UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

FORM 10-Q

 

þ		QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number 001-00566

 

GREIF, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)		31-4388903 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
425 Winter Road, Delaware, Ohio		43015
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Website, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes o No o

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer þ		Accelerated filer o		Non-accelerated filer o		Smaller reporting company o
				(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes o No þ

The number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock at the close of business on May 31, 2010:

Class A Common Stock		24,657,074 shares
Class B Common Stock		22,462,266 shares

 

 

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

GREIF, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)

		Three months ended								Six months ended
		April 30,								April 30,
		2010				2009				2010				2009
						(As Adjusted)1								(As Adjusted)1
Net sales		$	836,580			$	647,897			$	1,546,262			$	1,314,157
Cost of products sold			668,064				551,037				1,240,034				1,122,496
Gross profit			168,516				96,860				306,228				191,661
Selling, general and administrative expenses (2)			91,668				65,695				174,050				124,129
Restructuring charges			4,790				20,295				10,787				47,471
Gain on disposal of properties, plants and equipment, net			(701	)			(2,237	)			(2,029	)			(4,554	)
Operating profit			72,759				13,107				123,420				24,615
Interest expense, net			16,759				13,403				31,647				25,602
Debt extinguishment charge			—				782				—				782
Other expense (income), net			896				(1,957	)			3,659				(170	)
Income (loss) before income tax expense and equity losses of unconsolidated affilitates, net			55,104				879				88,114				(1,599	)
Income tax expense (benefit)			10,514				(672	)			17,182				(1,922	)
Equity earnings (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates, net of tax			242				(5	)			131				(595	)
Net income (loss)			44,832				1,546				71,063				(272	)
Net income (loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests			2,198				(7	)			3,610				447
Net income (loss) attributable to Greif, Inc.		$	42,634			$	1,553			$	67,453			$	(719	)
Basic earnings per share attributable to Greif, Inc. common shareholders:
Class A Common Stock		$	0.73			$	0.03			$	1.16			$	(0.01	)
Class B Common Stock		$	1.10			$	0.04			$	1.73			$	(0.02	)
Diluted earnings per share attributable to Greif, Inc. common shareholders:
Class A Common Stock		$	0.73			$	0.03			$	1.16			$	(0.01	)
Class B Common Stock		$	1.10			$	0.04			$	1.73			$	(0.02	)

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

GREIF, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

ASSETS

		April 30, 2010				October 31, 2009
						(As Adjusted)1
Current assets
Cash and cash equivalents		$	85,033			$	111,896
Trade accounts receivable, less allowance of $12,566 in 2010 and $12,510 in 2009			418,982				337,054
Inventories			302,944				238,851
Deferred tax assets			14,157				19,901
Net assets held for sale			29,527				31,574
Prepaid expenses and other current assets			117,129				105,904
			967,772				845,180
Long-term assets
Goodwill			617,161				592,117
Other intangible assets, net of amortization			151,180				131,370
Assets held by special purpose entities (Note 8)			50,891				50,891
Other long-term assets			98,842				112,092
			918,074				886,470
Properties, plants and equipment
Timber properties, net of depletion			212,636				197,114
Land			117,809				120,667
Buildings			370,742				380,816
Machinery and equipment			1,191,963				1,148,406
Capital projects in progress			122,885				70,489
			2,016,035				1,917,492
Accumulated depreciation			(864,579	)			(825,213	)
			1,151,456				1,092,279
Total assets		$	3,037,302			$	2,823,929

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

GREIF, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

(UNAUDITED)
(Dollars in thousands)

LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

		April 30, 2010				October 31, 2009
						(As Adjusted)1
Current liabilities
Accounts payable		$	324,906			$	335,816
Accrued payroll and employee benefits			61,757				74,475
Restructuring reserves			15,910				15,315
Current portion of long-term debt			20,000				17,500
Short-term borrowings			48,890				19,584
Other current liabilities			139,330				99,407
			610,793				562,097
Long-term liabilities
Long-term debt			954,983				721,108
Deferred tax liabilities			158,741				161,152
Pension liabilities			81,353				77,942
Postretirement benefit obligations			26,110				25,396
Liabilities held by special purpose entities (Note 8)			43,250				43,250
Other long-term liabilities			107,448				126,392
			1,371,885				1,155,240
Shareholders’ equity
Common stock, without par value			104,117				96,504
Treasury stock, at cost			(114,904	)			(115,277	)
Retained earnings			1,229,967				1,206,614
Accumulated other comprehensive loss:
- foreign currency translation			(98,953	)			(6,825	)
- interest rate derivatives			(17	)			(1,484	)
- energy and other derivatives			(402	)			(391	)
- minimum pension liabilities			(78,603	)			(79,546	)
Toal Greif, Inc. shareholders’ equity before noncontrolling interest			1,041,205				1,099,595
Noncontrolling interests			13,419				6,997
Total shareholders’ equity			1,054,624				1,106,592
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity		$	3,037,302			$	2,823,929

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

GREIF, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES

(Dollars in thousands)

For the six months ended April 30,		2010				2009
						(As Adjusted)1
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income (loss)		$	71,063			$	(272	)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash used in operating activities:
Depreciation, depletion and amortization			57,179				49,518
Asset impairments			239				11,620
Deferred income taxes			3,333				(3,316	)
Gain on disposals of properties, plants and equipment, net			(2,029	)			(4,554	)
Equity (earnings) losses of affiliates			(131	)			595
Increase (decrease) in cash from changes in certain assets and liabilities:
Trade accounts receivable			(45,346	)			81,917
Inventories			(46,452	)			77,933
Prepaid expenses and other current assets			(8,107	)			8,595
Other long-term assets			(18,178	)			(12,044	)
Accounts payable			(99,809	)			(242,598	)
Accrued payroll and employee benefits			(9,672	)			(40,581	)
Restructuring reserves			595				10,180
Other current liabilities			29,464				(54,041	)
Pension and postretirement benefit liabilities			4,125				(917	)
Other long-term liabilities			(18,944	)			23,453
Other			12,619				41,594
Net cash used in operating activities			(70,051	)			(52,918	)
Cash flows from investing activities:
Acquisitions of companies, net of cash acquired			(114,135	)			(19,201	)
Purchases of properties, plants and equipment			(64,558	)			(53,472	)
Purchases of timber properties			(16,615	)			(600	)
Proceeds from the sale of properties, plants, equipment and other assets			3,927				5,249
Net cash used in investing activities			(191,381	)			(68,024	)
Cash flows from financing activities:
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt			1,625,786				1,974,879
Payments on long-term debt			(1,378,976	)			(1,819,597	)
Proceeds from short-term borrowings, net			35,189				14,361
Dividends paid			(44,100	)			(43,790	)
Acquisitions of treasury stock and other			—				(3,145	)
Exercise of stock options			364				272
Debt issuance cost			—				(8,309	)
Net cash provided by financing activities			238,263				114,671
Effects of exchange rates on cash			(3,694	)			(4,581	)
Net decrease in cash and cash equivalents			(26,863	)			(10,852	)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period			111,896				77,627
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period		$	85,033			$	66,775

See accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

GREIF, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY COMPANIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
April 30, 2010

NOTE 1 — BASIS OF PRESENTATION AND SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Basis of Presentation

The information furnished herein reflects all adjustments which are, in the opinion of management, necessary for a fair presentation of the consolidated balance sheets as of April 30, 2010 and October 31, 2009 and the consolidated statements of operations and cash flows for the three-month and six-month periods ended April 30, 2010 and 2009 of Greif, Inc. and subsidiaries (the “Company”). The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries.

The consolidated financial statements included in the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this “Form 10-Q”) should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for its fiscal year ended October 31, 2009 (the “2009 Form 10-K”) and our Form 8-K filed on May 27, 2010 (the “May 27 Form 8-K”) to update certain sections of the 2009 Form 10-K to reflect revised financial information and disclosures resulting from the application of a change in an accounting principle from using a combination of the last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) and the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) inventory accounting methods to the FIFO method for all the Company’s businesses effective November 1, 2009. All references in this Form 10-Q to the 2009 Form 10-K also include the financial information and disclosures contained in the May 27 Form 8-K. Note 1 of the “Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements” from the 2009 Form 10-K is specifically incorporated in this Form 10-Q by reference. In the opinion of Management, all adjustments necessary for fair presentation of the consolidated financial statements have been included. Except as disclosed elsewhere in this Form 10-Q, all such adjustments are of a normal and recurring nature.

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) instructions to Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and include all of the information and disclosures required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”) for interim financial reporting. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make certain estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual amounts could differ from those estimates.

The Company’s fiscal year begins on November 1 and ends on October 31 of the following year. Any references to the year 2010 or 2009, or to any quarter of those years, relates to the fiscal year or quarter, as the case may be, ending in that year.

Certain and appropriate prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the 2010 presentation. In addition, certain prior year financial information has been adjusted to reflect the Company’s change in inventory accounting discussed in Note 4.

Recent Accounting Standards

In December 2007, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (“SFAS”) No. 141(R), (codified under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 805 “Business Combinations”), which replaces SFAS No. 141. The objective of SFAS No. 141(R) is to improve the relevance, representational faithfulness and comparability of the information that a reporting entity provides in its financial reports about a business combination and its effects. SFAS No. 141(R) establishes principles and requirements for how the acquirer recognizes and measures in its financial statements the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed and any noncontrolling interest in the acquiree; recognizes and measures the goodwill acquired in the business combination or a gain from a bargain purchase; and determines what information to disclose to enable users of the financial statements to evaluate the nature and financial effects of the business combination. SFAS No. 141(R) applies to all transactions or other events in which an entity (the acquirer) obtains control of one or more businesses (the acquiree), including those sometimes referred to as “true mergers” or “mergers of equals” and combinations achieved without the transfer of consideration. SFAS No. 141(R) applies to any acquisition entered into on or after November 1, 2009. The Company adopted the new guidance beginning on November 1, 2009, which impacted the Company’s financial position, results of operations, cash flows and related disclosures.

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Accounting and Reporting of Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, an amendment of ARB No. 51,” (codified under ASC 810 “Consolidation”). The objective of SFAS No. 160 is to improve the relevance, comparability and transparency of the financial information that a reporting entity provides in its consolidated financial statements. SFAS No. 160 amends ARB No. 51 to establish accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. SFAS No. 160 also changes the way the consolidated financial statements are presented, establishes a single method of accounting for changes in a parent’s ownership interest in a subsidiary that do not result in deconsolidation, requires that a parent recognize a gain or loss in net income when a subsidiary is deconsolidated and expands disclosures in the consolidated financial statements that clearly identify and distinguish between the parent’s ownership interest and the interest of the noncontrolling owners of a subsidiary. The provisions of SFAS No. 160 are to be applied prospectively as of the beginning of the fiscal year in which SFAS No. 160 is adopted, except for the presentation and disclosure requirements, which are to be applied retrospectively for all periods presented. The Company adopted the new guidance beginning November 1, 2009, and the adoption of the new guidance did not impact the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows, other than the related disclosures.

In December 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position FAS 132(R)-1, “Employers’ Disclosures About Postretirement Benefit Plan Assets” (“FSP FAS 132(R)-1”) (codified under ASC 715 “Compensation — Retirement Benefits”), to provide guidance on employers’ disclosures about assets of a defined benefit pension or other postretirement plan. FSP FAS 132(R)-1 requires employers to disclose information about fair value measurements of plan assets similar to SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements.” The objectives of the disclosures are to provide an understanding of: (a) how investment allocation decisions are made, including the factors that are pertinent to an understanding of investment policies and strategies, (b) the major categories of plan assets, (c) the inputs and valuation techniques used to measure the fair value of plan assets, (d) the effect of fair value measurements using significant unobservable inputs on changes in plan assets for the period and (e) significant concentrations of risk within plan assets. The Company is in process of evaluating the impact that the adoption of the guidance may have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. However, the Company does not anticipate a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In June 2009, the FASB issued SFAS No. 166, “Accounting for Transfers of Financial Assets—an amendment of FASB Statement No. 140” (not yet codified). The Statement amends SFAS No. 140 to improve the information provided in financial statements concerning transfers of financial assets, including the effects of transfers on financial position, financial performance and cash flows, and any continuing involvement of the transferor with the transferred financial assets. The provisions of SFAS 166 are effective for the Company’s financial statements for the fiscal year beginning November 1, 2010. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact that the adoption of the guidance may have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. However, the Company does not anticipate a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

In June 2009, the FASB issued SFAS No. 167, “Amendments to FASB Interpretation No. 46(R)” (not yet codified). SFAS 167 amends FIN 46(R) to require an enterprise to perform an analysis to determine whether the enterprise’s variable interest or interests give it a controlling financial interest in a variable interest entity. It also amends FIN 46(R) to require enhanced disclosures that will provide users of financial statements with more transparent information about an enterprise’s involvement in a variable interest entity. The provisions of SFAS 167 are effective for the Company’s financial statements for the fiscal year beginning November 1, 2010. The Company is in the process of evaluating the impact that the adoption of SFAS No. 167 may have on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. However, the Company does not anticipate a material impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

NOTE 2 — ACQUISITIONS, DIVESTITURES AND OTHER SIGNIFICANT TRANSACTIONS

On November 1, 2009, the Company adopted SFAS No.  141(R), (codified under ASC 805 “Business Combinations”), which requires the Company to expense all acquisition-related related costs such as accounting and legal due diligence in the period they are incurred. Acquisition-related costs that have been incurred but not yet billed have been accrued in other current liabilities. Previously, these costs were capitalized as part of the purchase price of an acquisition. Upon adoption, $6.1 million was expensed for acquisition-related costs incurred prior to November 1, 2009 which were previously accumulated in the consolidated balance sheet for acquisitions not consummated by October 31, 2009.

During the first six months of 2010, the Company completed acquisitions of one rigid industrial packaging company, one flexible products company, and made a contingent purchase price payment related to a 2008 rigid industrial packaging acquisition. The two 2010 acquisitions consisted of the acquisition of a European rigid industrial packaging company in November 2009 and the acquisition of a European flexible products company in February 2010. The aggregate purchase price for the two 2010 acquisitions was less than $150 million. The rigid industrial packaging acquisition is expected to complement the Company’s existing product lines that together will provide growth opportunities and economies of scale. The flexible products acquisition expands the Company into a new product offering.

During 2009, the Company completed acquisitions of five rigid industrial packaging companies and one paper packaging company and made a contingent purchase price payment related to a 2005 acquisition for an aggregate purchase price of $90.8 million. These six acquisitions consisted of two North American rigid industrial packaging companies in February 2009, the acquisition of a North American rigid industrial packaging company in June 2009, the acquisition of a rigid industrial packaging company in Asia in July 2009, the acquisition of a South American rigid industrial packaging company in October 2009, and the acquisition of a 75 percent interest in a North American paper packaging company in October 2009. These rigid industrial packaging and paper packaging acquisitions complemented the Company’s existing product lines and provided growth opportunities and economies of scale. These acquisitions, included in operating results from the acquisition dates, were accounted for using the purchase method of accounting and, accordingly, the purchase prices were allocated to the assets purchased and liabilities assumed based upon their estimated fair values at the dates of acquisition. The estimated fair values of the net assets acquired were $27.2 million (including $8.4 million of accounts receivable and $4.4 million of inventory) and liabilities assumed were $20.7 million. Identifiable intangible assets, with a combined fair value of $34.5 million, including trade-names, customer relationships, and certain non-compete agreements, have been recorded for these acquisitions. The excess of the purchase prices over the estimated fair values of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired of $49.8 million was recorded as goodwill. The final allocation of the purchase prices may differ due to additional refinements in the fair values of the net assets acquired as well as the execution of consolidation plans to eliminate duplicate operations, in accordance with SFAS No. 141, “Business Combinations.” This is due to the valuation of certain other assets and liabilities that are subject to refinement and therefore the actual fair value may vary from the preliminary estimates. Adjustments to the acquired net assets resulting from final valuations are not expected to be significant. The Company is finalizing certain closing date adjustments with the sellers, as well as the allocation of income tax adjustments.

The Company implemented a restructuring plan for one of the 2009 acquisitions above. The Company’s restructuring activities, which were accounted for in accordance with Emerging Task Force Issue No. 95-3, “Recognition of Liabilities in Connection with a Purchase Business Combination” (“EITF 95-3”), primarily included exit costs associated with the consolidation of facilities, facility relocation, and the reduction of excess capacity. In connection with these restructuring activities, as part of the cost of the above acquisition, the Company established reserves, primarily for excess facilities, in the amount of $1.7 million, of which $0.8 million remains in the restructuring reserve at April 30, 2010.

Had the transactions occurred on November 1, 2008, results of operations would not have differed materially from reported results.

NOTE 3 — SALE OF NON-UNITED STATES ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE

Pursuant to the terms of a Receivable Purchase Agreement (the “RPA”) dated October 28, 2004 between Greif Coordination Center BVBA, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Greif, Inc., and a major international bank, the seller agreed to sell trade receivables meeting certain eligibility requirements that seller had purchased from other indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries of Greif, Inc., including Greif Belgium BVBA, Greif Germany GmbH, Greif Nederland BV, Greif Spain SA and Greif UK Ltd, under discounted receivables purchase agreements and from Greif France SAS under a factoring agreement. The RPA was amended on October 28, 2005 to include receivables originated by Greif Portugal Lda, also an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Greif, Inc. In addition, on October 28, 2005, Greif Italia S.P.A., also an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Greif, Inc., entered into the Italian Receivables Purchase Agreement with the Italian branch of the major international bank (the “Italian RPA”) with Greif Italia S.P.A., agreeing to sell trade receivables that meet certain eligibility criteria to the Italian branch of the major international bank. The Italian RPA is similar in structure and terms as the RPA. The RPA was amended April 30, 2007 to include receivables oriented by Greif Packaging Belgium NV, Greif Packaging France SAS and Greif Packaging Spain SA, all wholly-owned subsidiaries of Greif, Inc. The maximum amount of receivables that may be sold under the RPA and the Italian RPA is €115 million ($151.5 million) at April 30, 2010.

In October 2007, Greif Singapore Pte. Ltd., an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Greif Inc., entered into the Singapore Receivable Purchase Agreement (the “Singapore RPA”) with a major international bank. The maximum amount of aggregate receivables that may be sold under the Singapore RPA is 15.0 million Singapore Dollars ($10.9 million) at April 30, 2010.

In October 2008, Greif Embalagens Industriais do Brasil Ltda., an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Greif Inc., entered into agreements (the “Brazil Agreements”) with Brazilian banks. There is no maximum amount of aggregate receivables that may be sold under the Brazil Agreements; however, the sale of individual receivables is subject to approval by the banks.

In May 2009, an indirect wholly-owned Malaysian subsidiary of Greif, Inc., entered into the Malaysian Receivables Purchase Agreement (the “Malaysian Agreements”) with Malaysian banks. The maximum amount of the aggregate receivables that may be sold under the Malaysian Agreements is 15.0 million Malaysian Ringgits ($4.7 million at April 30, 2010).

The structure of the transactions provide for a legal true sale, on a revolving basis, of the receivables transferred from the various Greif, Inc. subsidiaries to the respective banks. The bank funds an initial purchase price of a certain percentage of eligible receivables based on a formula with the initial purchase price approximating 75 percent to 90 percent of eligible receivables. The remaining deferred purchase price is settled upon collection of the receivables. At the balance sheet reporting dates, the Company removes from accounts receivable the amount of proceeds received from the initial purchase price since they meet the applicable criteria of SFAS No. 140, “Accounting for Transfers and Servicing of Financial Assets and Extinguishments of Liabilities” (codified under ASC 860 “Transfers and Servicing”), and continues to recognize the deferred purchase price in its accounts receivable. The receivables are sold on a non-recourse basis with the total funds in the servicing collection accounts pledged to the banks between settlement dates.

At April 30, 2010 and October 31, 2009, €84.8 million ($111.8 million) and €77.0 million ($114.0 million), respectively, of accounts receivable were sold under the RPA and Italian RPA. At April 30, 2010 and October 31, 2009, 5.8 million Singapore Dollars ($4.2 million) and 5.6 million Singapore Dollars ($4.0 million), respectively, of accounts receivable were sold under the Singapore RPA. At April 30, 2010 and October 31, 2009, 17.7 million Brazilian Reais ($10.0 million) and 13.3 million Brazilian Reais ($7.6 million), respectively, of accounts receivable were sold under the Brazil Agreements. At April 30, 2010 and October 31, 2009, 5.8 million Malaysian Ringgits ($1.8 million) and 6.3 million Malaysian Ringgits ($1.8 million), respectively, of accounts receivable were sold under the Malaysian Agreements.

At the time the receivables are initially sold, the difference between the carrying amount and the fair value of the assets sold are included as a loss on sale in the consolidated statements of operations.

Expenses, primarily related to the loss on sale of receivables, associated with the RPA and Italian RPA totaled €0.7 million ($0.9 million) and €0.7 million ($0.9 million) for the three months ended April 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively; and €1.4 million ($1.9 million) and €2.1 million ($2.7 million) for the six months ended April 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively.

Expenses associated with the Singapore RPA totaled 0.1 million Singapore Dollars ($0.1 million) for the three months ended April 30, 2010 and were insignificant for the three months ended April 30, 2009; and 0.2 million ($0.2 million) for the six months ended April 30, 2010 and were insignificant for the six months ended April 30, 2009.

Expenses associated with the Brazil Agreements totaled 1.0 million Brazilian Reais ($0.6 million) for the three months ended April 30, 2010 and were insignificant for the three months ended April 30, 2009; and 2.1 million ($1.2 million) for the six months ended April 30, 2010 and were insignificant for the six months ended April 30, 2009.

Expenses associated with the Malaysian Agreements were insignificant for the three months ended April 30, 2010 and the six months ended April 30, 2010. There were no expenses for the three months ended April 30, 2009 or six months ended April 30, 2010 as the Malaysian Agreement did not commence until May 2009

Additionally, the Company performs collections and administrative functions on the receivables sold similar to the procedures it uses for collecting all of its receivables, including receivables that are not sold under the RPA, the Italian RPA, the Singapore RPA, the Brazil Agreements, and the Malaysian Agreements. The servicing liability for these receivables is not material to the consolidated financial statements.

NOTE 4 — INVENTORIES

On November 1, 2009, the Company elected to adopt the FIFO method of inventory valuation for all locations, whereas in all prior years inventory for certain U.S. locations was valued using the LIFO method. The Company believes that the FIFO method of inventory valuation is preferable because 1) the change conforms to a single method of accounting for all of the Company’s inventories on a U.S. and global basis, 2) the change simplifies financial disclosures, 3) financial statement comparability and analysis for investors and analysts is improved, and 4) the majority of the Company’s key competitors use FIFO. The comparative consolidated financial statements of prior periods presented have been adjusted to apply the new accounting method retrospectively. The change in accounting principle is reported through retrospective application as described in ASC 250, “Accounting Changes and Error Corrections.”

The following consolidated statement of operations line items for the three and six-month periods ended April 30, 2009 were affected by the change in accounting principle:

		For the three months ended April 30, 2009												For the six months ended April 30, 2009
		As Originally												As Originally
		Reported				Adjustments				As Adjusted				Reported				Adjustments				As Adjusted
Cost of products sold		$	533,815			$	17,222			$	551,037			$	1,099,520			$	22,976			$	1,122,496
Gross profit			114,082				(17,222	)			96,860				214,637				(22,976	)		$	191,661
Operating profit			30,329				(17,222	)			13,107				47,591				(22,976	)		$	24,615
Income tax expense (benefit)			5,960				(6,632	)			(672	)			6,926				(8,848	)		$	(1,922	)
Net income (loss) attributable to Greif, Inc.			12,142				(10,589	)			1,553				13,408				(14,127	)		$	(719	)

The following consolidated balance sheet line items at October 31, 2009 were affected by the change in accounting principle:

		As Originally
		Reported				Adjustments				As Adjusted
Inventory		$	227,432			$	11,419			$	238,851
Total assets		$	2,812,510			$	11,419			$	2,823,929
Deferred tax liabilities		$	156,755			$	4,397			$	161,152
Total liabilities		$	1,712,940			$	4,397			$	1,717,337
Retained earnings		$	1,199,592			$	7,022			$	1,206,614
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity		$	2,812,510			$	11,419			$	2,823,929

NOTE 5 — NET ASSETS HELD FOR SALE

Net assets held for sale represent land, buildings and land improvements for locations that have met the criteria of “held for sale” accounting, as specified by SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets” (codified under ASC 360 “Property, Plant, and Equipment”). As of April 30, 2010, there were fourteen facilities held for sale. The net assets held for sale are being marketed for sale and it is the Company’s intention to complete the facility sales within the upcoming year.

NOTE 6 — GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS

The Company either annually or when events and circumstances indicate an impairment may have occurred reviews goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment as required by SFAS No. 142 “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” (codified under ASC 350 “Intangibles — Goodwill and Other”). The following table summarizes the changes in the carrying amount of goodwill by segment for the six month period ended April 30, 2010 (Dollars in thousands):

		Rigid
		Industrial				Flexible
		Packaging				Products				Paper				Land
		and Services				and Services				Packaging				Management				Total
Balance at October 31, 2009		$	530,717			$	—			$	61,400			$	—			$	592,117
Goodwill acquired			24,810				12,756				—				150				37,716
Goodwill adjustments			2,660				—				(1,075	)			—				1,585
Currency translation			(14,257	)			—				—				—				(14,257	)
Balance at April 30, 2010		$	543,930			$	12,756			$	60,325			$	150			$	617,161

The goodwill acquired of $37.7 million consists of preliminary goodwill related to an acquisition in the Rigid Industrial Packaging and Services segment in our first quarter and an acquisition in the Flexible Products and Services segment in our second quarter. The goodwill adjustments represent a net increase in goodwill of $1.6 million consisted of a $3.4 million contingent payment relating to a 2008 acquisition with the remainder being purchase price adjustments for six of the 2009 acquisitions.

The detail of other intangible assets by class as of April 30, 2010 and October 31, 2009 are as follows (Dollars in thousands):

		Gross
		Intangible				Accumulated				Net Intangible
		Assets				Amortization				Assets
April 30, 2010:
Trademark and patents		$	40,447			$	16,301			$	24,146
Non-compete agreements			18,242				6,316				11,926
Customer relationships			127,518				21,585				105,933
Other			14,856				5,681				9,175
Total		$	201,063			$	49,883			$	151,180
October 31, 2009:
Trademark and patents		$	35,081			$	15,457			$	19,624
Non-compete agreements			18,842				6,143				12,699
Customer relationships			110,298				17,190				93,108
Other			11,018				5,079				5,939
Total		$	175,239			$	43,869			$	131,370

Gross intangible assets increased by $25.8 million on a period over period basis. The increase in gross intangible assets is comprised of $3.0 million in final purchase price allocations related to the 2009 acquisitions in the Rigid Industrial Packaging and Services and Paper Packaging segments, $26.7 million in preliminary purchase price allocations related to 2010 acquisitions in the Rigid Industrial Packaging and Services and Flexible Products and Services segments and a $3.9 million decrease due to currency fluctuations both related to the Rigid Industrial Packaging and Services segment. Amortization expense for the six-months ended April 30, 2010 and 2009 was $6.7 million and $5.3 million, respectively. Amortization expense for the next five years is expected to be $17.8 million in 2011, $17.6 million in 2012, $14.4 million in 2013, $12.0 million in 2014 and $11.4 million in 2015.

All intangible assets for the periods presented are subject to amortization and are being amortized using the straight-line method over periods that range from five to 23 years, except for $12.2 million related to the Tri-Sure trademark, and the tradenames related to Blagden Express, Closed-loop, and Box Board, all of which have indefinite lives.

NOTE 7 — RESTRUCTURING CHARGES

The focus for restructuring activities in 2010 continues to be on business realignment to address the adverse impact resulting from the sharp decline in 2009 business throughout the global economy, acquisition-related integration and further implementation of the Greif Business System. During the first six months of 2010, the Company recorded restructuring charges of $10.8 million, which compares to $47.5 million of restructuring charges during the first six months of 2009. The restructuring activity for the six month period ended April 30, 2010 consisted of $6.7 million in employee separation costs, $0.2 million in asset impairments and $3.9 million in other costs. Three locations within the Rigid Industrial Packaging and Services segment were closed and the total number of employees severed during the first six months of 2010 was eleven. The restructuring activity for the six month period ended April 30, 2009 consisted of $25.1 million in employee separation costs, $11.6 million in asset impairments and $10.8 million in other costs. In addition, during that period there was a restructuring-related inventory charge for $9.3 million recorded in cost of products sold. Thirteen company-owned plants in the Rigid Industrial Packaging and Services segment were closed and the total employees severed during the first six months of 2009 were 1,124.

For each relevant business segment, costs incurred in 2010 are as follows (Dollars in thousands):

		Amounts
		Expected to be				Three months ended				Six months ended				Amounts Remaining
		Incurred				April 30, 2010				April 30, 2010				to be Incurred
Rigid Industrial Packaging and Services
Employee separation costs		$	9,602			$	2,396			$	6,698			$	2,904
Asset impairments			238				32				238				—
Professional fees			1,615				1,225				1,225				390
Other restructuring costs			19,258				1,102				2,550				16,708
			30,713				4,755				10,711				20,002
Paper Packaging
Other restructuring costs			113				72				113				—
			113				72				113				—
		$	30,826			$	4,827			$	10,824			$	20,002

Total amounts expected to be incurred above are from open restructuring plans which are anticipated to be realized in 2010 and 2011 or plans that are being formulated and have not been announced as of the date of this Form 10-Q.

The following is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending restructuring reserve balances for the six month period ended April 30, 2010 (Dollars in thousands):

		Cash Charges								Non-cash Charges
		Employee
		Separation								Asset
		Costs				Other Costs				Impairments				Total
Balance at October 31, 2009		$	9,239			$	6,076			$	—			$	15,315
Costs incurred and charged to expense			6,698				3,888				238				10,824
Costs paid or otherwise settled			(6,717	)			(3,274	)			(238	)			(10,229	)
Balance at April 30, 2010		$	9,220			$	6,690			$	—			$	15,910

NOTE 8 — SIGNIFICANT NONSTRATEGIC TIMBERLAND TRANSACTIONS AND CONSOLIDATION OF VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

On March 28, 2005, Soterra LLC (a wholly owned subsidiary) entered into two real estate purchase and sale agreements with Plum Creek Timberlands, L.P. (“Plum Creek”) to sell approximately 56,000 acres of timberland and related assets located primarily in Florida for an aggregate sales price of approximately $90 million, subject to closing adjustments. In connection with the closing of one of these agreements, Soterra LLC sold approximately 35,000 acres of timberland and associated assets in Florida, Georgia and Alabama for $51.0 million, resulting in a pretax gain of $42.1 million, on May 23, 2005. The purchase price was paid in the form of cash and a $50.9 million purchase note payable by an indirect subsidiary of Plum Creek (the “Purchase Note”). Soterra LLC contributed the Purchase Note to STA Timber LLC (“STA Timber”), one of the Company’s indirect wholly owned subsidiaries. The Purchase Note is secured by a Deed of Guarantee issued by Bank of America, N.A., London Branch, in an amount not to exceed $52.3 million (the “Deed of Guarantee”), as a guarantee of the due and punctual payment of principal and interest on the Purchase Note.

The Company completed the second phase of these transactions in the first quarter of 2006. In this phase, the Company sold 15,300 acres of timberland holdings in Florida for $29.3 million in cash, resulting in a pre-tax gain of $27.4 million. The final phase of this transaction, approximately 5,700 acres sold for $9.7 million, occurred on April 28, 2006 and the Company recognized additional timberland gains in its consolidated statements of operations in the periods that these transactions occurred resulting in a pre-tax gain of $9.0 million.

On May 31, 2005, STA Timber issued in a private placement its 5.20% Senior Secured Notes due August 5, 2020 (the “Monetization Notes”) in the principal amount of $43.3 million. In connection with the sale of the Monetization Notes, STA Timber entered into note purchase agreements with the purchasers of the Monetization Notes (the “Note Purchase Agreements”) and related documentation. The Monetization Notes are secured by a pledge of the Purchase Note and the Deed of Guarantee. The Monetization Notes may be accelerated in the event of a default in payment or a breach of the other obligations set forth therein or in the Note Purchase Agreements or related documents, subject in certain cases to any applicable cure periods, or upon the occurrence of certain insolvency or bankruptcy related events. The Monetization Notes are subject to a mechanism that may cause them, subject to certain conditions, to be extended to November 5, 2020. The proceeds from the sale of the Monetization Notes were primarily used for the repayment of indebtedness.

In addition, Greif, Inc. and its other subsidiaries have not extended any form of guaranty of the principal or interest on the Monetization Notes. Accordingly, Greif, Inc. and its other subsidiaries will not become directly or contingently liable for the payment of the Monetization Notes at any time.

The Company has consolidated the assets and liabilities of the buyer-sponsored special purpose entity (the “Buyer SPE”) involved in these transactions as the result of FIN 46(R). However, because the Buyer SPE is a separate and distinct legal entity from the Company, the assets of the Buyer SPE are not available to satisfy the liabilities and obligations of the Company and its other subsidiaries and the liabilities of the Buyer SPE are not liabilities or obligations of the Company and its other subsidiaries.

Assets of the Buyer SPE at April 30, 2010 and October 31, 2009 consist of restricted bank financial instruments of $50.9 million. STA Timber had long-term debt of $43.3 million as of April 30, 2010 and October 31, 2009. STA Timber is exposed to credit-related losses in the event of nonperformance by the issuer of the Deed of Guarantee. The accompanying consolidated statements of operations for the six month periods ended April 30, 2010 and October 31, 2009 includes interest expense on STA Timber debt of $2.3 million per year and interest income on Buyer SPE investments of $2.4 million per year.

NOTE 9 — LONG-TERM DEBT

Long-term debt is summarized as follows (Dollars in thousands):

		April 30, 2010				October 31, 2009
$700 Million Credit Agreement		$	318,009			$	192,494
Senior Notes due 2017			300,000				300,000
Senior Notes due 2019			240,208				241,729
Trade accounts receivable credit facility			108,600				—
Other long-term debt			8,166				4,385
			974,983				738,608
Less current portion			(20,000	)			(17,500	)
Long-term debt		$	954,983			$	721,108

$700 Million Credit Agreement

On February 19, 2009, the Company and Greif International Holding B.V., as borrowers, entered into a $700 million Senior Secured Credit Agreement (the “Credit Agreement”) with a syndicate of financial institutions. The Credit Agreement provides for a $500 million revolving multicurrency credit facility and a $200 million term loan, both maturing in February 2012, with an option to add $200 million to the facilities with the agreement of the lenders. The $200 million term loan is scheduled to amortize by $2.5 million each quarter-end for the first four quarters, $5.0 million each quarter-end for the next eight quarters and $150.0 million on the maturity date. The Credit Agreement is available to fund ongoing working capital and capital expenditure needs, for general corporate purposes, to finance acquisitions, and to repay amounts outstanding under the previous $450 million credit agreement. Interest is based on a Eurodollar rate or a base rate that resets periodically plus a calculated margin amount. As of April 30, 2010, $318.0 million was outstanding under the Credit Agreement. The current portion of the Credit Agreement is $20.0 million and the long-term portion is $298.0 million. The weighted average interest rate on the Credit Agreement was 3.14% for the six months ended April 30, 2010 and the interest rate was 3.26% at April 30, 2010.

The Credit Agreement contains financial covenants that require the Company to maintain a certain leverage ratio and a fixed charge coverage ratio. At April 30, 2010, the Company was in compliance with these covenants.

Senior Notes due 2017

On February 9, 2007, the Company issued $300.0 million of 6.75% Senior Notes due February 1, 2017. Interest on these Senior Notes is payable semi-annually. Proceeds from the issuance of these Senior Notes were principally used to fund the purchase of previously outstanding 8.875% Senior Subordinated Notes in a tender offer and for general corporate purposes.

The fair value of these Senior Notes due 2017 was $303.0 million at April 30, 2010 based upon quoted market prices. The Indenture pursuant to which these Senior Notes were issued contains certain covenants. At April 30, 2010, the Company was in compliance with these covenants.

Senior Notes due 2019

On July 28, 2009, the Company issued $250.0 million of 7.75% Senior Notes due August 1, 2019. Interest on these Senior Notes is payable semi-annually. Proceeds from the issuance of Senior Notes were principally used for general corporate purposes, including the repayment of amounts outstanding under the Company’s revolving multicurrency credit facility, without any permanent reduction of the commitments.

The fair value of these Senior Notes due 2019 was $263.8 million at April 30, 2010 based upon quoted market prices. The Indenture pursuant to which these Senior Notes were issued contains certain covenants. At April 30, 2010, the Company was in compliance with these covenants.

United States Trade Accounts Receivable Credit Facility

On December 8, 2008, the Company entered into a $135.0 million trade accounts receivable credit facility with a financial institution and its affiliate, with a maturity date of December 8, 2013, subject to earlier termination of their purchase commitment on December 6, 2010, or such later date to which the purchase commitment may be extended by agreement of the parties. The credit facility is secured by certain of the Company’s trade accounts receivable in the United States and bears interest at a variable rate based on the applicable commercial paper rate plus a margin or other agreed-upon rate (1.75% at April 30, 2010). In addition, the Company can terminate the credit facility at any time upon five days prior written notice. A significant portion of the initial proceeds from this credit facility were used to pay the obligations under the previous trade accounts receivable credit facility (the “Prior Facility”), which was terminated. The remaining proceeds were and will be used to pay certain fees, costs and expenses incurred in connection with the credit facility and for working capital and general corporate purposes. At April 30, 2010, there was $108.6 million outstanding under the Receivables Facility. The agreement for this receivables financing facility contains financial covenants that require the Company to maintain a certain leverage ratio and a fixed charge coverage ratio. At April 30, 2010, the Company was in compliance with these covenants.

Greif Receivables Funding LLC (“GRF”), an indirect subsidiary of the Company, has participated in the purchase and transfer of receivables in connection with these credit facilities and is included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements. However, because GRF is a separate and distinct legal entity from the Company and its other subsidiaries, the assets of GRF are not available to satisfy the liabilities and obligations of the Company and its other subsidiaries, and the liabilities of GRF are not the liabilities or obligations of the Company and its other subsidiaries. This entity purchases and services the Company’s trade accounts receivable that are subject to these credit facilities.

Other

In addition to the amounts borrowed under the Credit Agreement and proceeds from these Senior Notes and the United States Trade Accounts Receivable Credit Facility, at April 30, 2010, the Company had outstanding other debt of $57.1 million, comprised of $8.2 million in long-term debt and $48.9 million in short-term borrowings, compared to other debt outstanding of $24.0 million, comprised of $4.4 million in long-term debt and $19.6 million in short-term borrowings, at October 31, 2009.

At April 30, 2010, the current portion of the Company’s long-term debt was $20.0 million. Annual maturities, including the current portion, of long-term debt under the Company’s various financing arrangements were $10.0 million in 2010, $28.2 million in 2011, $288.0 million in 2012, $108.6 million in 2013 and $540.2 million thereafter.

At April 30, 2010 and October 31, 2009, the Company had deferred financing fees and debt issuance costs of $12.9 million and $14.9 million, respectively, which are included in other long-term assets.

NOTE 10 — FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS

In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements” (codified under ASC 820 “Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures”). SFAS No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value in GAAP and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. Additionally, this guidance established a three-level fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used to measure fair value. This hierarchy requires entities to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs.

The three levels of inputs used to measure fair values are as follows:

Level 1 —		Observable inputs such as unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
Level 2 —		Observable inputs other than quoted prices in active markets for identical assets and liabilities.
Level 3 —		Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets and liabilities.

Recurring Fair Value Measurements

The following table presents the fair values adjustments for those assets and (liabilities) measured on a recurring basis as of April 30, 2010:

		Fair Value Measurement																Balance sheet
(in thousands)		Level 1				Level 2				Level 3				Total				Location
Cross-Currency Interest Rate Swaps		$	—			$	8,706				—			$	8,706			Other long-term assets
Interest Rate Derivatives			(27	)			—				—			$	(27	)		Other long-term liabilities
Foreign Exchange Hedges			(1,413	)			—				—			$	(1,413	)		Other current liabilities
Energy Hedges			(618	)			—				—			$	(618	)		Other current liabilities
Total*			(2,058	)			8,706				—				6,648

Derivatives and Hedging Activity

The Company uses derivatives from time to time to partially mitigate the effect of exposure to interest rate movements, exposure to currency fluctuations, and energy cost fluctuations. Under SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” (codified under ASC 815 “Derivatives and Hedging”), all derivatives are to be recognized as assets or liabilities in the balance sheet and measured at fair value. Changes in the fair value of derivatives are recognized in either net income or in other comprehensive income, depending on the designated purpose of the derivative.

While the Company may be exposed to credit losses in the event of nonperformance by the counterparties to its derivative financial instrument contracts, its counterparties are established banks and financial institutions with high credit ratings. The Company has no reason to believe that such counterparties will not be able to fully satisfy their obligations under these contracts.

During the next six months, the Company expects to reclassify into earnings a net gain from accumulated other comprehensive gain of approximately $3.1 million after tax at the time the underlying hedge transactions are realized.

Cross-Currency Interest Rate Swaps

The Company has entered into cross-currency interest rate swaps which are designated as a hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation. Under these agreements, the Company receives interest semi-annually from the counterparties equal to a fixed rate of 6.75% on $200.0 million and pays interest at a fixed rate of 6.25% on €146.6 million. Observable Level 2 inputs are based on the present value of expected future cash flows calculated using foreign exchange rates adjusted for counterparty credit risk. Upon maturity of these swaps on August 1, 2010, and August 1, 2012, the Company will be required to pay €73.3 million to the counterparties and receive $100.0 million from the counterparties on each of these dates. The other comprehensive gain on these agreements was $8.7 million and a loss of $14.6 million at April 30, 2010 and October 31, 2009, respectively.

Interest Rate Derivatives

The Company has interest rate swap agreements with various maturities through 2017. The interest rate swap agreements are used to fix a portion of the interest on the Company’s variable rate debt. Under certain of these agreements, the Company receives interest monthly, and semi-annually from the counterparties equal to LIBOR or a fixed rate and pays interest at LIBOR plus a margin or a fixed rate over the life of the contracts.

The Company has two interest rate derivatives (floating to fixed swaps recorded as cash flow hedges) with a total notional amount of $125 million. Under these agreements, the Company receives a variable interest rate from the counterparty (weighted average of 0.27% at April 30, 2010 and 0.25% at October 31, 2009) and pays a fixed interest rate (weighted average of 1.78% at April 30, 2010 and 2.71% at October 31, 2009).

In the first quarter of 2010, the Company entered into a $100.0 million fixed to floating swap which is recorded as a fair value hedge. Under this agreement, the Company receives interest from the counterparty equal to a fixed rate of 6.75% and pays interest at a variable rate (3.78% at April 30, 2010) on a semi-annual basis.

Foreign Exchange Hedges

At April 30, 2010, the Company had outstanding foreign currency forward contracts in the notional amount of $130.4 million ($70.5 million at October 31, 2009). The purpose of these contracts is to hedge the Company’s exposure to foreign currency transactions and short-term intercompany loan balances in its international businesses. The fair value of these contracts at April 30, 2010 resulted in a loss of $1.5 million recorded in the consolidated statements of operations and a gain of $0.1 million recorded in other comprehensive income. The fair value of similar contracts at October 31, 2009 resulted in a loss of $0.1 million recorded in the consolidated statements of operations.

Energy Hedges

The Company has entered into certain cash flow hedges to mitigate its exposure to cost fluctuations in natural gas prices through October 31, 2010. Under these agreements, the Company agrees to purchase natural gas at a fixed price. At April 30, 2010, the notional amount these hedges was $558.9 million ($449.5 million at October 31, 2009). The other comprehensive loss on these agreements was $0.6 million at April 30, 2010 and a loss of $0.6 million at October 31, 2009. As a result of the high correlation between the hedged instruments and the underlying transactions, ineffectiveness has not had a material impact on the Company’s consolidated statements of operations for the quarter ended April 30, 2010.

Other financial instruments

The estimated fair values of the Company’s long-term debt were $1,001.5 million and $744.9 million compared to the carrying amounts of $975.0 million and $738.6 million at April 30, 2010 and October 31, 2009, respectively. The current portion of the long-term debt was $20.0 million and $17.5 million at April 30, 2010 and October 31, 2009, respectively. The fair values of the Company’s long-term obligations are estimated based on either the quoted market prices for the same or similar issues or the current interest rates offered for debt of the same remaining maturities.

Non-Recurring Fair Value Measurements

The Company has reviewed its non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities for fair value treatment under the current guidance.

Net Assets Held for Sale

Net assets held for sale are considered level three inputs which include recent purchase offers, market comparables and/or data obtained from commercial real estate brokers. As of April 30, 2010, the Company has not recognized impairments related to the net assets held for sale.

Long-Lived Assets

As part of the Company’s restructuring plans following current and future acquisitions, the Company may shut down manufacturing facilities during the next few years. The long-lived assets are considered level three inputs which were valued based on bids received from third parties and using discounted cash flow analysis based on assumptions that the Company believes market participants would use. Key inputs included anticipated revenues, associated manufacturing costs, capital expenditures and discount, growth and tax rates. As of April 30, 2010, the Company recorded $0.2 million of restructuring related expenses associated with impairments related to long-lived assets.

Goodwill

On an annual basis, the Company performs its impairment tests for goodwill as defined under SFAS No. 142, (codified under ASC 350 “Intangibles — Goodwill and Other”). As a result of this review during 2009, the Company concluded that no impairment existed at that time. As of April 30, 2010, the Company has concluded that no impairment exists.

NOTE 11 — STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

On November 1, 2005, the Company adopted SFAS No. 123(R), “Share-Based Payment” (codified under ASC 718 “Compensation — Stock Compensation”), which requires companies to estimate the fair value of share-based awards on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations over the requisite service periods. The Company uses the straight-line single option method of expensing stock options to recognize compensation expense in its consolidated statements of operations for all share-based awards. Because share-based compensation expense is based on awards that are ultimately expected to vest, share-based compensation expense will be reduced to account for estimated forfeitures. SFAS No. 123(R) requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. No options have been granted in 2010 and 2009. For any options granted in the future, compensation expense will be based on the grant date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 123(R). There was no share-based compensation expense recognized under SFAS No. 123(R) for the first six months of 2010 or 2009.

NOTE 12 — INCOME TAXES

The quarterly effective tax rate was 19.1% and (76.4%) in the second quarter of 2010 and 2009, respectively. The year to date effective tax rate was 19.5% and (120.2%) in the first half of 2010 and 2009, respectively. The change in the effective tax rate is primarily due to a change in the forecasted mix of income in the United States versus outside the United States for the respective periods.

The Company applies FASB Interpretation No. (“FIN”) 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes,” FIN 48 is an interpretation of SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes,” and clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income tax positions (codified under ASC 740 “Income Taxes”). FIN 48 prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement process for recording in the financial statements uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. Additionally, FIN 48 provides guidance regarding uncertain tax positions relating to de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition.

The Company has estimated the reasonably possible expected net change in unrecognized tax benefits through April 30, 2011 based on expected settlements or payments of uncertain tax positions, and lapses of the applicable statutes of limitations of unrecognized tax benefits. The Company estimates that the range of possible change in unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months is a decrease of approximately zero to $2.8 million. Actual results may differ materially from this estimate.

The Company’s uncertain tax positions for the six months ended April 30, 2010 were reduced by approximately $1.7 million due to settlement with tax authorities. There were no other significant changes in the Company’s uncertain tax positions for this period.

NOTE 13 — RETIREMENT PLANS AND POSTRETIREMENT HEALTH CARE AND LIFE INSURANCE BENEFITS

The components of net periodic pension cost include the following (Dollars in thousands):

		Three months ended								Six months ended
		April 30								April 30
		2010				2009				2010				2009
Service cost		$	2,293			$	1,842			$	4,586			$	3,684
Interest cost			3,998				4,143				7,996				8,286
Expected return on plan assets			(4,524	)			(4,398	)			(9,048	)			(8,796	)
Amortization of prior service cost, initial net asset and net actuarial gain			1,700				288				3,400				576
Net periodic pension costs		$	3,467			$	1,875			$	6,934			$	3,750

The Company made $8.6 million in pension contributions in the six months ended April 30, 2010. The Company estimates $17.1 million of pension contributions for the entire 2010 fiscal year.

The components of net periodic cost for postretirement benefits include the following (Dollars in thousands):

		Three months ended								Six months ended
		April 30								April 30
		2010				2009				2010				2009
Service cost		$	1			$	—			$	2			$	—
Interest cost			283				374				566				748
Amortization of prior service cost and recognized actuarial gain			(251	)			(283	)			(502	)			(566	)
Net periodic cost for postretirement benefits		$	33			$	91			$	66			$	182

NOTE 14 — CONTINGENT LIABILITIES

Various lawsuits, claims and proceedings have been or may be instituted or asserted against the Company, including those pertaining to environmental, product liability and safety and health matters. While the amounts claimed may be substantial, the ultimate liability cannot now be determined because of considerable uncertainties that exist. Therefore, it is possible that results of operations or liquidity in a particular period could be materially affected by certain contingencies.

All lawsuits, claims and proceedings are considered by the Company in establishing reserves for contingencies in accordance with SFAS No. 5, “Accounting for Contingencies” (codified under ASC 450 “Contingencies”). In accordance with the provisions of this standard, the Company accrues for a litigation-related liability when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Based on currently available information known to the Company, the Company believes that its reserves for these litigation-related liabilities are reasonable and that the ultimate outcome of any pending matters is not likely to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position or results from operations.

The most significant contingencies of the Company relate to environmental liabilities. The following is additional information with respect to these matters.

At April 30, 2010 and October 31, 2009, the Company had recorded liabilities of $31.4 million and $33.4 million, respectively, for estimated environmental remediation costs. The liabilities were recorded on an undiscounted basis and are included in other long-term liabilities. At April 30, 2010 and October 31, 2009, the Company had recorded an environmental liability reserves of $17.5 million and $17.9 million, respectively, for its blending facility in Chicago, Illinois; $9.5 million and $10.9 million, respectively, for various European drum facilities acquired in November 2006; and $3.0 million and $3.4 million, respectively, related to our facility in Lier, Belgium. These reserves are principally based on environmental studies and cost estimates provided by third parties, but also take into account management estimates.

The Company had no recorded legal liabilities at April 30, 2010 and October 31, 2009. The prior period liability represents asserted and unasserted litigation, claims and/or assessments at some of its manufacturing sites and other locations where it believes the outcome of such matters will be unfavorable to the Company. These environmental liabilities were not individually material. The Company only reserves for those unasserted claims that it believes are probable of being asserted at some time in the future. The liabilities recorded are based upon an evaluation of currently available facts with respect to each individual site, including the results of environmental studies and testing, and considering existing technology, presently enacted laws and regulations, and prior experience in remediation of contaminated sites. The Company initially provides for the estimated cost of environmental-related activities when costs can be reasonably estimated. If the best estimate of costs can only be identified as a range and no specific amount within that range can be determined more likely than any other amount within the range, the minimum of the range is accrued.

The estimated liabilities are reduced to reflect the anticipated participation of other potentially responsible parties in those instances where it is probable that such parties are legally responsible and financially capable of paying their respective shares of relevant costs. For sites that involve formal actions subject to joint and several liability, these actions have formal agreements in place to apportion the liability. The Company’s potential future obligations for environmental contingencies related to facilities acquired in the 2001 Van Leer Industrial Packaging acquisition may, under certain circumstances, be reduced by insurance coverage and seller cost sharing provisions. In connection with that acquisition, the Company was issued a 10-year term insurance policy, which insures the Company against environmental contingencies unidentified at the acquisition date, subject to a $50.0 million aggregate self-insured retention. Liability for this first $50.0 million of unidentified environmental contingencies is shared 70 percent by the seller and 30 percent by the Company if such contingency is identified within 10 years following the acquisition date. The Company is liable for identified environmental contingencies at the acquisition date up to an aggregate $10.0 million, and thereafter the liability is shared 70 percent by the Company and 30 percent by the seller.

The Company anticipates that cash expenditures in future periods for remediation costs at identified sites will be made over an extended period of time. Given the inherent uncertainties in evaluating environmental exposures, actual costs may vary from those estimated at April 30, 2010. The Company’s exposure to adverse developments with respect to any individual site is not expected to be material. Although environmental remediation could have a material effect on results of operations if a series of adverse developments occur in a particular quarter or fiscal year, the Company believes that the chance of a series of adverse developments occurring in the same quarter or fiscal year is remote. Future information and developments will require the Company to continually reassess the expected impact of these environmental matters.

NOTE 15 —EARNINGS PER SHARE AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Earnings per share

The Company has two classes of common stock and, as such, applies the “two-class method” of computing earnings per share as prescribed in SFAS No. 128, “Earnings Per Share” (codified under ASC 260 “Earnings Per Share”). In accordance with guidance, earnings are allocated first to Class A and Class B Common Stock to the extent that dividends are actually paid and the remainder allocated assuming all of the earnings for the period have been distributed in the form of dividends.

The following table summarizes the Company’s Class A and Class B common and treasury shares at the specified dates:

										Outstanding
		Authorized Shares				Issued Shares				Shares				Treasury Shares
April 30, 2010:
Class A Common Stock			128,000,000				42,281,920				24,656,574				17,625,346
Class B Common Stock			69,120,000				34,560,000				22,462,266				12,097,734
October 31, 2009:
Class A Common Stock			128,000,000				42,281,920				24,474,773				17,807,147
Class B Common Stock			69,120,000				34,560,000				22,462,266				12,097,734

The following is a reconciliation of the shares used to calculate basic and diluted earnings per share:

		Three months ended								Six months ended
		April 30								April 30
		2010				2009				2010				2009
Class A Common Stock:
Basic shares			24,637,648				24,352,826				24,591,389				24,241,605
Assumed conversion of stock options			371,267				270,598				366,969				266,413
Diluted shares			25,008,915				24,623,424				24,958,358				24,508,018
Class B Common Stock:
Basic and diluted shares			22,462,266				22,462,266				22,462,266				22,489,148

No stock options were antidilutive for the three or six-months ended April 30, 2010. There were no stock options that were antidilutive for the three months ended April 30, 2009 and 20,000 stock options that were antidilutive for the six months ended April 30, 2009.

Dividends per share

The following dividends per share were paid during the periods indicated:

		Three Months ended April 30								Six Months ended April 30
		2010				2009				2010				2009
Class A Common Stock		$	0.38			$	0.38			$	0.76			$	0.76
Class B Common Stock		$	0.57			$	0.57			$	1.13			$	1.13

Class A Common Stock is entitled to cumulative dividends of 1 cent a share per year after which Class B Common Stock is entitled to non-cumulative dividends up to one half (1/2) cent per share per year. Further distribution in any year must be made in proportion of one cent a share for Class A Common Stock to one and one-half (1 1/2) cents a share for Class B Common Stock. The Class A Common Stock has no voting rights unless four quarterly cumulative dividends upon the Class A Common Stock are in arrears or unless changes are proposed to the Company’s certificate of incorporation. The Class B Common Stock has full voting rights. There is no cumulative voting for the election of directors.

Shareholders’ equity

The Company’s Board of Directors has authorized the purchase of up to four million shares of Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock or any combination of the foregoing. During the first six months of 2010, the Company did not repurchase any shares of Class A Common Stock or Class B Common Stock. As of April 30, 2010, the Company had repurchased 2,833,272 shares, including 1,416,752 shares of Class A Common Stock and 1,416,520 shares of Class B Common Stock, under this program. The total cost of the shares repurchased from November 1, 2008 through April 30, 2010 was approximately $3.1 million.

NOTE 16 — EQUITY GAINS (LOSSES) OF UNCONSOLIDATED BUSINESSES AND NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS

In December 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 160, “Accounting and Reporting of Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements, an amendment of ARB No. 51” (codified under ASC 810 “Consolidation”). SFAS No. 160 amends Accounting Research Bulletin No. 51 to establish accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. SFAS No. 160 also changes the way the consolidated financial statements are presented, establishes a single method of accounting for changes in a parent’s ownership interest in a subsidiary that do not result in deconsolidation, requires that a parent recognize a gain or loss in net income when a subsidiary is deconsolidated and expands disclosures in the consolidated financial statements that clearly identify and distinguish between the parent’s ownership interest and the interest of the noncontrolling owners of a subsidiary. The provisions of SFAS No. 160 have been applied retrospectively for all periods presented beginning November 1, 2009.

Equity gains (losses) of unconsolidated affiliates

Equity gains (losses) represent investments in affiliates in which the Company does not exercise control and has a 20 percent or more voting interest. Such investments in affiliates are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. If the fair value of an investment in an affiliate is below its carrying value and the difference is deemed to be other than temporary, the difference between the fair value and the carrying value is charged to earnings. The Company has an equity interest in six affiliates, and the equity earnings of these interests were recorded in net income. Equity gains (losses) for the six months ended April 30, 2010 and 2009 were $0.1 and ($0.6) million, respectively. There were no dividends received from our equity method subsidiaries for the six months ended April 30, 2010 and $0.5 million received for the six months ended April 30, 2009.

Noncontrolling interests

The Company has noncontrolling interests in various companies. The noncontrolling interests reflect the portion of earnings or losses of majority owned operations which are applicable to the noncontrolling interest partners. Noncontrolling interests for the six months ended April 30, 2010 and 2009 were $3.6 million and $0.4 million, respectively, and were deducted from net income (loss) to arrive at net income (loss) attributable to the Company.

NOTE 17 — COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

Comprehensive income is comprised of net income and other charges and credits to equity that are not the result of transactions with the Company’s owners. The components of comprehensive income are as follows (Dollars in thousands):

		Three months ended								Six months ended
		April 30								April 30
		2010				2009				2010				2009
						(As Adjusted)								(As Adjusted)
Net income (loss)		$	44,832			$	1,546			$	71,063			$	(272	)
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Foreign currency translation adjustment			(75,229	)			(9,423	)			(92,128	)			(38,332	)
Changes in fair value of interest rate derivatives, net of tax			784				1,104				1,467				788
Changes in fair value of energy and other derivatives, net of tax			(189	)			2,972				(11	)			1,917
Minimum pension liability adjustment, net of tax			553				547				943				(591	)
Comprehensive income (loss)		$	(29,249	)		$	(3,254	)		$	(18,666	)		$	(36,490	)

The following is the income tax benefit (expense) for each other comprehensive income (loss) line items:

		Three months ended								Nine months ended
		April 30								April 30
		2010				2009				2010				2009
						(As Adjusted)								(As Adjusted)
Income tax benefit (expense):
Changes in fair value of interest rate derivatives, net of tax			(422	)			(594	)			(790	)			(424	)
Changes in fair value of energy and other derivatives, net of tax			102				(1,600	)			6				(1,032	)
Minimum pension liability adjustment, net of tax			(131	)			(237	)			(228	)			323

NOTE 18 — BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION

The Company operates in four business segments: Rigid Industrial Packaging and Services, Flexible Products and Services, Paper Packaging, and Land Management.

Operations in the Rigid Industrial Packaging and Services segment involve the production and sale of industrial packaging products, such as steel, fibre and plastic drums, intermediate bulk containers, closure systems for industrial packaging products, transit protection products, polycarbonate water bottles, and services such as blending, filling and other packaging services, logistics and warehousing. These products are manufactured and sold in over 45 countries throughout the world.

Operations in the Flexible Products and Services segment involve the production, global distribution and sale of flexible intermediate bulk containers as well as industrial and consumer multiwall bag products, and related services in the North America market. These products are manufactured in North America, Europe, the Middle East, and Asia and sold throughout the world.

Operations in the Paper Packaging segment involve the production and sale of containerboard (both semi-chemical and recycled), corrugated sheets, corrugated containers and related services. These products are manufactured and sold in North America. Our industrial and consumer multiwall bag products have been reclassified from this segment to our Flexible Products and Services segment.

Operations in the Land Management segment involve the management and sale of timber and special use properties from approximately 265,950 acres of timber properties in the southeastern United States. The Company also owns approximately 24,950 acres of timber properties in Canada, which are not actively managed at this time. In addition, the Company sells, from time to time, timberland and special use land, which consists of surplus land, higher and better use land, and development land.

The Company’s reportable segments are strategic business units that offer different products. The accounting policies of the reportable segments are substantially the same as those described in the “Description of Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” note (see Note 1) in the 2009 Form 10-K.

The following segment information is presented for the periods indicated (Dollars in thousands):

		Three months ended								Six months ended
		April 30,								April 30,
		2010				2009				2010				2009
Net sales:						(As Adjusted)								(As Adjusted)
Rigid Industrial Packaging and Services		$	636,544			$	527,073			$	1,201,308			$	1,056,589
Flexible Products and Services			50,455				8,447				61,741				19,898
Paper Packaging			147,527				109,617				275,790				228,551
Land Management			2,054				2,760				7,423				9,119
Total net sales		$	836,580			$	647,897			$	1,546,262			$	1,314,157
Operating profit:
Operating profit, before the impact of restructuring charges, restructuring-related inventory charges and acquisition-related costs:
Rigid Industrial Packaging and Services		$	69,960			$	31,323			$	127,419			$	49,939
Flexible Products and Services			4,014				709				6,530				3,331
Paper Packaging			7,707				6,397				11,447				22,517
Land Management			492				2,425				3,491				5,584
Operating profit, before the impact of restructuring charges, restructuring-related inventory charges and acquisition-related costs			82,173				40,854				148,887				81,371
Restructuring charges:
Rigid Industrial Packaging and Services			4,718				19,564				10,674				44,738
Paper Packaging			72				731				113				2,583
Land Management			—				—				—				150
Total restructuring charges			4,790				20,295				10,787				47,471
Restructuring-related inventory charges:
Rigid Industrial Packaging and Services			37				7,452				37				9,285
Total restructuring-related inventory charges			37				7,452				37				9,285
Acquisition-related costs:
Rigid Industrial Packaging and Services			941				—				3,803				—
Flexible Products and Services			3,646				—				10,840				—
Total acquisition-related costs			4,587				—				14,643				—
Total operating profit		$	72,759			$	13,107			$	123,420			$	24,615
Depreciation, depletion and amortization expense:
Rigid Industrial Packaging and Services		$	19,938			$	17,576			$	41,191			$	35,013
Flexible Products and Services			795				181				980				366
Paper Packaging			6,676				6,455				13,810				13,004
Land Management			264				49				1,198				1,135
Total depreciation, depletion and amortization expense		$	27,673			$	24,261			$	57,179			$	49,518

		April 30,				October 31,
		2010				2009
						(As Adjusted)
Assets:
Rigid Industrial Packaging and Services		$	1,877,430			$	1,783,821
Flexible Products and Services			118,255				15,296
Paper Packaging			417,307				402,787
Land Management			270,390				254,856
Total segments			2,683,382				2,456,760
Corporate and other			353,920				367,169
Total assets		$	3,037,302			$	2,823,929

The following table presents net sales to external customers by geographic area (Dollars in thousands):

		Three months ended								Six months ended
		April 30,								April 30,
		2010				2009				2010				2009
						(As Adjusted)								(As Adjusted)
Net sales:
North America		$	420,907			$	361,419			$	781,827			$	755,360
Europe, Middle East and Africa			288,604				192,374				512,918				374,711
Other			127,069				94,104				251,517				184,086
Total net sales		$	836,580			$	647,897			$	1,546,262			$	1,314,157

The following table presents total assets by geographic area (Dollars in thousands):

		April 30,				October 31,
		2010				2009
						(As Adjusted)
Assets:
North America		$	1,879,622			$	1,826,840
Europe, Middle East and Africa			711,612				601,841
Other			446,068				395,248
Total assets		$	3,037,302			$	2,823,929

NOTE 19 — SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

On June 8, 2010, the Company terminated its cross-currency interest rate swap. As previously disclosed, the cross-currency interest rate swap was set to mature on August 1, 2010 and August 1, 2012, respectively. In connection with the early termination, the Company received a $26.6 million gross settlement on the transaction which does not have a significant impact on the Company’s earnings.

ITEM 2.		MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

GENERAL

The terms “Greif,” “our company,” “we,” “us” and “our” as used in this discussion refer to Greif, Inc. and its subsidiaries. Our fiscal year begins on November 1 and ends on October 31 of the following year. Any references in this Form 10-Q to the years 2010 or 2009, or to any quarter of those years, relates to the fiscal year or quarter, as the case may be, ending in that year.

The discussion and analysis presented below relates to the material changes in financial condition and results of operations for our consolidated balance sheets as of April 30, 2010 and October 31, 2009, and for the consolidated statements of operations for the three and six months ended April 30, 2010 and 2009. This discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements that appear elsewhere in this Form 10-Q and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended October 31, 2009 (the “2009 Form 10-K”) and our Form 8-K filed on May 27, 2010 (the “May 27 Form 8-K”) to update certain sections of the 2009 Form 10-K to reflect revised financial information and disclosures resulting from the application of a change in an accounting principle from using a combination of the last-in, first-out (“LIFO”) and the first-in, first-out (“FIFO”) inventory accounting methods to the FIFO method for all of our businesses effective November 1, 2009. All references in this Form 10-Q to the 2009 Form 10-K also include the financial information and disclosures contained in the May 27 Form 8-K. Readers are encouraged to review the entire 2009 Form 10-K, as it includes information regarding Greif not discussed in this Form 10-Q. This information will assist in your understanding of the discussion of our current period financial results.

All statements, other than statements of historical facts, included in this Form 10-Q, including without limitation, statements regarding our future financial position, business strategy, budgets, projected costs, goals and plans and objectives of management for future operations, are forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Forward-looking statements generally can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “may,” “will,” “expect,” “intend,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “project,” “believe,” “continue” or “target” or the negative thereof or variations thereon or similar terminology. All forward-looking statements made in this Form 10-Q are based on information currently available to our management. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in forward-looking statements have a reasonable basis, we can give no assurance that these expectations will prove to be correct. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual events or results to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by the statements. For a discussion of the most significant risks and uncertainties that could cause Greif’s actual results to differ materially from those projected, see “Risk Factors” in Part I, Item 1A of the 2009 Form 10-K, updated by Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q. All forward-looking statements made in this Form 10-Q are expressly qualified in their entirety by reference to such risk factors. Except to the limited extent required by applicable law, Greif undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

OVERVIEW

We operate in four business segments:  Rigid Industrial Packaging and Services; Flexible Products and Services; Paper Packaging; and Land Management.  

We are a leading global provider of rigid industrial packaging products, such as steel, fibre and plastic drums, rigid intermediate bulk containers, closure systems for industrial packaging products, transit protection products and polycarbonate water bottles, and services, such as blending, filling and other packaging services, logistics and warehousing. We sell our industrial packaging products to customers in industries such as chemicals, paints and pigments, food and beverage, petroleum, industrial coatings, agricultural, pharmaceutical and mineral, among others.

We are a leading global provider of flexible intermediate bulk containers and North American provider of industrial and consumer multiwall bag products. Our flexible intermediate bulk containers consist of a polypropylene based woven fabric that is partly produced at our fully integrated production sites, as well as sourced from strategic regional suppliers. Our flexible products are sold globally and service similar customers and market segments as our Rigid Industrial Packaging and Services segment. Additionally, our flexible products significantly expand our presence in the agricultural and food industries, among others. Our industrial and consumer multiwall bag products are used to ship a wide range of industrial and consumer products, such as seed, fertilizers, chemicals, concrete, flour, sugar, feed, pet foods, popcorn, charcoal and salt, primarily for the agricultural, chemical, building products and food industries.

We sell containerboard, corrugated sheets and other corrugated products to customers in North America in industries such as packaging, automotive, food and building products. Our corrugated container products are used to ship such diverse products as home appliances, small machinery, grocery products, building products, automotive components, books and furniture, as well as numerous other applications. Our industrial and consumer multiwall bag products have been reclassified to our Flexible Products and Services segment.

As of April 30, 2010, we owned approximately 265,950 acres of timber properties in the southeastern United States, which were actively managed, and approximately 24,950 acres of timber properties in Canada. Our Land Management team is focused on the active harvesting and regeneration of our United States timber properties to achieve sustainable long-term yields. While timber sales are subject to fluctuations, we seek to maintain a consistent cutting schedule, within the limits of market and weather conditions. We also sell, from time to time, timberland and special use land, which consists of surplus land, higher and better use (“HBU”) land, and development land.

In 2003, we began a transformation to become a leaner, more market-focused, performance-driven company – what we call the “Greif Business System.”  We believe the Greif Business System has and will continue to generate productivity improvements and achieve permanent cost reductions.  The Greif Business System continues to focus on opportunities such as improved labor productivity, material yield and other manufacturing efficiencies, along with further plant consolidations.  In addition, as part of the Greif Business System, we have launched a strategic sourcing initiative to more effectively leverage our global spending and lay the foundation for a world-class sourcing and supply chain capability.  In response to the economic slowdown that began at the end of 2008, we accelerated the implementation of certain Greif Business System initiatives.  

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (“GAAP”). The preparation of these consolidated financial statements, in accordance with these principles, require us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of assets and liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our consolidated financial statements.

A summary of our significant accounting policies is included in Note 1 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in the 2009 Form 10-K. We believe that the consistent application of these policies enables us to provide readers of the consolidated financial statements with useful and reliable information about our results of operations and financial condition. The following are the accounting policies that we believe are most important to the portrayal of our results of operations and financial condition and require our most difficult, subjective or complex judgments.

Allowance for Accounts Receivable. We evaluate the collectability of our accounts receivable based on a combination of factors. In circumstances where we are aware of a specific customer’s inability to meet its financial obligations to us, we record a specific allowance for bad debts against amounts due to reduce the net recognized receivable to the amount we reasonably believe will be collected. In addition, we recognize allowances for bad debts based on the length of time receivables are past due with allowance percentages, based on our historical experiences, applied on a graduated scale relative to the age of the receivable amounts. If circumstances change (e.g., higher than expected bad debt experience or an unexpected material adverse change in a major customer’s ability to meet its financial obligations to us), our estimates of the recoverability of amounts due to us could change by a material amount.

Inventory Reserves. Reserves for slow moving and obsolete inventories are provided based on historical experience, inventory aging and product demand. We continuously evaluate the adequacy of these reserves and make adjustments to these reserves as required. We also evaluate reserves for losses under firm purchase commitments for goods or inventories.

At the beginning of fiscal 2010, we changed our method of accounting for inventories at certain of our U.S. locations from the lower of cost, as determined by the LIFO method of accounting, or market to the lower of cost, as determined by the FIFO method of accounting, or market. We believe that this change is preferable because: (1) the change conforms to a single method of accounting for all of our inventories on a U.S. and global basis, (2) the change simplifies financial disclosures, (3) financial statement comparability and analysis for investors and analysts is improved, and (4) the majority of our key competitors use FIFO. The financial information presented has been adjusted for all prior periods presented as if we had used FIFO instead of LIFO for each reporting period for all of our operations. The change in accounting principle is further discussed in Note 4 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-Q.

Net Assets Held for Sale Net assets held for sale represent land, buildings and land improvements less accumulated depreciation. We record net assets held for sale in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (“SFAS”) No. 144, “Accounting for Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets” (codified under Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 360 “Property, Plant, and Equipment”), at the lower of carrying value or fair value less cost to sell. Fair value is based on the estimated proceeds from the sale of the facility utilizing recent purchase offers, market comparables and/or data obtained from our commercial real estate broker. Our estimate as to fair value is regularly reviewed and subject to changes in the commercial real estate markets and our continuing evaluation as to the facility’s acceptable sale price. Net Assets Held for Sale are further discussed in Note 5 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-Q.

Goodwill, Other Intangible Assets and Other Long-Lived Assets. Goodwill and indefinite-lived intangible assets are no longer amortized, but instead are periodically reviewed for impairment as required by SFAS No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” (codified under ASC 350 “Intangibles — Goodwill and Other”). The costs of acquired intangible assets determined to have definite lives are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated economic lives of five to 23 years. Our policy is to periodically review other intangible assets subject to amortization and other long-lived assets based upon the evaluation of such factors as the occurrence of a significant adverse event or change in the environment in which the business operates, or if the expected future net cash flows (undiscounted and without interest) would become less than the carrying amount of the asset. An impairment loss would be recorded in the period such determination is made based on the fair value of the related assets. Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets are further discussed in Note 6 to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-Q.

Properties, Plants and Equipment. Depreciation on properties, plants and equipment is provided on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of our assets.

We own timber properties in the southeastern United States and in Canada. With respect to our United States timber properties, which consisted of approximately 265,950 acres at April 30, 2010, depletion expense is computed on the basis of cost and the estimated recoverable timber acquired. Our land costs are maintained by tract. Merchantable timber costs are maintained by five product classes, pine saw timber, pine chip-n-saw, pine pulpwood, hardwood saw timber and hardwood pulpwood, within a “depletion block,” with each depletion block based upon a geographic district or sub district. Currently, we have 8 depletion blocks. These same depletion blocks are used for pre-merchantable timber costs. Each year, we estimate the volume of our merchantable timber for the five product classes by each depletion block. These estimates are based on the current state in the growth cycle and not on quantities to be available in future years. Our estimates do not include costs to be incurred in the future. We then project these volumes to the end of the year. Upon acquisition of a new timberland tract, we record separate amounts for land, merchantable timber and pre-merchantable timber allocated as a percentage of the values being purchased. These acquisition volumes and costs acquired during the year are added to the totals for each product class within the appropriate depletion block(s). The total of the beginning, one-year growth and acquisition volumes are divided by the total undepleted historical cost to arrive at a depletion rate, which is then used for the current year. As timber is sold, we multiply the volumes sold by the depletion rate for the current year to arrive at the depletion cost. Our Canadian timberland, which consisted of approximately 24,950 acres at April 30, 2010, did not have any depletion expense since it is not actively managed at this time.

We believe that the lives and methods of determining depreciation and depletion are reasonable; however, using other lives and methods could provide materially different results.

Derivative Financial Instruments. In accordance with SFAS No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” (codified under ASC 815 “Derivatives and Hedging”), we record all derivatives in the consolidated balance sheets as either assets or liabilities measured at fair value. Dependent on the designation of the derivative instrument, changes in fair value are recorded to earnings or shareholders’ equity through other comprehensive income (loss).

Restructuring Reserves. Restructuring reserves are determined in accordance with appropriate accounting guidance, including SFAS No. 146, “Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities” (codified under ASC 420 “Exit or Disposal Cost Obligations”) and Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 100, “Restructuring and Impairment Charges,” depending upon the facts and circumstances surrounding the situation. Restructuring reserves are further discussed in Note 7 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-Q.

Income Taxes. We record a tax provision for the anticipated tax consequences of our reported results of operations. In accordance with SFAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes,” (codified under ASC 740 “Income Taxes”) the provision for income taxes is computed using the asset and liability method, under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the expected future tax consequences of temporary differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities, and for operating losses and tax credit carryforwards. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using the currently enacted tax rates that apply to taxable income in effect for the years in which those tax assets are expected to be realized or settled. We record a valuation allowance to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount that is believed more likely than not to be realized. On November 1, 2007, we adopted Financial Interpretation No. (“FIN”) 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109” (codified under ASC 740 “Income Taxes”). Further information may be found in Note 12, to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-Q.

We believe it is more likely than not that forecasted income, including income that may be generated as a result of certain tax planning strategies, together with the tax effects of the deferred tax liabilities, will be sufficient to fully recover the remaining deferred tax assets. In the event that all or part of the net deferred tax assets are determined not to be realizable in the future, an adjustment to the valuation allowance would be charged to earnings, in the period such determination is made. In addition, the calculation of tax liabilities involves significant judgment in estimating the impact of uncertainties in the application of FIN 48 and other complex tax laws. Resolution of these uncertainties in a manner inconsistent with our expectations could have a material impact on our financial condition and operating results.

Pension and Postretirement Benefits. Our actuaries using assumptions about the discount rate, expected return on plan assets, rate of compensation increase and health care cost trend rates determine pension and postretirement benefit expenses. Further discussion of our pension and postretirement benefit plans and related assumptions is contained in Note 13 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Form 10-Q. The results would be different using other assumptions.

Contingencies. Various lawsuits, claims and proceedings have been or may be instituted or asserted against us, including those pertaining to environmental, product liability, and safety and health matters. While the amounts claimed may be substantial, the ultimate liability cannot currently be determined because of the considerable uncertainties that exist.

All lawsuits, claims and proceedings are considered by us in establishing reserves for contingencies in accordance with SFAS No. 5, “Accounting for Contingencies” (codified under ASC 450 “Contingencies”). In accordance with the provisions of SFAS No. 5, we accrue for a litigation-related liability when it is probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Based on currently available information known to us, we believe that our reserves for these litigation-related liabilities are reasonable and that the ultimate outcome of any pending matters is not likely to have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results from operations.

Environmental Cleanup Costs. We expense environmental costs related to existing conditions caused by past or current operations and from which no current or future benefit is discernable. Expenditures that extend the life of the related property, or mitigate or prevent future environmental contamination, are capitalized.

Our reserves for environmental liabilities at April 30, 2010 amounted to $31.4 million, which included reserves of $17.5 million related to one of our blending facilities and $9.5 million related to certain facilities acquired in fiscal year 2007. The remaining reserves were for asserted and unasserted environmental litigation, claims and/or assessments at manufacturing sites and other locations where we believe it is probable the outcome of such matters will be unfavorable to us, but the environmental exposure at any one of those sites was not individually material. Reserves for large environmental exposures are principally based on environmental studies and cost estimates provided by third parties, but also take into account management estimates. Reserves for less significant environmental exposures are principally based on management estimates.

Environmental expenses were $0.1 million for the three-month and six-month periods ended April 30, 2010 and were insignificant for the three month and six month periods ended April 30, 2009. Environmental cash expenditures were $1.1 million and $0.4 million for the six months ended April 30, 2010 and 2009, respectively.

We anticipate that expenditures for remediation costs at most of the sites will be made over an extended period of time. Given the inherent uncertainties in evaluating environmental exposures, actual costs may vary from those estimated at April 30, 2010. Our exposure to adverse developments with respect to any individual site is not expected to be material. Although environmental remediation could have a material effect on results of operations if a series of adverse developments occur in a particular quarter or fiscal year, we believe that the chance of a series of adverse developments occurring in the same quarter or fiscal year is remote. Future information and developments will require us to continually reassess the expected impact of these environmental matters.

Self-Insurance. We are self-insured for certain of the claims made under our employee medical and dental insurance programs. We had recorded liabilities totaling $3.2 million and $4.0 million of estimated costs related to outstanding claims at April 30, 2010 and October 31, 2009, respectively. These costs include an estimate for expected settlements on pending claims, administrative fees and an estimate for claims incurred but not reported. These estimates are based on our assessment of outstanding claims, historical analysis and current payment trends. We record an estimate for the claims incurred but not reported using an estimated lag period based upon historical information, which has been adjusted in the first quarter to reflect a decrease in actual claims paid in 2009 and represents a decrease in total self-insurance reserves by $0.8 million.

We have certain deductibles applied to various insurance policies including general liability, product, auto and workers’ compensation. Deductible liabilities are insured primarily through our captive insurance subsidiary. We recorded liabilities totaling $21.7 million and $21.5 million for anticipated costs related to general liability, product, auto and workers’ compensation at April 30, 2010 and October 31, 2009, respectively. These costs include an estimate for expected settlements on pending claims, defense costs and an estimate for claims incurred but not reported. These estimates are based on our assessment of outstanding claims, historical analysis, actuarial information and current payment trends.

Revenue Recognition. We recognize revenue when title passes to customers or services have been rendered, with appropriate provision for returns and allowances. Revenue is recognized in accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104, “Revenue Recognition” (codified under ASC 605 “Revenue Recognition”).

Timberland disposals, timber and special use property revenues are recognized when closings have occurred, required down payments have been received, title and possession have been transferred to the buyer, and all other criteria for sale and profit recognition have been satisfied.

We report the sale of surplus and HBU property in our consolidated statements of operations under “gain on disposals of property, plants, and equipment, net” and report the sale of development property under “net sales” and “cost of goods sold.” All HBU and development property, together with surplus property is used by us to productively grow and sell timber until the land is sold.

Other Items. Other items that could have a significant impact on the financial statements include the risks and uncertainties listed in Part I, Item 1A––Risk Factors, of the 2009 Form 10-K, as updated by Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q. Actual results could differ materially using different estimates and assumptions, or if conditions are significantly different in the future.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following comparative information is presented for the three-month and six-month periods ended April 30, 2010 and 2009. Historically, revenues or earnings may or may not be representative of future operating results due to various economic and other factors.

The non-GAAP financial measure of operating profit before the impact of restructuring charges, restructuring-related inventory charges and acquisition-related costs is used throughout the following discussion of our results of operations. Operating profit before the impact of restructuring charges, restructuring-related inventory charges and acquisition-related costs is equal to operating profit plus restructuring charges, restructuring-related inventory charges and acquisition-related costs. We use operating profit before the impact of restructuring charges, restructuring-related inventory charges and acquisition-related costs because we believe that this measure provides a better indication of our operational performance because it excludes restructuring charges, restructuring-related inventory charges and acquisition-related costs, which are not representative of ongoing operations, and it provides a more stable platform on which to compare our historical performance.

As discussed in “Critical Accounting Policies,” at the beginning of fiscal 2010, we changed our method of accounting for inventories at certain of our U.S. locations from the LIFO method of accounting to the FIFO method of accounting. The financial information presented in “Results of Operations” has been adjusted for all prior periods presented as if we had used the FIFO method of accounting instead of the LIFO method of accounting for each reporting period for all of our operations. Refer to the May 27 Form 8-K which updated certain sections of the 2009 Form 10-K for revised financial information and disclosures resulting from the application of a change in an accounting principle from using a combination of the LIFO and the FIFO inventory accounting methods to the FIFO method for all of our businesses effective November 1, 2009.

In the second quarter of 2010, we acquired Storsack Holding GmbH and its subsidiaries (“Storsack”), which is the world’s largest producer of flexible intermediate bulk containers. Based on an analysis of the qualitative and quantitative standards, Storsack’s results are included in a new reporting segment called Flexible Products and Services. Our multiwall bag operations, previously included in the Paper Packaging segment, are also included in Flexible Products and Services. The Industrial Packaging segment has been renamed Rigid Industrial Packaging and Services.

Second Quarter Results

Overview

Net sales increased 29 percent to $836.6 million in the second quarter of 2010 compared to $647.9 million in the second quarter of 2009. The 29 percent increase was due to higher sales volumes (33 percent or 22 percent excluding acquisitions) and foreign currency translation (5 percent), partially offset by lower selling prices (9 percent) due to the pass-through of lower input costs. The $188.7 million increase was due to Rigid Industrial Packaging and Services ($109.4 million increase), Flexible Products and Services ($42.1 million increase) and Paper Packaging ($37.9 million increase), slightly offset by Land Management ($0.7 million decrease).

Operating profit was $72.8 million and $13.1 million in the second quarter of 2010 and 2009, respectively. Operating profit before the impact of restructuring charges, restructuring-related inventory charges and acquisition-related costs was $82.2 million for the second quarter of 2010 compared to $40.9 million for the second quarter of 2009. The $41.3 million increase in operating profit before the impact of restructuring charges, restructuring-related inventory charges and acquisition-related costs was due to Rigid Industrial Packaging and Services ($38.6 million increase), Flexible Products and Services ($3.3 million increase), Paper Packaging ($1.3 million increase), partially offset by a decrease in Land Management ($1.9 million decrease).

The following table sets forth the net sales and operating profit for each of our business segments (Dollars in thousands):

For the three months ended April 30,		2010				2009
						(As Adjusted)
Net Sales
Rigid Industrial Packaging and Services		$	636,544			$	527,073
Flexible Products and Services			50,455				8,447
Paper Packaging			147,527				109,617
Land Management			2,054				2,760
Total net sales		$	836,580			$	647,897
Operating Profit:
Operating profit, before the impact of restructuring charges, restructuring-related inventory charges and acquisition-related costs:
Rigid Industrial Packaging and Services		$	69,960			$	31,323
Flexible Products and Services			4,014				709
Paper Packaging			7,707				6,397
Land Management			492				2,425
Total operating profit before the impact of restructuring charges, restructuring-related inventory charges and acquisition-related costs:		$	82,173			$	40,854
Restructuring charges:
Rigid Industrial Packaging and Services		$	4,718			$	19,564
Paper Packaging			72				731
Restructuring charges		$	4,790			$	20,295
Restructuring-related inventory charges:
Rigid Industrial Packaging and Services		$	37			$	7,452
Acquisition-related costs:
Rigid Industrial Packaging and Services		$	941			$	—
Flexible Products and Services			3,646				—
Acquisition-related costs		$	4,587			$	—
Operating profit:
Rigid Industrial Packaging and Services		$	64,263			$	4,307
Flexible Products and Services			368				709
Paper Packaging			7,636				5,666
Land Management			492				2,425
Total operating profit		$	72,759			$	13,107

Segment Review

Rigid Industrial Packaging and Services

Our Rigid Industrial Packaging and Services segment offers a comprehensive line of industrial packaging products, such as steel, fibre and plastic drums, intermediate bulk containers, closure systems for industrial packaging products, transit protection products, polycarbonate water bottles, and services, such as blending, filling and other packaging services, logistics and warehousing. The key factors influencing profitability in the Rigid Industrial Packaging and Services segment are:

	•		Selling prices, customer demand and sales volumes;
	•		Raw material costs, primarily steel, resin and containerboard;
	•		Energy and transportation costs;

	•		Benefits from executing the Greif Business System;
	•		Restructuring charges;
	•		Contributions from recent acquisitions;
	•		Divestiture of business units; and
	•		Impact of foreign currency translation.