prom ownership to 100% for the partnership. See Note 15 and Note 35 for additional information.

F- 13

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The purchase price allocation of the Voltyre-Prom acquisition consisted of the following (amounts in thousands):



	Acquisition			Additional
	Date			Purchases		Total
Cash	$	80		$	—	$	80
Accounts receivable	5,596			—		5,596
Inventories	3,807			—		3,807
Deferred income taxes - current asset	253			—		253
Prepaid & other current assets	1,881			—		1,881
Goodwill	21,002			—		21,002
Property, plant & equipment	79,255			—		79,255
Other assets	17,615			—		17,615
Accounts payable	(715		)	—		(715		)
Other current liabilities	(4,152		)	—		(4,152		)
Deferred income taxes - noncurrent liability	(15,989		)	—		(15,989		)
Noncontrolling interests	(14,542		)	13,395		(1,147		)
Net assets acquired	$	94,091		$	13,395	$	107,486

4. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

Accounts receivable at December 31, 2015 and 2014, consisted of the following (amounts in thousands):



	2015			2014
Accounts receivable	$	181,916		$	205,084
Allowance for doubtful accounts	(4,527		)	(5,706		)
Accounts receivable, net	$	177,389		$	199,378

5. INVENTORIES

Inventories at December 31, 2015 and 2014, consisted of the following (amounts in thousands):



	2015			2014
Raw material	$	85,490		$	119,989
Work-in-process	31,866			41,073
Finished goods	158,997			179,998
	276,353			341,060
Adjustment to LIFO basis	(6,562		)	(9,628		)
	$	269,791		$	331,432

If the Company were to liquidate the December 31, 2015 balance of LIFO basis inventory, it would pay tax of $2.5 million. If the Company would have liquidated the December 31, 2014 balance of LIFO basis inventory, it would have paid tax of $3.7 million. See Note 2 for additional information on the mining inventory write-downs of $16.7 million recorded in 2014.

F- 14

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

6. PREPAID AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS

Prepaid and other current assets at December 31, 2015 and 2014, consisted of the following (amounts in thousands):



	2015		2014
Prepaid supplies	$	26,804	$	28,477
Prepaid royalty	5,863		5,940
Prepaid income taxes	5,469		19,474
Value added tax	5,099		6,294
Prepaid insurance	3,570		2,580
Duty receivable	3,166		3,717
Assets held for sale	2,522		—
Prepaid deposits	842		1,700
Derivative financial instruments	66		1,068
Other	9,232		10,984
	$	62,633	$	80,234

7. PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT

Property, plant and equipment at December 31, 2015 and 2014, consisted of the following (amounts in thousands):



	2015			2014
Land and improvements	$	35,605		$	60,012
Buildings and improvements	230,097			214,472
Machinery and equipment	575,216			585,318
Tools, dies and molds	90,798			103,353
Construction-in-process	36,498			48,170
	968,214			1,011,325
Less accumulated depreciation	(518,194		)	(483,911		)
	$	450,020		$	527,414

Depreciation, including depreciation on capital leases, related to property, plant and equipment for the years 2015, 2014 and 2013 totaled $64.5 million, $82.7 million, and $75.7 million, respectively.

Included in the total of building and improvements are capital leases of $3.7 million and $4.1 million at December 31, 2015, and December 31, 2014, respectively. Included in the total of machinery and equipment are capital leases of $33.0 million and $37.7 million at December 31, 2015, and December 31, 2014, respectively. See Note 2 for additional information on the mining asset impairment of $23.2 million recorded in the second quarter of 2014.

F- 15

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

8. OTHER ASSETS

Other assets at December 31, 2015 and 2014, consisted of the following (amounts in thousands):



	2015		2014
Investment in Wheels India Limited	$	42,555	$	43,540
Amortizable intangibles	17,798		23,689
Investments for contractual obligations	9,480		9,840
Prepaid royalty	9,062		14,966
Note receivable	6,000		5,000
Deferred financing costs	5,515		7,082
Other	18,793		12,640
	$	109,203	$	116,757

The investments for contractual obligations are being treated as trading securities.

9. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for the two years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, were as follows (amounts in thousands):



	Agricultural Segment			Earthmoving/ Construction Segment			Consumer Segment			Total
Balance at January 1, 2014	$	24,540		$	14,898		$	2,637		$	42,075
Noncash goodwill impairment charge	(20,599		)	(13,971		)	(2,001		)	(36,571		)
Foreign currency translation	(3,941		)	(927		)	(636		)	(5,504		)
Balance at December 31, 2014	—			—			—			—
Foreign currency translation										—
Balance at December 31, 2015	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—

In the fourth quarter of 2014, the recoverability of all goodwill was evaluated by estimating future discounted cash flows. The Company recorded a non-cash charge for the impairment of goodwill in the amount of $36.6 million on both a pre-tax and after-tax basis. The charge included $11.4 million of earthmoving/construction goodwill related to the acquisition of Titan Australia; $9.6 million of agricultural goodwill related to the acquisition of the Latin America farm tire business; and $15.6 million of goodwill related to the acquisition of Voltyre-Prom. The Voltyre-Prom goodwill included $11.0 million in the agricultural segment, $2.6 million in the earthmoving/construction segment, and $2.0 million in the consumer segment.

The key factor leading to the impairment of the Australia goodwill was the continued downturn in the mining industry. During 2014, the price of iron ore declined over 40%. The extended downturn led to changes in assumptions regarding future cash flows which culminated in the goodwill impairment.

The key factors leading to the impairment of the Voltyre-Prom goodwill were the changes in the political and economic factors which occurred in Russia during 2014. The changes, including devaluation of the Russian ruble and increases in interest rates, accelerated in the fourth quarter of 2014 which led to changes in assumptions regarding future cash flows which resulted in goodwill impairment. The key factors leading to the impairment of the Latin American goodwill were a softening of the agricultural tire market and the Brazilian economy as a whole. The slowdown, which began in the third quarter, accelerated in the fourth quarter. As a result of the slowdown there was competitive pricing pressure impacting both sales and profits. These changes led to changes in assumptions regarding future cash flows which resulted in goodwill impairment.

As a result of the Australian and Voltyre-Prom goodwill impairment and the contributing factors, the Company tested the Australian and Voltyre-Prom intangibles for impairment during the fourth quarter of 2014. The Australian intangibles totaled $12.8 million at December 31, 2014, and consist primarily of customer relationships. The Voltyre-Prom intangibles totaled $8.0 million at December 31, 2014, and consist of trademarks. No impairment was indicated.

F- 16

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

As a result of the continued downturn in the mining industry through 2015, the Company retested the Australian intangibles for impairment during the fourth quarter of 2015. The Australian intangibles totaled $10.1 million at December 31, 2015, and consist primarily of customer relationships. No impairment was indicated.

The components of intangible assets for the two years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014, were as follows (amounts in thousands):



	Weighted- Average Useful Lives (in Years)	2015		2014
Amortizable intangible assets:
Customer relationships	11.7	13,413		14,958
Patents, trademarks and other	8.9	13,237		15,907
Total at cost		26,650		30,865
Less accumulated amortization		(8,852	)	(7,176	)
		17,798		23,689

Amortization related to intangible assets for the years 2015, 2014 and 2013 totaled $3.0 million, $4.4 million, and $3.0 million, respectively. The decrease in cost from 2014 is primarily related to foreign currency translation of $3.2 million.

The estimated aggregate amortization expense at December 31, 2015, is as follows (amounts in thousands):



2016	$	2,143
2017	1,970
2018	1,970
2019	1,970
2020	1,970
Thereafter	7,775
	$	17,798

10. OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES

Other current liabilities at December 31, 2015 and 2014, consisted of the following (amounts in thousands):



	2015		2014
Warranty	$	23,121	$	28,144
Wages and commissions	21,668		27,388
Insurance	14,011		10,272
Accounts receivable credits	9,281		8,181
Accrued interest	8,677		8,933
CEO and management incentive compensation	6,388		6,388
Accrued other taxes	5,881		10,924
Liabilities held for sale	1,529		—
Deferred income tax	—		3,131
Other	25,165		25,657
	$	115,721	$	129,018

F- 17

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

11. WARRANTY COSTS

Changes in the warranty liability consisted of the following (amounts in thousands):



	2015			2014
Warranty liability, January 1	$	28,144		$	33,134
Provision for warranty liabilities	9,688			17,672
Warranty payments made	(14,711		)	(22,662		)
Warranty liability, December 31	$	23,121		$	28,144

The Company provides limited warranties on workmanship on its products in all market segments. The majority of the Company’s products have a limited warranty that ranges from zero to ten years, with certain products being prorated after the first year. The Company calculates a provision for warranty expense based on past warranty experience. Warranty accruals are included as a component of other current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.

12. OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES

Other long-term liabilities at December 31, 2015 and 2014, consisted of the following (amounts in thousands):



	2015		2014
Accrued pension liabilities	$	36,405	$	39,453
Income tax liabilities	17,985		17,807
Accrued employment liabilities	14,452		15,140
Italian government grant	13,952		11,928
Other	5,530		4,697
	$	88,324	$	89,025

13. REVOLVING CREDIT FACILITY AND LONG-TERM DEBT

Long-term debt at December 31, 2015 and 2014, consisted of the following (amounts in thousands):



	2015		2014
6.875% senior secured notes due 2020	$	400,000	$	400,000
5.625% convertible senior subordinated notes due 2017	60,161		60,161
Titan Europe credit facilities	38,059		42,291
Other debt	11,531		17,013
Capital leases	1,875		3,271
	511,626		522,736
Less amounts due within one year	31,222		26,233
	$	480,404	$	496,503

F- 18

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Aggregate maturities of long-term debt are as follows (amounts in thousands):



2016	$	31,222
2017	74,043
2018	5,376
2019	980
2020	400,005
	$	511,626

6.875% senior secured notes due 2020

The Company’s 6.875% senior secured notes (senior secured notes due 2020) are due October 2020. These notes are secured by the land and buildings of the following subsidiaries of the Company: Titan Tire Corporation, Titan Tire Corporation of Bryan, Titan Tire Corporation of Freeport and Titan Wheel Corporation of Illinois. The Company's senior secured notes due 2020 outstanding balance was $400.0 million at December 31, 2015.

5.625% convertible senior subordinated notes due 2017

The Company’s 5.625% convertible senior subordinated notes (convertible notes) are due January 2017. The initial base conversion rate for the convertible notes is 93.0016 shares of Titan common stock per $1,000 principal amount of convertible notes, equivalent to an initial base conversion price of approximately $10.75 per share of Titan common stock. If the price of Titan common stock at the time of determination exceeds the base conversion price, the base conversion rate will be increased by an additional number of shares (up to 9.3002 shares of Titan common stock per $1,000 principal amount of convertible notes) as determined pursuant to a formula described in the indenture. The base conversion rate will be subject to adjustment in certain events. The Company’s convertible notes balance was $60.2 million at December 31, 2015.

Titan Europe credit facilities

The Titan Europe credit facilities contain borrowings from various institutions totaling $38.1 million at December 31, 2015. Maturity dates on this debt range from less than one year to three years and interest rates range from 5% to 6.9%. The Titan Europe facilities are primarily secured by the assets of its subsidiaries in Italy, Spain, Germany and Brazil.

Revolving credit facility

The Company’s $150 million revolving credit facility (credit facility) with agent Bank of America, N.A. has a December 2017 termination date and is collateralized by the accounts receivable and inventory of certain of its domestic subsidiaries. Titan’s availability under this domestic facility may be less than $150 million as a result of eligible accounts receivable and inventory balances at certain of its domestic subsidiaries. At December 31, 2015, the Company had an outstanding letter of credit of $8.7 million under this credit facility. At December 31, 2015, the amount available was $67.7 million as a result of the outstanding letters of credit and the Company’s decrease in sales which impacted both accounts receivable and inventory balances at year end. During 2015 and at December 31, 2015, there were no borrowings under the credit facility.

Other Debt

Titan Brazil has working capital loans for the Sao Paulo, Brazil, manufacturing facility totaling $11.5 million at December 31, 2015. Maturity dates on this debt range from less than one year up to two years and interest rates range from 5.5% to 8%.

14. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS

The Company uses financial derivatives to mitigate its exposure to volatility in foreign currency exchange rates. These derivative financial instruments are recognized at fair value. The Company has not designated these financial instruments as hedging instruments. Any gain or loss on the re-measurement of the fair value is recorded as an offset to currency exchange gain/loss. For the year ended December 31, 2015, the Company recorded currency exchange gain of $4.4 million related to these derivatives.

F- 19

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

15. REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTEREST

The Company has a shareholders’ agreement with One Equity Partners (OEP) and the Russian Direct Investment Fund (RDIF) which was used for the acquisition of Voltyre-Prom, a leading producer of agricultural and industrial tires in Volgograd, Russia. The agreement contains a settlement put option which is exercisable beginning in July of 2018 and may require Titan to purchase the shares of OEP and RDIF at a value set by the agreement.

The redemption features of the settlement put option are not solely within the Company’s control and the noncontrolling interest is presented as redeemable noncontrolling interest separately from total equity in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at the redemption value of the settlement put option. If the redemption value is greater than carrying value of the noncontrolling interest, the increase is adjusted directly to retained earnings of the affected entity, or additional paid-in capital if there are no available retained earnings applicable to the redeemable noncontrolling interest.

The following is a reconciliation of redeemable noncontrolling interest as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 (amounts in thousands):



Balance at January 1, 2014	$	89,155
Purchase of subsidiary shares	(12,193		)
Loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest	(37,644		)
Currency translation	(17,403		)
Redemption value adjustment	49,277
Balance at December 31, 2014	$	71,192
Loss attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest	(7,014		)
Currency translation	(4,672		)
Redemption value adjustment	17,668
Balance at December 31, 2015	$	77,174

This obligation approximates the cost if all remaining shares were purchased by the Company on December 31, 2015, and is presented in the Consolidated Balance Sheet in redeemable noncontrolling interest, which is treated as mezzanine equity.

16. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consisted of the following (amounts in thousands):



	Currency Translation Adjustments			Unrealized Gain (Loss) on Investments		Unrecognized Losses and Prior Service Cost			Total
Balance at January 1, 2014	$	(40,864	)	$	—	$	(20,930	)	$	(61,794	)
Currency translation adjustments	(45,707		)	—		—			(45,707		)
Defined benefit pension plan entries:
Unrecognized prior service cost, net of tax of $(52)	—			—		85			85
Unrecognized net gain, net of tax of $3,087	—			—		(5,214		)	(5,214		)
Balance at December 31, 2014	(86,571		)	—		(26,059		)	(112,630		)
Currency translation adjustments	(74,459		)	—		—			(74,459		)
Defined benefit pension plan entries:
Unrecognized prior service cost, net of tax of $0	—			—		137			137
Unrecognized net loss, net of tax of $(439)	—			—		(799		)	(799		)
Balance at December 31, 2015	$	(161,030	)	$	—	$	(26,721	)	$	(187,751	)

F- 20

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

17. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

The Company repurchased no Titan common shares in 2015, 2014, or 2013. The Company has no plans at this time to repurchase any Titan common stock. The Company records treasury stock using the cost method. Titan paid cash dividends of $.02 per share of common stock for 2015, 2014, and 2013. Dividends declared totaled $1.1 million, $1.1 million and $1.1 million for 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

18. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

ASC 820 Fair Value Measurements establishes a three-tier fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes the inputs used in measuring fair value. These tiers are defined as:

Level 1 – Quoted prices in active markets for identical instruments.

Level 2 – Inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are either directly or indirectly observable.

Level 3 – Unobservable inputs in which little or no market data exists, therefore requiring an entity to develop its own assumptions.

Assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis consisted of the following (amounts in thousands):



	December 31, 2015										December 31, 2014
	Total			Level 1		Level 2			Level 3		Total			Level 1		Level 2			Level 3
Contractual obligation investments	$	9,480		$	9,480	$	—		$	—	$	9,840		$	9,840	$	—		$	—
Derivative financial instruments asset	66			—		66			—		1,068			—		1,068			—
Preferred stock	250			—		—			250		250			—		—			250
Derivative financial instruments liability	(8		)	—		(8		)	—		(43		)	—		(43		)	—
Total	$	9,788		$	9,480	$	58		$	250	$	11,115		$	9,840	$	1,025		$	250

The following table presents the changes during the periods presented in Titan's Level 3 investments that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis (amounts in thousands):



	Preferred stock
Balance at December 31, 2013	$	250
Total realized and unrealized gains and losses	—
Balance at December 31, 2014	250
Total realized and unrealized gains and losses	—
Balance as of December 31, 2015	$	250

F- 21

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Fair value, nonrecurring, Level 2 and 3 measurements from impairments consisted of the following (amounts in thousands):



	Fair Value
	Level 2		Level 3		Impairment Charges
	December 31, 2014				2014
Property, plant and equipment	$	40,346	$	—	$	23,242
Goodwill	—		—		36,571
Total	$	40,346	$	—	$	59,813

The fair value measurements and impairment charges shown above for property, plant and equipment pertain to assets used to produce giant mining tires for the mining industry. See Note 2 for additional information. See Note 9 for additional information for the goodwill impairment.

19. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

The Company holds a variable interest in three joint ventures for which the Company is the primary beneficiary. Two of the joint ventures operate distribution facilities which primarily distribute mining products. One of these facilities is located in Canada and the other is located in Australia. The Company’s variable interest in these joint ventures relates to sales of Titan product to these entities, consigned inventory and working capital loans. The third joint venture is the consortium which owns Voltyre-Prom, a leading producer of agricultural and industrial tires in Volgograd, Russia. Titan is acting as operating partner with responsibility for Voltyre-Prom’s daily operations. The Company has also provided working capital loans to Voltyre-Prom.

As the primary beneficiary of these variable interest entities (VIEs), the entities’ assets, liabilities and results of operations are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. The other equity holders’ interests are reflected in “Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests” in the consolidated condensed statements of operations and “Noncontrolling interests and redeemable noncontrolling interests” in the consolidated condensed balance sheets.

The Company holds a variable interest in a joint venture for which the Company is not the primary beneficiary. The joint venture manufactures and distributes wheels in China. The VIE is included in Other Assets in the consolidated balance sheets with a balance of $2.7 million at December 31, 2015.

The following table summarizes the carrying amount of the entities’ assets and liabilities included in the Company’s consolidated condensed balance sheets at December 31, 2015, and December 31, 2014 (amounts in thousands):



	December 31, 2015		December 31, 2014
Cash and cash equivalents	$	9,245	$	8,861
Inventory	7,993		9,645
Other current assets	13,763		18,115
Property, plant and equipment, net	25,181		36,353
Other noncurrent assets	5,179		8,016
Total assets	$	61,361	$	80,990

Current liabilities	12,850		11,659
Noncurrent liabilities	2,865		7,448
Total liabilities	$	15,715	$	19,107

All assets in the above table can only be used to settle obligations of the consolidated VIE. Liabilities are nonrecourse obligations. Amounts presented in the table above are adjusted for intercompany eliminations.

F- 22

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

20. ROYALTY EXPENSE

The Company has trademark license agreements with Goodyear to manufacture and sell certain farm tires under the Goodyear name. These agreements cover sales in North America, Latin America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Russia and other Commonwealth of Independent States countries. The North American and Latin American farm tire royalties were prepaid for through March 2018 as a part of the 2011 Goodyear Latin American farm tire acquisition. The Company also has a trademark license agreement with Goodyear to manufacture and sell certain non-farm tire products in Latin America. Royalty expenses recorded for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, were $10.5 million, $14.1 million and $14.3 million, respectively.

21. CONVERTIBLE DEBT CONVERSION CHARGE

In the first quarter of 2013, the Company closed an Exchange Agreement with a note holder of its 5.625% convertible senior subordinated notes (convertible notes). The two parties privately negotiated an agreement to exchange approximately $52.7 million in aggregate principal amount of the convertible notes for approximately 4.9 million shares of the Company's common stock plus a cash payment totaling $14.2 million. In connection with the exchange, the Company recognized a charge of $7.3 million in accordance with accounting standards for debt conversion.

22. LOSS ON SENIOR NOTE REPURCHASE

In the fourth quarter of 2013, Titan satisfied and discharged the indenture relating to the 7.875% senior secured notes due October 2017 (senior secured notes due 2017) by completing a tender offer settlement and redemption of all of its outstanding $525 million principal amount of the notes, including $325 million issued in 2013. In connection with this tender offer and redemption, the Company recorded expenses of $22.7 million. These expenses were related to early tender premium of $25.0 million, redemption premium of $8.1 million, unamortized deferred financing fees of $7.3 million, and other fees of $0.2 million, offset by unamortized premium on the notes of $17.9 million.

23. EARTHQUAKE INSURANCE RECOVERY AND GOVERNMENT GRANT

Titan Europe's wheel manufacturing facility in Finale Emilia, Italy, experienced damage from an earthquake in May 2012, prior to Titan's acquisition of Titan Europe. The plant was closed for production during initial remedial work. This resulted in a limited transfer of production to other facilities within Titan Europe as well as sourcing product from facilities in the U.S. owned by Titan and competitors. In the second quarter of 2013, Titan received a final insurance settlement payment of $38.7 million, which offset the earthquake insurance receivable and resulted in a gain of $22.5 million.

In August of 2014, the Company received an $11.3 million capital grant from the Italian government for asset damages related to the earthquake. The grant was recorded as a deferred income in noncurrent liabilities which will be amortized over the life of the reconstructed building.

F- 23

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

24. OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE)

Other income (expense) consisted of the following (amounts in thousands):



	2015			2014		2013
Interest income	$	2,667		$	3,038	$	3,396
Gain (loss) on sale of assets	2,418			3,438		(173		)
Discount amortization on prepaid royalty	1,956			2,712		3,296
Wheels India Limited equity income	1,790			2,108		1,430
Building rental income	936			903		846
Investment gain (loss) related to contractual obligation investments	(361		)	1,116		1,315
Other income	1,657			343		1,825
	$	11,063		$	13,658	$	11,935

25. INCOME TAXES

Income (loss) before income taxes, consisted of the following (amounts in thousands):



	2015			2014			2013
Domestic	$	(31,810	)	$	(47,730	)	$	27,023
Foreign	(20,196		)	(104,514		)	27,711
	$	(52,006	)	$	(152,244	)	$	54,734

The income tax provision (benefit) was as follows (amounts in thousands):



	2015			2014			2013
Current
Federal	$	3,143		$	(2,753	)	$	11,853
State	55			258			5,398
Foreign	7,114			5,476			11,800
	10,312			2,981			29,051
Deferred
Federal	28,283			(11,670		)	(8,473		)
State	3,599			(1,205		)	(316		)
Foreign	(3,913		)	(11,925		)	4,785
	27,969			(24,800		)	(4,004		)
Income tax provision (benefit)	$	38,281		$	(21,819	)	$	25,047

F- 24

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The income tax provision differs from the amount of income tax determined by applying the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate to pre-tax income (loss) as a result of the following:



	2015		2014		2013
Statutory U.S. federal tax rate	35.0	%	35.0	%	35.0	%
Unrecognized tax positions	—		0.7		6.2
Impact of foreign income	13.5		(0.4	)	4.5
Italian law change	—		—		(14.2	)
Goodwill impairment	—		(10.6	)	—
Valuation allowance	(144.0	)	(11.3	)	19.0
State taxes, net	(7.0	)	0.8		1.9
Domestic production exemption	—		—		(3.2	)
Debt conversion (benefit) expense	—		1.5		(1.0	)
Benefit from a US check-the-box election	35.5		—		—
Debt forgiveness	(2.2	)	—		—
Nondeductible royalty	(1.6	)	—		—
Other, net	(2.8	)	(1.4	)	(2.4	)
Effective tax rate	(73.6	)%	14.3	%	45.8	%

The effective tax rate for the year ended December 31, 2015 was a negative 73.6% as compared to 14.3% for the year ended December 31, 2014. The Company recorded a pre-tax loss in 2015 including a negative effective tax rate which represents tax expense and a pre-tax loss in 2014 including a positive effective tax rate which represents a tax benefit on the consolidated financial statements.

The 2015 effective tax rate was favorably impacted by a foreign exchange loss upon the outbound transfer of Brazil assets for U.S. tax purposes (U.S. check the box election) and unfavorably impacted by the recording of a valuation allowance. The rate was also favorably impacted by foreign earnings in jurisdictions where the statutory rate was less than 35%. The 2014 effective tax rate was impacted unfavorably by the goodwill impairment and foreign valuation allowances.

In jurisdictions where the Company operates its businesses, management analyzes the ability to utilize its deferred tax assets arising from losses in its cyclical business. During 2014 and prior, the company determined that it was more likely than not that the deferred tax assets would not be utilized in several jurisdictions, including Italy, Australia, and certain U.S. states. The Company continues to record a valuation allowance on these deferred tax assets as the amounts remain more likely than not that they will not be utilized. This increase in 2014 of $8.1 million is primarily related to additional net operating losses that are incurred in the foreign jurisdictions. For 2015, the Company recorded a full valuation allowance of $50.0 million on the net deferred tax asset in the U.S. during the fourth quarter, compared to $0.0 million in 2014. This is primarily related to net operating losses generated from the outbound transfer of Brazil assets for U.S. tax purposes (U.S. check the box election). The Company reviewed the available positive evidence and the objectively verifiable negative evidence along with the three year cumulative loss position during the fourth quarter and determined that a valuation allowance was needed. Also, the Company recorded a valuation allowance of $2.2 million on the Russian net operating loss as it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset related to this attribute will not be realized within its statutory life of 10 years, compared to $0.0 million in 2014. The remaining jurisdictions, including Italy, Luxembourg, Australia, and certain U.S. states, increased their valuation allowance from $45.2 million to $67.9 million. The change of $22.7 million primarily is related to its continuing net operating losses in 2015. The Company recorded a total increase in the valuation allowance in 2015 of $74.9 million.

F- 25

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes. Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities at December 31, 2015 and 2014, are as follows (amounts in thousands):



	2015			2014
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	103,490		$	55,590
Pension	8,580			8,590
Inventory	6,163			7,807
Warranty	8,056			9,945
Employee benefits and related costs	16,578			15,967
Allowance for bad debts	639			1,254
Prepaid royalties	4,381			7,960
Other	15,780			14,551
Deferred tax assets	163,667			121,664
Deferred tax liabilities:
Fixed assets	(43,663		)	(50,009		)
Intangible assets	(4,418		)	(6,043		)
Other	(3,958		)	(3,027		)
Deferred tax liabilities	(52,039		)	(59,079		)
Subtotal	111,628			62,585
Valuation allowance	(120,170		)	(45,241		)
Net deferred tax asset (liability)	$	(8,542	)	$	17,344

As of December 31, 2015 and 2014 certain tax loss carryforwards of $103.5 million and $55.6 million are available with $2.3 million expiring from 2016 through 2020 and $101.2 million expiring after 2020. At December 31, 2015, a valuation allowance of $120.2 million had been established. The Company has $83 million of Federal net operating loss carryforward which expires starting in 2034. Additionally, the Company has $181.9 million of state net operating losses and $261.6 million of foreign loss carryforwards. The majority of the valuation allowance is related to deferred tax assets in the U.S., Italy, Australia, Russia, and Luxembourg.

Titan has elected to adopt for the 2015 balance sheet the classification of deferred taxes based on Accounting Standards Update 2015-17 which requires all deferred taxes be classified as non-current on the balance sheet. Titan decided to adopt this guidance prospectively as of December 31, 2015. As a result, all deferred tax liabilities and assets are classified as non-current in the Consolidated Balance Sheet at December 31, 2015.

At December 31, 2015, U.S. income taxes have not been provided on approximately $155.5 million of unremitted earnings of subsidiaries operating outside the U.S. These earnings, which are considered to be invested indefinitely, would become subject to income tax if they were remitted as dividends, were lent to the Company or a U.S. affiliate, or if the Company were to sell its stock in the subsidiaries. It is not practical to estimate the amount of deferred tax liability on such earnings.

The Company or one of its subsidiaries files income tax returns in the U.S., Federal and State, and various foreign jurisdictions. The Company’s major locations are in the U.S., Italy, Australia, Russia, and Brazil. The U.S. Federal tax returns are currently under audit by the Internal Revenue Service for years 2010-2013. Italy has open tax years from 2010-2015 and has just completed an audit for years 2011-2013 without material adjustments. Russia has open tax years from 2012-2015. Australia and Brazil have open tax years from 2011-2015.

The Company has applied the provisions of ASC 740, “Income Taxes” related to unrecognized tax benefits. No adjustment was made to retained earnings in adopting these provisions in 2007. At December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, the unrecognized tax benefits were $18.0 million, $18.1 million, and $17.8 million respectively. As of December 31, 2015, $14.0 million of unrecognized tax benefits would affect income tax expense if the tax benefits were recognized. The majority of the accrual in unrecognized tax benefits relates to potential state tax exposures. Although management cannot predict with any degree of

F- 26

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

certainty the timing of ultimate resolution of matters under review by various taxing jurisdictions, it is unlikely that the Company’s gross unrecognized tax benefits balance will change significantly within the next twelve months.

Titan has identified the United States, the State of Illinois, Italy, Australia, Russia, and Brazil as “major” tax jurisdictions. The Company is subject to U.S. Federal tax examinations for years 2010 to 2015. Generally, tax years 2010 and forward remain open under state statutes of limitations and tax years 2010 and forward remain open tax years under foreign statutes of limitations.

A reconciliation of the total amounts of unrecognized tax benefits at December 31 were as follows (amounts in thousands):



	2015		2014		2013
Balance at January 1	15,320		15,363		11,872
Increases to tax positions taken during the current year	7		190		4,256
Increases to tax positions taken during the prior years	591		3,131		433
Decreases to tax positions taken during prior years	(534	)	(1,806	)	(250	)
Decreases due to lapse of statutes of limitations	(492	)	(802	)	(272	)
Settlements	(175	)	(656	)	(721	)
Foreign exchange	(19	)	(100	)	45
Balance at December 31	14,698		15,320		15,363

The Company accrues interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. The amount of interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits recorded in income tax expense was $0.5 million, $0.3 million and $0.1 million at December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013. The reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits above does not include accrued interest and penalties of $3.3 million, $2.8 million, and $2.5 million, at December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

26. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

Pension plans

The Company has three frozen defined benefit pension plans covering certain employees or former employees of three U.S. subsidiaries. The Company also has pension plans covering certain employees of several foreign subsidiaries. The Company’s policy is to fund pension costs as required by law, which is consistent with the funding requirements of federal laws and regulations. Certain foreign subsidiaries maintain unfunded pension plans consistent with local practices and requirements.

F- 27

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following table provides the change in benefit obligation, change in plan assets, funded status and amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheet of the defined benefit pension plans as of December 31, 2015 and 2014 (amounts in thousands):



Change in benefit obligation:	2015			2014
Benefit obligation at beginning of year	$	126,766		$	123,182
Service cost	404			618
Interest cost	4,837			5,653
Actuarial (gain) loss	(4,859		)	9,382
Benefits paid	(8,550		)	(9,187		)
Foreign currency translation	(3,000		)	(2,882		)
Benefit obligation at end of year	$	115,598		$	126,766
Change in plan assets:
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year	$	84,281		$	83,952
Actual return on plan assets	(1,670		)	3,912
Employer contributions	3,575			5,685
Benefits paid	(7,608		)	(9,032		)
Foreign currency translation	(186		)	(236		)
Fair value of plan assets at end of year	$	78,392		$	84,281
Unfunded status at end of year	$	(37,206	)	$	(42,485	)
Amounts recognized in consolidated balance sheet:
Noncurrent assets	$	812		$	537
Current liabilities	(1,613		)	(3,569		)
Noncurrent liabilities	(36,405		)	(39,453		)
Net amount recognized in the consolidated balance sheet	$	(37,206	)	$	(42,485	)

The pension benefit obligation included $98.1 million of pension benefit obligation for the three frozen plans in the U.S. and $17.5 million of pension benefit obligation for plans at foreign subsidiaries. The fair value of plan assets included $76.4 million of plan assets for the three frozen plans in the U.S. and $2.0 million of plan assets for foreign plans.



Amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss:
	2015			2014
Unrecognized prior service cost	$	(481	)	$	(618	)
Unrecognized net loss	(41,730		)	(41,370		)
Deferred tax effect of unrecognized items	15,490			15,929
Net amount recognized in accumulated other comprehensive loss	$	(26,721	)	$	(26,059	)



The weighted-average assumptions used in the actuarial computation that derived the benefit obligations at December 31 were as follows:	2015		2014
Discount rate	4.4	%	4.1	%
Expected long-term return on plan assets	7.4	%	7.4	%

F- 28

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The following table provides the components of net periodic pension cost for the plans, settlement cost and the assumptions used in the measurement of the Company’s benefit obligation for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 (amounts in thousands):



Components of net periodic benefit cost and other amounts recognized in other comprehensive income (loss)
Net periodic benefit cost:	2015			2014			2013
Service cost	$	404		$	618		$	850
Interest cost	4,837			5,653			5,408
Assumed return on assets	(6,051		)	(6,068		)	(5,585		)
Amortization of unrecognized prior service cost	137			137			137
Amortization of net unrecognized loss	2,917			3,033			5,264
Net periodic pension cost	$	2,244		$	3,373		$	6,074

The estimated net loss and prior service cost that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) into net periodic benefit cost over the next fiscal year are $3.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively.

The weighted-average assumptions used in the actuarial computation that derived net periodic pension cost for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 were as follows:



	2015		2014		2013
Discount rate	5.8	%	5.9	%	4.7	%
Expected long-term return on plan assets	7.4	%	7.4	%	7.4	%

The allocation of the fair value of plan assets was as follows:



	Percentage of Plan Assets at December 31,				Target Allocation
Asset Category	2015		2014		2016
U.S. equities (a)	54	%	61	%	40% - 80%
Fixed income	27	%	25	%	20% - 50%
Cash and cash equivalents	10	%	5	%	0% - 20%
International equities (a)	9	%	9	%	0% - 16%
	100	%	100	%


(a)	Total equities may not exceed 80% of total plan assets.

The majority of the Company's foreign plans do not have plan assets. The foreign plans which have plan assets holds these plan assets in an insurance or money market fund.

F- 29

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The fair value of the plan assets by asset categories at December 31, 2015 was as follows (amounts in thousands):



	Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2015
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Money market funds	$	5,514	$	5,514	$	—	$	—
Domestic common stock	27,996		27,996		—		—
Foreign common stock	2,727		2,727		—		—
Corporate bonds	4,996		4,996		—		—
Foreign bonds	1,590		—		1,590		—
U.S. government securities	13		13		—		—
Insurance fund	1,663		—		1,663		—
Common / collective trusts	33,893		—		33,893		—
Totals	$	78,392	$	41,246	$	37,146	$	—

The fair value of the plan assets by asset categories at December 31, 2014 was as follows (amounts in thousands):



	Fair Value Measurements as of December 31, 2014
	Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3
Money market funds	$	3,325	$	3,325	$	—	$	—
Domestic common stock	32,472		32,472		—		—
Foreign common stock	3,986		3,986		—		—
Corporate bonds	5,875		5,875		—		—
Foreign bonds	1,611		—		1,611		—
U.S. government securities	14		14		—		—
Mutual funds	—		—		—		—
Insurance funds	1,799		—		1,799		—
Common / collective trusts	35,199		—		35,199		—
Totals	$	84,281	$	45,672	$	38,609	$	—

The Company invests in a diversified portfolio consisting of an array of asset classes in an attempt to maximize returns while minimizing risk. These asset classes include U.S. equities, fixed income, cash and cash equivalents, and international equities. The investment objectives are to provide for the growth and preservation of plan assets on a long-term basis through investments in: (i) investment grade securities that provide investment returns that meet or exceed the Standard & Poor’s 500 Index and (ii) investment grade fixed income securities that provide investment returns that meet or exceed the Barclays Capital Aggregate Bond Index. The U.S. equities asset category included the Company’s common stock in the amount of $0.7 million (approximately one percent of total plan assets) at December 31, 2015, and $1.8 million (approximately two percent of total plan assets) at December 31, 2014.

The fair value of money market funds, stock, bonds, U.S. government securities and mutual funds are determined based on valuation for identical instruments in active markets. The fair value of common and collective trusts is determined based on the fair value of the underlying instruments.

The long-term rate of return for plan assets is determined using a weighted-average of long-term historical approximate returns on cash and cash equivalents, fixed income securities, and equity securities considering the anticipated investment allocation within the plans. The expected return on plan assets is anticipated to be 7.4% over the long-term. This rate assumes long-term historical returns of approximately 9% for equities and approximately 4.5% for fixed income securities using the plans’ target allocation percentages. Professional investment firms, none of which are Titan employees, manage the plan assets.

Although the 2016 minimum pension funding calculations are not finalized, the Company estimates those funding requirements will be approximately $5 million.

F- 30

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Projected benefit payments from the plans as of December 31, 2015, are estimated as follows (amounts in thousands):



2016	$	8,861
2017	8,406
2018	8,355
2019	8,043
2020	8,168
2021-2025	40,021

401(k)/Defined contribution plans

The Company sponsors two 401(k) retirement savings plans in the U.S. and a number of defined contribution plans at foreign subsidiaries. One U.S. plan is for the benefit of substantially all employees who are not covered by a collective bargaining arrangement. Titan provides a 25% matching contribution in the form of the Company’s common stock on the first 6% of the employee’s contribution in this plan. The Company issued 65,481 shares, 39,935 shares and 35,207 shares of treasury stock in connection with this 401(k) plan during 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Expenses to the Company related to this common stock matching contribution were $0.6 million, $0.6 million and $0.7 million for 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. The other U.S. 401(k) plan is for employees covered by collective bargaining agreements and does not include a Company matching contribution. Expenses related to foreign defined contribution plans were $3.7 million, $4.7 million and $4.1 million for 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

27. STOCK COMPENSATION

The Company accounts for stock compensation using ASC 718 Compensation – Stock Compensation. The Company recorded stock compensation of $2.3 million, $5.4 million and $4.8 million in 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Options to the Board of Directors vest immediately and options to employees vest over three years. All options expire 10 years from the grant date. The restricted stock awards vest over a period of three to four years.

2005 Equity Incentive Plan

The Company adopted the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan to provide stock compensation as a means of attracting and retaining qualified independent directors and employees for the Company. A total of 1.5 million shares are available for future issuance under the equity incentive plan. The exercise price of stock options may not be less than the fair market value of the common stock on the date of the grant. The vesting and term of each option is set by the Board of Directors. The Company granted 60,000 stock options under this plan in 2015, 59,000 stock options under this plan in 2014, and 60,000 stock options under this plan in 2013. The Company granted 123,500 restricted stock awards under this plan in 2015, 10,000 restricted stock awards under this plan in 2014, and 225,750 restricted stock awards under this plan in 2013.

Stock Options

The following is a summary of activity in stock options for 2015:



	Shares Subject to Option		Weighted- Average Exercise Price		Weighted- Average Remaining Contractual Life (in Years)	Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in thousands)
Outstanding, December 31, 2014	1,178,073		$	18.09
Granted	60,000		11.03
Exercised	(12,500	)	11.56
Forfeited/Expired	(429,791	)	15.38
Outstanding, December 31, 2015	795,782		19.13		6.13	$	—
Exercisable, December 31, 2015	795,782		19.13		6.13	$	—

F- 31

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The total intrinsic value of options exercised in 2015 was $0.0 million. Cash received from the exercise of stock options was $0.1 million for 2015. Tax benefit realized for the tax deductions from stock options exercised was $0.0 million for 2015. The weighted-average per share estimated grant date fair value of options issued in 2015 was $5.27. The Company has no pre-tax unrecognized compensation expense for stock options at December 31, 2015.

The total intrinsic value of options exercised in 2014 was $0.0 million. Cash received from the exercise of stock options was $0.1 million for 2014. Tax benefit realized for the tax deductions from stock options exercised was $0.0 million in 2014. The weighted-average per share estimated grant date fair value of options issued in 2014 was $9.97.

The total intrinsic value of options exercised in 2013 was $0.4 million. Cash received from the exercise of stock options was $1.0 million for 2013. Tax benefit realized for the tax deductions from stock options exercised was $0.2 million in 2013. The weighted-average per share estimated grant date fair value of options issued in 2013 was $14.51.

The Company currently uses treasury shares to satisfy any stock option exercises. At December 31, 2015, the Company had 1.3 million shares of treasury stock.

Valuation Assumptions

The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to determine the fair value of its stock options. The determination of the fair value of stock option awards on the date of grant using option pricing models is affected by the Company’s stock price, as well as assumptions regarding a number of complex and subjective variables. These variables include the Company’s expected stock price volatility over the expected term of the awards, actual and projected stock option exercise behaviors, risk-free interest rates and expected dividends. The expected term of options represents the period of time over which options are expected to be outstanding and is estimated based on historical experience. Expected volatility is based on the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock calculated over the expected term of the option. The risk-free interest rate is based on U.S. Treasury yields in effect at the date of grant.

Weighted average assumptions used for stock options issued in 2015, 2014 and 2013:



	2015		2014		2013
Expected life (in years)	6.0		6.0		6.0
Expected volatility	49.4	%	67.8	%	68.4	%
Expected dividends	0.1	%	0.1	%	0.1	%
Risk-free interest rate	1.78	%	1.80	%	1.01	%

Restricted Stock



	Shares		Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at December 31, 2014	342,500		19.04
Granted	123,500		10.56
Vested	(90,250	)	18.02
Forfeited/Expired	(36,875	)	19.09
Unvested at December 31, 2015	338,875		16.22

Pre-tax unrecognized compensation expense for unvested restricted stock was $3.3 million at December 31, 2015, and will be recognized as an expense over a weighted-average period of 1.9 years.

28. LITIGATION

The Company is a party to routine legal proceedings arising out of the normal course of business. Although it is not possible to predict with certainty the outcome of these unresolved legal actions or the range of possible loss, the Company believes at this time that none of these actions, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows of the Company. However, due to the difficult nature of predicting unresolved and future legal claims, the Company cannot anticipate or predict the material adverse effect on its consolidated financial condition, results of operations or cash flows as a result of efforts to comply with or its liabilities pertaining to legal judgments.

Two of Titan’s subsidiaries are currently involved in litigation concerning environmental laws and regulations;

29. LEASE COMMITMENTS

The Company leases certain buildings and equipment under operating leases. Certain lease agreements provide for renewal options, fair value purchase options, and payment of property taxes, maintenance and insurance by the Company. Total rental expense was $7.3 million, $10.2 million and $7.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

F- 32

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

At December 31, 2015, future minimum rental commitments under noncancellable operating leases with initial or remaining terms in excess of one year are as follows (amounts in thousands):



2016	$	5,681
2017	2,823
2018	2,323
2019	1,334
2020	676
Thereafter	365
Total future minimum lease payments	$	13,202

At December 31, 2015, the Company had assets held as capital leases with a net book value of $8.5 million included in property, plant and equipment. Total future capital lease obligations relating to these leases are as follows (amounts in thousands):



2016	$	1,200
2017	495
2018	109
2019	66
2020	5
Total future capital lease obligation payments	1,875
Less amount representing interest	(29		)
Present value of future capital lease obligation payments	$	1,846

30. CONCENTRATION OF CREDIT RISK

Net sales to Deere & Company in Titan’s agricultural, earthmoving/construction and consumer markets represented 10% of the Company’s consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2015, 12% of the Company’s consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2014, and 13% of the Company’s consolidated revenues for the year ended December 31, 2013.

31. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

The Company sells products and pays commissions to companies controlled by persons related to the chief executive officer of the Company. The related party is Mr. Fred Taylor and is Mr. Maurice Taylor’s brother. The companies which Mr. Fred Taylor is associated with that do business with Titan include the following: Blackstone OTR, LLC; FBT Enterprises; Green Carbon, INC; and OTR Wheel Engineering. During 2015, 2014 and 2013, sales of Titan product to these companies were approximately $1.7 million, $2.6 million and $3.0 million, respectively. Titan had trade receivables due from these companies of approximately $0.2 million at December 31, 2015, and approximately $0.2 million at December 31, 2014. On other sales referred to Titan from these manufacturing representative companies, commissions were approximately $2.0 million, $2.4 million and $2.5 million during 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively. Titan had purchases from these companies of approximately $4.7 million and $9.9 million during 2015 and 2014, respectively.

In July 2013, the Company entered into a Shareholders’ Agreement between One Equity Partners (OEP) and the Russian Direct

Investment Fund (RDIF) to acquire Voltyre-Prom, a leading producer of agricultural and industrial tires located in Volgograd,

Russia. Mr. Richard M. Cashin Jr., a director of the Company, is President of OEP which owns 26.1% of the joint venture. The

Shareholder’s agreement contains a settlement put option which may require the Company to purchase shares from OEP and

RDIF at a value set by the agreement. See Note 15 for additional information.

F- 33

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The Company has a 34.2% equity stake in Wheels India Limited, a company incorporated in India and listed on the National Stock Exchange in India. The Company had trade payables due to Wheels India of approximately $0.0 million at December 31, 2015, and approximately $0.1 million at December 31, 2014.

32. SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION

The Company has aggregated its operating units into reportable segments based on its three customer markets: agricultural, earthmoving/construction and consumer. These segments are based on the information used by the chief executive officer to make certain operating decisions, allocate portions of capital expenditures and assess segment performance. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in Note 1, “Description of Business and Significant Accounting Policies.” Segment external revenues, expenses and income from operations are determined on the basis of the results of operations of operating units of manufacturing facilities. Segment assets are generally determined on the basis of the tangible assets located at such operating units’ manufacturing facilities and the intangible assets associated with the acquisitions of such operating units. However, certain operating units’ goodwill and property, plant and equipment balances are carried at the corporate level.

Titan is organized primarily on the basis of products being included in three marketing segments, with each reportable segment including wheels, tires, wheel/tire assemblies and undercarriage systems and components.

F- 34

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The table below presents information about certain operating results of segments as reviewed by the chief operating decision maker of the Company as of and for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 (amounts in thousands):



	2015			2014			2013
Revenues from external customers
Agricultural	$	723,715		$	1,016,882		$	1,182,187
Earthmoving/construction	505,927			610,596			749,115
Consumer	165,129			268,049			232,293
	$	1,394,771		$	1,895,527		$	2,163,595
Gross profit
Agricultural	$	97,341		$	134,688		$	198,910
Earthmoving/construction	33,526			(7,609		)	83,358
Consumer	11,084			16,250			15,542
Unallocated corporate	(4,142		)	(2,686		)	(2,620		)
	$	137,809		$	140,643		$	295,190
Income (loss) from operations
Agricultural	$	61,786		$	63,838		$	151,841
Earthmoving/construction	(13,707		)	(80,600		)	22,008
Consumer	(5,458		)	(8,766		)	1,630
Unallocated corporate	(66,900		)	(72,097		)	(73,084		)
Consolidated income (loss) from operations	(24,279		)	(97,625		)	102,395

Interest expense	(34,032		)	(36,564		)	(47,120		)
Convertible debt conversion charge	—			—			(7,273		)
Loss on senior note repurchase	—			—			(22,734		)
Gain on earthquake insurance recovery	—			—			22,451
Foreign Exchange Loss	(4,758		)	(31,713		)	(4,920		)
Other income (expense), net	11,063			13,658			11,935
Income (loss) before income taxes	$	(52,006	)	$	(152,244	)	$	54,734

Capital expenditures
Agricultural	$	12,733		$	17,448		$	28,763
Earthmoving/construction	19,468			29,190			35,702
Consumer	3,442			7,608			7,393
Unallocated corporate	12,786			4,193			8,273
	$	48,429		$	58,439		$	80,131

Depreciation & amortization
Agricultural	$	28,489		$	37,996		$	29,781
Earthmoving/construction	29,069			36,608			40,272
Consumer	7,037			9,743			6,246
Unallocated corporate	5,023			4,357			4,323
	$	69,618		$	88,704		$	80,622

Total assets
Agricultural	$	432,983		$	508,741		$	725,032
Earthmoving/construction	540,434			591,553			749,564
Consumer	122,123			175,475			172,320
Unallocated corporate (a)	179,651			219,955			174,315
	$	1,275,191		$	1,495,724		$	1,821,231

(a) Unallocated assets include cash of approximately $143 million, $133 million, and $82 million at year-end 2015, 2014 and 2013, respectively.

F- 35

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The table below presents information by geographic area. Revenues from external customers were determined based on the location of the selling subsidiary. Geographic information as of and for the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014 and 2013 was as follows (amounts in thousands):



2015	United States		Brazil		Other Countries		Consolidated Totals
Revenues from external customers	$	702,856	$	205,070	$	486,845	$	1,394,771
Long-lived assets	190,171		58,820		201,029		450,020
2014
Revenues from external customers	$	904,097	$	352,342	$	639,088	$	1,895,527
Long-lived assets	223,797		80,414		223,203		527,414
2013
Revenues from external customers	$	1,159,061	$	397,426	$	607,108	$	2,163,595
Long-lived assets	266,413		101,282		313,187		680,882

33. EARNINGS PER SHARE

Earnings per share for 2015, 2014 and 2013 are (amounts in thousands, except per share data):



	2015			2014			2013
Net income (loss) attributable to Titan	$	(75,633	)	$	(80,461	)	$	35,205
Redemption value adjustment	(17,668		)	(49,277		)	—
Net income (loss) applicable to common shareholders	(93,301		)	(129,738		)	35,205
Effect of convertible notes	—			—			2,600
Net income (loss) applicable to common shareholders and assumed conversions	$	(93,301	)	$	(129,738	)	$	37,805
Determination of Shares:
Weighted average shares outstanding (basic)	53,696			53,497			53,039
Effect of stock options/trusts	—			—			258
Effect of convertible notes	—			—			6,225
Weighted average shares outstanding (diluted)	53,696			53,497			59,522
Earnings per share:
Basic	$	(1.74	)	$	(2.43	)	$	0.66
Diluted	$	(1.74	)	$	(2.43	)	$	0.64

The effect of stock options/trusts and convertible notes has been excluded for 2014 and 2015, as the effect would have been antidilutive. The weighted average share amount excluded for stock options/trusts was 0.2 million and 0.2 million for 2015 and 2014, respectively. The effect of convertible notes has been excluded for 2014, as the effect would have been antidilutive. The weighted average share amount excluded for convertible notes was 5.6 million and 5.6 million for 2015 and 2014, respectively.

F- 36

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

34. SUPPLEMENTARY DATA – QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)

(All amounts in thousands, except per share data)



Quarter ended	March 31			June 30				September 30			December 31				Year ended December 31
2015
Net sales	$	402,059		$	376,067			$	308,836		$	307,809			$	1,394,771
Gross profit	42,794			51,053				26,153			17,809				137,809
Titan net income (loss)	232			6,771				(31,476		)	(51,160		)		(75,633		)
Per share amounts:
Basic	(.05		)	.17				(.79		)	(1.07		)		(1.74		)	(c)
Diluted	(.05		)	.17				(.79		)	(1.07		)		(1.74		)	(c)
2014
Net sales	$	538,940		$	523,731			$	449,579		$	383,277			$	1,895,527
Gross profit	51,977			20,773			(a)	43,639			24,254				140,643
Titan net income (loss)	2,163			(20,511		)	(a)	(9,067		)	(53,046		)	(b)	(80,461		)
Per share amounts:
Basic	.02			(.40		)	(a)	(.47		)	(1.58		)	(b)	(2.43		)	(c)
Diluted	.02			(.40		)	(a)	(.47		)	(1.58		)	(b)	(2.43		)	(c)


(a)	Mining asset impairment and inventory write-down of 34.8 million was included in the quarter ended June 30, 2014.


(b)	Non-cash goodwill impairment charge of $36.6 million was included in the quarter ended December 31, 2014.


(c)	As a result of changes in outstanding share balances and dilution factors, year-end per share amounts may not agree to the sum of the quarters.

35. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

In February 2016, the Company purchased additional shares in Titan Tire Russia BV, the joint venture with OEP and RDIF which owns the Voltyre-Prom entity in Volgograd, Russia. The purchase of additional shares increased Titan's interest to 43% from 30%. Titan will continue to act as operating partner with responsibility for Voltyre-Prom's daily operations on behalf of the consortium.

36. SUBSIDIARY GUARANTOR FINANCIAL INFORMATION

The Company's 6.875% senior secured notes due 2020 and 5.625% convertible senior subordinated notes due 2017 are guaranteed by the following 100% owned subsidiaries of the Company: Titan Tire Corporation, Titan Tire Corporation of Bryan, Titan Tire Corporation of Freeport, and Titan Wheel Corporation of Illinois. The note guarantees are full and unconditional, joint and several obligations of the guarantors. The guarantees of the guarantor subsidiaries are subject to release in limited circumstances only upon the occurrence of certain customary conditions. The following condensed consolidating financial statements are presented using the equity method of accounting. Certain sales & marketing expenses recorded by non-guarantor subsidiaries have not been allocated to the guarantor subsidiaries.

F- 37

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



(Amounts in thousands)	Consolidating Condensed Statements of Operations Year Ended December 31, 2015
	Titan Intl., Inc. (Parent)			Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Eliminations		Consolidated
Net sales	$	—		$	640,785	$	753,986		$	—	$	1,394,771
Cost of sales	2,826			558,363		695,773			—		1,256,962
Gross profit (loss)	(2,826		)	82,422		58,213			—		137,809
Selling, general and administrative expenses	7,513			69,686		63,194			—		140,393
Research and development expenses	—			3,505		7,657			—		11,162
Royalty expense	—			6,711		3,822			—		10,533
Income (loss) from operations	(10,339		)	2,520		(16,460		)	—		(24,279		)
Interest expense	(32,291		)	—		(1,741		)	—		(34,032		)
Intercompany interest income (expense)	825			2,361		(3,186		)	—		—
Other income (expense)	6,623			2,110		(2,428		)	—		6,305
Income (loss) before income taxes	(35,182		)	6,991		(23,815		)	—		(52,006		)
Provision for income taxes	34,341			2,007		1,933			—		38,281
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries	(20,764		)	—		(5,755		)	26,519		—
Net income (loss)	(90,287		)	4,984		(31,503		)	26,519		(90,287		)
Net loss noncontrolling interests	—			—		(14,654		)	—		(14,654		)
Net income (loss) attributable to Titan	$	(90,287	)	$	4,984	$	(16,849	)	$	26,519	$	(75,633	)



(Amounts in thousands)	Consolidating Condensed Statements of Operations Year Ended December 31, 2014
	Titan Intl., Inc. (Parent)			Guarantor Subsidiaries			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Eliminations		Consolidated
Net sales	$	—		$	879,982		$	1,015,545		$	—	$	1,895,527
Cost of sales	927			800,310			953,647			—		1,754,884
Gross profit (loss)	(927		)	79,672			61,898			—		140,643
Selling, general and administrative expenses	12,887			71,548			89,179			—		173,614
Research and development expenses	72			5,309			8,624			—		14,005
Royalty expense	—			7,620			6,458			—		14,078
Noncash goodwill impairment charge	—			—			36,571			—		36,571
Loss from operations	(13,886		)	(4,805		)	(78,934		)	—		(97,625		)
Interest expense	(32,783		)	—			(3,781		)	—		(36,564		)
Intercompany interest income (expense)	6,416			2,346			(8,762		)	—		—
Other income (expense)	4,258			14			(22,327		)	—		(18,055		)
Loss before income taxes	(35,995		)	(2,445		)	(113,804		)	—		(152,244		)
Benefit for income taxes	(12,765		)	(374		)	(8,680		)	—		(21,819		)
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries	(107,195		)	—			(26,213		)	133,408		—
Net income (loss)	(130,425		)	(2,071		)	(131,337		)	133,408		(130,425		)
Net loss noncontrolling interests	—			—			(49,964		)	—		(49,964		)
Net income (loss) attributable to Titan	$	(130,425	)	$	(2,071	)	$	(81,373	)	$	133,408	$	(80,461	)

F- 38

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



(Amounts in thousands)	Consolidating Condensed Statements of Operations Year Ended December 31, 2013
	Titan Intl., Inc. (Parent)			Guarantor Subsidiaries			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Eliminations			Consolidated
Net sales	$	—		$	1,139,366		$	1,024,229		$	—		$	2,163,595
Cost of sales	1,157			936,022			931,226			—			1,868,405
Gross profit (loss)	(1,157		)	203,344			93,003			—			295,190
Selling, general and administrative expenses	9,608			73,196			84,567			—			167,371
Research and development expenses	(35		)	5,563			5,637			—			11,165
Royalty expense	—			7,327			6,932			—			14,259
Income (loss) from operations	(10,730		)	117,258			(4,133		)	—			102,395
Interest expense	(38,761		)	—			(8,359		)	—			(47,120		)
Convertible debt conversion charge	(7,273		)	—			—			—			(7,273		)
Loss on note repurchase	(22,734		)	—			—			—			(22,734		)
Gain on earthquake insurance	—			—			22,451			—			22,451
Intercompany interest income (expense)	7,488			2,024			(9,512		)	—			—
Other income (expense)	4,189			(78		)	2,904			—			7,015
Income (loss) before income taxes	(67,821		)	119,204			3,351			—			54,734
Provision (benefit) for income taxes	(26,770		)	42,528			9,289			—			25,047
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries	70,738			—			43,605			(114,343		)	—
Net income (loss)	29,687			76,676			37,667			(114,343		)	29,687
Net loss noncontrolling interests	—			—			(5,518		)	—			(5,518		)
Net income (loss) attributable to Titan	$	29,687		$	76,676		$	43,185		$	(114,343	)	$	35,205

F- 39

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



(Amounts in thousands)	Consolidating Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) For the Year Ended December 31, 2015
	Titan Intl., Inc. (Parent)			Guarantor Subsidiaries			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Eliminations		Consolidated
Net income (loss)	$	(90,287	)	$	4,984		$	(31,503	)	$	26,519	$	(90,287	)
Currency translation adjustment, net	(79,196		)	—			(79,196		)	79,196		(79,196		)
Pension liability adjustments, net of tax	(662		)	(1,557		)	895			662		(662		)
Comprehensive income (loss)	(170,145		)	3,427			(109,804		)	106,377		(170,145		)
Net comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	—			—			(19,391		)	—		(19,391		)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Titan	$	(170,145	)	$	3,427		$	(90,413	)	$	106,377	$	(150,754	)



(Amounts in thousands)	Consolidating Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) For the Year Ended December 31, 2014
	Titan Intl., Inc. (Parent)			Guarantor Subsidiaries			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Eliminations		Consolidated
Net income (loss)	$	(130,425	)	$	(2,071	)	$	(131,337	)	$	133,408	$	(130,425	)
Currency translation adjustment, net	(63,424		)	—			(63,424		)	63,424		(63,424		)
Pension liability adjustments, net of tax	(5,129		)	(4,557		)	(572		)	5,129		(5,129		)
Comprehensive income (loss)	(198,978		)	(6,628		)	(195,333		)	201,961		(198,978		)
Net comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	—			—			(68,856		)	—		(68,856		)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Titan	$	(198,978	)	$	(6,628	)	$	(126,477	)	$	201,961	$	(130,122	)



(Amounts in thousands)	Consolidating Condensed Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) For the Year Ended December 31, 2013
	Titan Intl., Inc. (Parent)			Guarantor Subsidiaries		Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Eliminations			Consolidated
Net income (loss)	$	29,687		$	76,676	$	37,667		$	(114,343	)	$	29,687
Unrealized gain (loss) on investments, net of tax	(3		)	—		(3		)	3			(3		)
Currency translation adjustment, net	(24,287		)	—		(24,287		)	24,287			(24,287		)
Pension liability adjustments, net of tax	14,749			11,472		3,277			(14,749		)	14,749
Comprehensive income (loss)	20,146			88,148		16,654			(104,802		)	20,146
Net comprehensive loss attributable to noncontrolling interests	—			—		(9,734		)	—			(9,734		)
Comprehensive income (loss) attributable to Titan	$	20,146		$	88,148	$	26,388		$	(104,802	)	$	29,880

F- 40

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



(Amounts in thousands)	Consolidating Condensed Balance Sheets December 31, 2015
	Titan Intl., Inc. (Parent)		Guarantor Subsidiaries			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Eliminations			Consolidated
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	142,401	$	4		$	57,783		$	—		$	200,188
Accounts receivable	—		59,933			117,456			—			177,389
Inventories	—		81,993			187,798			—			269,791
Prepaid and other current assets	11,101		21,133			30,399			—			62,633
Total current assets	153,502		163,063			393,436			—			710,001
Property, plant and equipment, net	8,015		138,351			303,654			—			450,020
Investment in subsidiaries	724,676		—			98,660			(823,336		)	—
Other assets	34,141		1,181			79,848			—			115,170
Total assets	$	920,334	$	302,595		$	875,598		$	(823,336	)	$	1,275,191
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Short-term debt	$	—	$	—		$	31,222		$	—		$	31,222
Accounts payable	2,215		12,386			108,553						123,154
Other current liabilities	30,466		41,818			43,437			—			115,721
Total current liabilities	32,681		54,204			183,212			—			270,097
Long-term debt	460,161		—			20,243			—			480,404
Other long-term liabilities	29,881		20,628			52,324			—			102,833
Intercompany accounts	52,552		(271,930		)	219,378			—			—
Redeemable noncontrolling interest	—		—			77,174			—			77,174
Titan stockholders' equity	345,059		499,693			323,643			(823,336		)	345,059
Noncontrolling interests	—		—			(376		)	—			(376		)
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	920,334	$	302,595		$	875,598		$	(823,336	)	$	1,275,191

F- 41

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



(Amounts in thousands)	Consolidating Condensed Balance Sheets December 31, 2014
	Titan Intl., Inc. (Parent)			Guarantor Subsidiaries			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries		Eliminations			Consolidated
Assets
Cash and cash equivalents	$	129,985		$	4		$	71,462	$	—		$	201,451
Accounts receivable	(55		)	63,645			135,788		—			199,378
Inventories	—			103,230			228,202		—			331,432
Prepaid and other current assets	26,803			21,105			55,761		—			103,669
Total current assets	156,733			187,984			491,213		—			835,930
Property, plant and equipment, net	7,590			160,318			359,506		—			527,414
Investment in subsidiaries	745,084			—			109,768		(854,852		)	—
Other assets	51,381			827			80,172		—			132,380
Total assets	$	960,788		$	349,129		$	1,040,659	$	(854,852	)	$	1,495,724
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity
Short-term debt	$	—		$	—		$	26,233	$	—		$	26,233
Accounts payable	1,795			10,876			133,634		—			146,305
Other current liabilities	28,519			45,291			55,208		—			129,018
Total current liabilities	30,314			56,167			215,075		—			301,556
Long-term debt	460,161			—			36,342		—			496,503
Other long-term liabilities	15,244			20,867			71,496		—			107,607
Intercompany accounts	(56,426		)	(228,307		)	284,733		—			—
Redeemable noncontrolling interest	—			—			71,192		—			71,192
Titan stockholders’ equity	511,495			500,402			354,450		(854,852		)	511,495
Noncontrolling interests	—			—			7,371		—			7,371
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity	$	960,788		$	349,129		$	1,040,659	$	(854,852	)	$	1,495,724

F- 42

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



(Amounts in thousands)	Consolidating Condensed Statements of Cash Flows Year Ended December 31, 2015
	Titan Intl., Inc. (Parent)			Guarantor Subsidiaries			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Consolidated
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	15,933		$	6,441		$	41,556		$	63,930
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures	(2,585		)	(6,254		)	(39,590		)	(48,429		)
Other, net	—			(187		)	(1,321		)	(1,508		)
Net cash used for investing activities	(2,585		)	(6,441		)	(40,911		)	(49,937		)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from borrowings	—			—			5,727			5,727
Payment on debt	—			—			(5,521		)	(5,521		)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	145			—			—			145
Dividends paid	(1,077		)	—			—			(1,077		)
Net cash used for financing activities	(932		)	—			206			(726		)
Effect of exchange rate change on cash	—			—			(14,530		)	(14,530		)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	12,416			—			(13,679		)	(1,263		)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	129,985			4			71,462			201,451
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	142,401		$	4		$	57,783		$	200,188



(Amounts in thousands)	Consolidating Condensed Statements of Cash Flows Year Ended December 31, 2014
	Titan Intl., Inc. (Parent)			Guarantor Subsidiaries			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Consolidated
Net cash provided by operating activities	$	51,113		$	8,584		$	58,123		$	117,820
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures	(914		)	(8,584		)	(48,941		)	(58,439		)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	(49		)	—			(13,346		)	(13,395		)
Increase in restricted cash deposits	—			—			14,268			14,268
Other, net	—			—			1,296			1,296
Net cash used for investing activities	(963		)	(8,584		)	(46,723		)	(56,270		)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from borrowings	—			—			15,708			15,708
Payment on debt	—			—			(60,345		)	(60,345		)
Proceeds from exercise of stock options	141			—			—			141
Excess tax benefit from stock options	(672		)	—			—			(672		)
Payment of financing fees	(33		)	—			—			(33		)
Dividends paid	(1,073		)	—			—			(1,073		)
Net cash used for financing activities	(1,637		)	—			(44,637		)	(46,274		)
Effect of exchange rate change on cash	—			—			(3,185		)	(3,185		)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	48,513			—			(36,422		)	12,091
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	81,472			4			107,884			189,360
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	129,985		$	4		$	71,462		$	201,451

F- 43

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS



(Amounts in thousands)	Consolidating Condensed Statements of Cash Flows Year Ended December 31, 2013
	Titan Intl., Inc. (Parent)			Guarantor Subsidiaries			Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries			Consolidated
Net cash provided by (used for) operating activities	$	(175,810	)	$	29,087		$	263,597		$	116,874
Cash flows from investing activities:
Capital expenditures	(6,290		)	(29,087		)	(44,754		)	(80,131		)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired	—			—			(95,681		)	(95,681		)
Additional equity investment in Wheels India	—			—			(8,017		)	(8,017		)
Increase in restricted cash deposits	—			—			(14,473		)	(14,473		)
Insurance proceeds	—			—			2,879			2,879
Other, net	—			—			2,119			2,119
Net cash used for investing activities	(6,290		)	(29,087		)	(157,927		)	(193,304		)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from borrowings	745,313			—			43,391			788,704
Repurchase of senior notes	(558,360		)	—			—			(558,360		)
Payment on debt	—			—			(200,721		)	(200,721		)
Convertible note conversion	(14,090		)	—			—			(14,090		)
Capital contribution from noncontrolling interest	—			—			79,592			79,592
Proceeds from exercse of stock options	1,001			—			—			1,001
Excess tax benefit from stock options	(68		)	—			—			(68		)
Payment of financing fees	(12,332		)	—			—			(12,332		)
Dividends paid	(1,046		)	—			—			(1,046		)
Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities	160,418			—			(77,738		)	82,680
Effect of exchange rate change on cash	—			—			(6,004		)	(6,004		)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents	(21,682		)	—			21,928			246
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period	103,154			4			85,956			189,114
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period	$	81,472		$	4		$	107,884		$	189,360

F- 44

TITAN INTERNATIONAL, INC.

SCHEDULE II – VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS

(Amounts in thousands)



Description	Balance at beginning of year		Additions to costs and expenses		Deductions			Balance at end of year
Year ended December 31, 2015
Reserve deducted in the balance sheet from the assets to which it applies
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	5,706	$	1,414	$	(2,593	)	$	4,527

Year ended December 31, 2014
Reserve deducted in the balance sheet from the assets to which it applies
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	5,287	$	536	$	(117	)	$	5,706

Year ended December 31, 2013
Reserve deducted in the balance sheet from the assets to which it applies
Allowance for doubtful accounts	$	5,130	$	2,984	$	(2,827	)	$	5,287

S- 1