SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December Commission File No. 0-19312
31, 2000
MEDAREX, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
New Jersey 22-2822175
(State or other jurisdiction (IRS Employer Identification No.)
ofincorporation or organization)
707 State Road #206, Princeton, New Jersey 08540
(Address of principal executive (Zip Code)
offices)
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (609) 430-2880
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
Title of each class Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock ($0.01 par The Nasdaq Stock Market under symbol MEDX
value)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports
required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of
1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the
registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such
filing requirements for the past 90 days.
Yes [X] No [_]
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item
405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to
the best of registrant's knowledge, in definitive proxy or information
statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any
amendment to this Form 10-K.
[X]
As of December 31, 2000, the registrant had outstanding 72,597,666 shares of
Common Stock, $0.01 par value ("Common Stock"), which is registrant's only
class of Common Stock.
The aggregate market value of registrant's Common Stock held by non-
affiliates based on the closing price of $14.3125 per share on March 21, 2001
was approximately $1,040,000,000.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
(Specific pages incorporated are identified under the applicable item herein)
Portions of the registrant's definitive Proxy Statement for the annual
meeting of shareholders to be held on May 23, 2001 (the "Proxy Statement") are
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Report. Other documents
incorporated by reference in this report are listed in the Exhibit Index.
PART I
In this Annual Report "Medarex" or the "company," "we," "us" and "our"
refer to Medarex, Inc. and our wholly owned subsidiaries. This Annual Report
contains forward-looking statements that involve risk and uncertainties. Our
actual results may differ significantly from the results discussed in the
forward-looking statements. Factors that might cause such a difference
include, but are not limited to, those discussed in "Risk Factors,"
"Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of
Operations" and "Business" as well as those discussed elsewhere in this
document. Actual events or results may differ materially from those discussed
in this Annual Report.
Item 1. Business
Overview
We are a human monoclonal antibody-based company with integrated discovery,
development and clinical supply manufacturing capabilities. We are able to
create fully human monoclonal antibodies using our UltiMAb(TM) Human Antibody
Development System SM. This unique combination of human antibody technologies
includes: (1) our HuMAb-Mouse(R), in which the mouse genes for creating
antibodies have been inactivated and replaced by human antibody genes; (2)
pursuant to an agreement with Kirin Brewery Co. Ltd., Kirin's TC Mouse(TM),
which is "transchromosomic," meaning that 100% of the human antibody genes
contained in the transplanted chromosomes are present in the mouse; and (3) a
crossbred mouse that combines the unique traits of our HuMAb-Mouse with
Kirin's TC Mouse. With our UltiMAb Human Antibody Development System, we
believe we have assembled a unique platform of mice for creating the entire
spectrum of fully human antibodies, which typically have high affinity. As of
March 21, 2001, 31 companies have acquired the rights to use our human
antibody technology in their development of new products, including major
pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies such as Novartis Pharma AG, Amgen,
Inc., Immunex Corporation, Schering AG, Centocor, Inc. (a subsidiary of
Johnson & Johnson) and Eli Lilly & Company.
As new disease-related targets are continually being discovered through
genomic and other research programs, we intend to use our human antibody
technology to develop therapeutic products for ourselves and for our corporate
partners. As part of our Applied Genomics strategy, we have entered into
alliances with a number of genomics and proteomics companies, including
Athersys, Inc., Corixa Corporation, Eos Biotechnology, Inc., Epigen, Inc.,
Immusol, Inc., Oxford GlycoSciences plc, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals,
Incorporated, and Seattle Genetics, Inc. to develop and commercialize
genomics-derived antibody-based therapeutic products for the treatment or
prevention of life-threatening diseases. We have also entered into a
collaboration with Genmab A/S, a publicly held Danish biotechnology company
("Genmab") in which we have a 33% equity interest, pursuant to which Medarex
and Genmab will jointly enter into genomic partnerships involving our human
antibody technology with companies located in Europe, such as the
collaboration with Gemini Genomics.
We believe that genomics and other research techniques are leading to the
discovery of an unprecedented number of potential targets for therapeutic
antibody products. To date, nine monoclonal antibody-based products have been
approved for sale by the United States Food and Drug Administration ("FDA"),
and these antibodies have generated revenues in excess of $2 billion
worldwide. The majority of these antibodies have been on the market for less
than three years. Most of the antibodies currently in development, and all of
the antibodies that form the basis of these approved products, have been made
in normal ("wild type") mice and subsequently have been made "chimeric" or
"humanized," leading to a product that contains both human and rodent
proteins. These rodent proteins may be recognized by a patient's immune system
as "foreign," potentially limiting the utility of the product or causing
allergic reactions. Instead of engineering mouse antibodies to make them
chimeric or humanized, we have developed mice that make fully human
antibodies.
Using our UltiMAb Human Antibody Development System, it is possible to
create and develop product candidates very rapidly. Under our T-12
Development SM program, we have been able to complete the process of making a
very high affinity, fully human antibody to a therapeutic target, and have
filed an application for an
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Investigational New Drug , or IND, with the FDA in less than 12 months.
Although not every product candidate will be appropriate for such rapid
development, we believe that this efficient and rapid development capability
will provide an attractive platform for product development for our corporate
partners and for our own in-house development programs.
With our partner Biosite Diagnostics Incorporated, we have developed Trans-
Phage Technology SM. With our human antibody technology and Biosite's
Omniclonal(TM) phage display technology, we can now offer our partners access
to large volumes of high affinity, fully human antibodies to validate genomic
targets and to identify drug candidates. We believe that Trans-Phage
Technology will enable scientists to make large libraries of fully human
antibodies to virtually any disease target.
We believe that the potential of our UltiMAb Human Antibody Development
System to rapidly generate high affinity, fully human antibodies has led to
numerous corporate partnerships under which biopharmaceutical companies have
acquired the right to use our human antibody technology. We initiated or
expanded nine corporate partnerships prior to 1999 and an additional six in
1999. We entered into 12 corporate partnerships in 2000, and as of March 21,
2001, we have entered into four corporate partnerships in 2001. We expect to
enter into several new or expanded corporate partnerships in each of the next
several years.
In addition to our UltiMAb system, we have considerable experience in
clinical supply antibody manufacturing. To facilitate the development and
commercialization of antibody-based products for us and for our partners, we
have assembled a team of experienced scientific, production and regulatory
personnel. This team operates in our manufacturing facility, which complies
with applicable FDA current Good Manufacturing Practice regulations, or cGMP.
This facility currently has a capacity of 10 kilograms of monoclonal antibody
production per year. Over the last five years, we have received regulatory
approval to commence clinical testing of eight products in seven countries.
More than 200 companies are developing monoclonal antibody-based products.
We believe that many of these companies are potential partners for our human
antibody technology. In part, this reflects the enormous increase in knowledge
about potential targets currently in research and development. For example,
genomics researchers have suggested that scientists may identify as many as
4,000 to 15,000 novel targets, many of which will be appropriate for
monoclonal antibody-based products. We believe that our human antibody
technology and our product development experience, coupled with our T-12
Development capabilities and our manufacturing facilities, will allow us to
rapidly create and develop numerous fully human antibodies based upon these
targets. We intend to develop some of these products for our own portfolio and
some in collaboration with our corporate partners.
Our Human Antibody Technology
Our human antibody technology includes our HuMAb-Mouse technology, Kirin's
TC Mouse technology, and a crossbred mouse that combines the characteristics
of our HuMAb-Mouse with Kirin's TC Mouse, all of which are part of our UltiMAb
Human Antibody Development System. All of these technologies have been
designed to produce fully human monoclonal antibodies. Our partners will have
access to the entire UltiMAb Human Antibody Development System.
Our HuMAb-Mouse Technology. We have developed "transgenic" mice to create
fully human monoclonal antibodies. In these transgenic mice, the mouse genes
for creating antibodies have been inactivated and have been replaced by human
antibody genes. Because genes determine what proteins are made, our transgenic
mice make human antibody proteins. We have thus created mice, known as "HuMAb-
Mice," that have the ability to make fully human monoclonal antibodies. This
result avoids the need to humanize murine monoclonal antibodies. Because the
human genes in our HuMAb-Mice are stable, they are passed on to offspring of
the mice. Thus, such traits can be bred indefinitely at relatively low cost
and without additional genetic engineering. Our HuMAb-Mouse has the proven
ability to generate fully human antibodies with affinities in the picomolar
range (as high as 10/12/).
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Kirin's TC Mouse Technology. Our corporate partner, Kirin, has developed
mice with 100% of the human antibody genes. These mice are
"transchromosomic"--that is, the mouse genes for creating antibodies have been
inactivated and have been replaced by the human chromosomes containing all of
the human antibody genes, including all heavy chain classes that encode all
isotypes (IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, IgM), as well as all subclasses of antibodies,
such as IgG1 and IgG4. These "TC Mice" also have the ability to make fully
human monoclonal antibodies. We have entered into a binding letter of intent
to acquire access to this technology under which Kirin was granted certain
rights to use our HuMAb technology and paid us an upfront fee of $12 million.
The Crossbred Mouse. In December 2000, Medarex and Kirin unveiled a
crossbred mouse, which is the newest addition to our UltiMAb Human Antibody
Development System. With the UltiMAb Human Antibody Development System,
Medarex has assembled a unique platform of mice for creating the entire
spectrum of fully human antibodies. Medarex and Kirin combined their
technologies and the unique traits of the HuMAb-Mouse and TC Mouse, to create
a new crossbred mouse that retains the capability to produce all human
antibody isotypes with a robust immune response previously unseen in any human
antibody producing mouse system.
Our unique platform of mice is able to produce completely human monoclonal
antibodies when they are immunized using the same techniques that have been
used for many years to make mouse monoclonal antibodies. The creation of these
monoclonal antibodies takes approximately three to six months, the same amount
of time as the immunization of normal, wild-type mice. We believe that the
monoclonal antibodies derived from our human antibody technologies typically
have affinities as high or higher than antibodies obtained from other
technologies. The antibodies from our human antibody technologies are 100%
human and do not require any humanization, a process that makes a partially
murine antibody "more human." Since the immune systems in our mice have been
left intact, except for the genes related to antibody formation, the mice are
capable of producing fully human antibodies to human antigen targets.
We believe that our human antibody services and technologies offer
potential advantages as compared to the services and technologies offered by
competitors that rely on other antibody development technologies such as
humanization. These potential advantages include:
Fully Human Antibodies. Unlike humanization techniques, our UltiMAb Human
Antibody Development System generates antibodies with 100% human protein
sequences, which we believe will permit the development of products with a
favorable safety profile. Additionally, fully human antibody-based products
are likely to be eliminated less rapidly from the human body, potentially
reducing the frequency and amount of dosing.
Breadth of Human Antibody Technology. Our collaboration with Kirin allows
us to provide our corporate partners with access to Kirin's TC Mouse
transchromosomic technology and a crossbred mouse that combines the
characteristics of our HuMAb-Mouse with Kirin's TC Mouse. Kirin's TC Mouse
contains 100% of the human antibody genes, including the genes for all heavy
chain classes that encode all isotypes, as well as all subclasses of
antibodies. The combination of our HuMAb-Mouse, Kirin's TC Mouse and the new
crossbred mouse will provide us and our partners with a broad range of options
for producing fully human antibodies.
High Affinity Antibodies. Our human antibody technology takes advantage of
the natural affinity maturation process, creating antibodies that, in a number
of cases, have affinities one hundred to one thousand times higher than the
chimeric or humanized antibodies now approved for sale in the United States.
These high affinity antibodies have been made to a wide range of target
antigens. In addition, we can usually generate antibody product candidates in
three to six months. In contrast to antibodies generated using humanization
and phage display technologies, our human antibodies are produced without the
need for any subsequent engineering to make them more human, a process that at
times has proven to be challenging and time consuming. By avoiding the need to
further engineer antibodies, we reduce the risk that an antibody's structure
and function will be altered between the time of the selection of the initial
antibody and the time the final version of the antibody is placed into
production.
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Rapid Development Capabilities. By combining our technology for creating
fully human antibodies with our in-house development and clinical supply
manufacturing expertise, we have been able to progress from immunization to
IND filing in less than 12 months through our T-12 Development Program. We are
using this rapid development capability for the development of our own product
candidates and as a service for our corporate partners.
Diverse Selection of Antibodies Responding to Many Disease Targets. Our
UltiMAb Human Antibody Development System has the potential to generate high
affinity antibodies that recognize more antigen structures than other
technologies. In addition, our human antibody technology has created large
panels of monoclonal antibodies to many potentially medically relevant
antigens. For a given antigen target, the ability to select a product
candidate from a pool of multiple antibodies could be important in selecting
the optimal antibody product for development.
Flexibility for Our Customers. Our human antibody technology can be used
either in our laboratories or in the laboratories of our corporate partners.
This provides our corporate partners with the flexibility to incorporate our
technology into their research and development programs or to contract with us
to produce the antibodies. High affinity antibodies from our human antibody
technology have been made by some of our corporate partners in their own
laboratories in addition to the ones we have made in our facility.
More Efficient Product Development. In contrast to humanization or phage
display, which require the cloning of an antibody gene and the generation of a
recombinant cell line, the B cells generated in our mice can be turned
directly into hybridoma cell lines for human antibody production. Therefore, a
supply of monoclonal antibodies can be produced rapidly to allow the timely
initiation of preclinical and clinical studies. Furthermore, since our human
antibody technology can potentially produce multiple product candidates more
quickly than humanization and phage display technology, preclinical testing
can be conducted on several antibodies in parallel to identify the optimal
product candidate that will be tested in clinical trials.
Certainty of Intellectual Property Rights. We are not aware of any licenses
required to create fully human antibodies to a target owned by the user except
under patents owned or licensed by us. In contrast, various entities hold
patents that may cover the chimerization or humanization of monoclonal
antibodies. In addition, several companies and academic institutions have
developed phage libraries for the creation of monoclonal antibodies, and a
number of companies and academic research centers have received patents that
may apply to the creation of phage-derived monoclonal antibodies.
Our Human Antibody Development Business
We believe that our human antibody technology development experience and
clinical supply manufacturing facilities, will allow us to rapidly create and
develop prolific amounts of fully human antibodies. We intend to develop some
of these product candidates for our own account and some in collaboration with
other companies.
In addition to our UltiMAb Human Antibody Development System, we have
considerable experience in clinical development and clinical supply antibody
manufacturing. To facilitate the development and commercialization of
antibody-based products for us and for our partners, we have assembled a team
of experienced scientific, production and regulatory personnel. This team
operates in our cGMP manufacturing facility, which currently has a capacity of
10 kilograms of monoclonal antibody production per year. Over the last five
years, we have received regulatory approval to commence clinical testing of
eight products in seven countries. By combining our technology for creating
fully human antibodies with our in-house development and manufacturing
expertise, we have been able to progress from immunization to the filing of an
IND in less than 12 months. Although we believe that our existing facilities
are adequate for the production of materials for clinical trials of our
products and for providing the services we offer to our corporate partners in
connection with our human antibody technology, we are in the process of
expanding our manufacturing capabilities. In January 2001, we purchased a
facility in Greenwich, New Jersey. The Greenwich facility contains
approximately 165,000 square feet of laboratory and office space. We intend to
modify the Greenwich facility to increase our capacity to
5
provide materials for clinical trials for our own products, as well as those
under development through our collaborations. In addition, in February 2001,
we purchased 106 acres bordering the Greenwich facility for future expansion
to facilitate commercial-scale manufacturing. However, we do not currently
have the capability to manufacture our products under development in large
commercial quantities and have no experience in commercial-scale
manufacturing.
As part of our Applied Genomics strategy, we have established a number of
collaborations with leading companies that have expertise in genomics and/or
proteomics. We are currently in discussion with several companies that have
identified potential therapeutic targets or have created platforms for the
identification of such targets. We are actively seeking the opportunity to in-
license and/or acquire such targets, and we intend to develop novel
therapeutic products by producing human antibodies that interact with the
targets. Along with our partners, we plan to share equally all costs of
clinical development and will share equally in the revenues, expenses and
profits associated with the products that successfully make it to the market.
We expect to enter into additional collaborations in the future.
We are in the process of developing a number of fully human antibodies
internally, as well as with our corporate partners. Our affiliate, Genmab, is
conducting Phase II clinical trials of HuMax-CD4, an anti-CD4 fully human
antibody being developed for rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. CD4 is a
receptor on T-cells that is believed to be associated with the inflammatory
process. Additionally, we are developing MDX-101 internally. MDX-101 is a
fully human antibody developed through the use of our HuMAb-Mouse technology
that targets an immune receptor known as CTLA-4. This receptor, which is a
protein found on the surface of T-cells, is believed by scientists to suppress
the attack by immune system killer cells on tumors or infectious agents. By
using a fully human antibody to block the activity of CTLA-4, we believe that
patients' immune systems may be able to mount a stronger immune response
against foreign pathogens and cancers. We began Phase I/II clinical testing of
MDX-101 in prostate cancer patients during 2000. In December 2000, one of our
partners, Centocor, filed an IND with the FDA for the investigation of a fully
human antibody product in the treatment of inflammatory disease. This fully
human antibody product was developed using our HuMAb-Mouse technology.
Most of our corporate partners have entered into multi-antigen
collaborations with us that allow them to use our technology broadly
throughout their research and development programs. In those cases, our
corporate partners will need to obtain commercial licenses from us for any
human monoclonal antibodies that they seek to commercialize. To date, a number
of our corporate partners have elected to obtain a commercial license for
monoclonal antibodies to several targets. In some cases, once a corporate
partner has obtained a commercial license for monoclonal antibodies to a given
target, we can no longer license our human antibody technology for that
particular target.
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Our Human Antibody Partnering Business
As of March 21, 2001, we have established partnerships with the following
31 companies to use our technology to produce fully human antibodies to
potential antigen targets. Under these partnerships, we and our corporate
partners intend to generate antibody product candidates for the treatment
and/or diagnosis of cancer, inflammation, transplant rejection, cardiovascular
disease and other diseases.
Partner Date of Agreement
------- -----------------
Immusol, Inc. February 2001
Seattle Genetics, Inc. February 2001
B. Twelve, Inc. January 2001
Novo Nordisk A/S January 2001
Gemini Genomics plc December 2000
Epigen, Inc. November 2000
Eli Lilly & Company November 2000, January 2001
ZymoGenetics, Inc. October 2000
Oxford GlycoSciences plc September 2000
Athersys, Inc. August 2000
Biosite Diagnostics Incorporated June 2000
Corixa Corporation June 2000
MedImmune, Inc. June 2000
Coulter Pharmaceutical, Inc./1/ April 2000
Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Incorporated March 2000
Raven Biotechnologies, Inc. March 2000
Kirin Brewery Co., Ltd. December 1999
IDM, S.A. December 1999
Amgen, Inc. September 1999
Eos Biotechnology, Inc. August 1999, February 2000
Genmab A/S March 1999, August 2000
Immunex Corporation January 1999
Novartis Pharma AG November 1998
medac GmbH September 1998
FibroGen, Inc. July 1998
Bristol-Myers Squibb Company June 1998
EluSys Therapeutics, Inc. May 1998
Schering AG February 1998, May 1999
Centocor, Inc., a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson February 1997, May 2000
LeukoSite, Inc., a subsidiary of Millennium Phar-
maceuticals, Inc. January 1995, February 1999
Eisai Co., Ltd. May 1993
--------
/1/ Coulter merged with Corixa in December 2000.
We expect that substantially all of our revenues over the next few years
will come from payments from our existing and future corporate partners. These
collaborations typically provide our corporate partners with access to our
human antibody technology for the purpose of generating fully human antibodies
to specific antigen targets identified by our corporate partners. In most
cases, we provide our mice to our corporate partners who then immunize the
mice to generate fully human antibodies. In other cases, we may immunize the
mice with our corporate partner's antigen.
Our Corporate Partnerships
In general, we have two types of fully human antibody partnerships: (1)
those in which Medarex licenses its human antibody generation technology to
our partners; and (2) those in which Medarex collaborates with a partner to
jointly develop and commercialize human antibody products.
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Licenses of Our Technology for the Development of Fully Human Antibodies by
Our Partners
The financial terms of our licensing partnerships typically include license
fees and a series of milestone payments commencing upon initiation of clinical
trials through commercialization. These fees and milestones may total up to $7
to $10 million per antibody if the antibody receives approval from the FDA and
equivalent foreign agencies. Under these partnerships, we also will receive
royalties on any product sales. In some cases, our corporate partners
reimburse us for research and development activities conducted on their
behalf. Generally, under the terms of these agreements, our corporate partners
are responsible for all costs of product development, manufacturing and
marketing of any products.
Most of these licensing partnerships share a similar structure to that
described above. There is usually an initial period during which our corporate
partner may elect to enter into a research license for antibodies to a
particular designated target. Subsequently, our corporate partner may elect to
obtain a commercial license for monoclonal antibodies to a particular target.
As of March 21, 2001, we have entered into 22 such partnerships, each of which
is further described below.
Novo Nordisk. In January 2001, we entered into an agreement with Novo
Nordisk A/S to develop fully human antibodies to multiple disease targets
identified by Novo Nordisk. Novo Nordisk will develop and commercialize any
human antibody products resulting from this agreement. We will receive certain
upfront payments and could receive milestone payments as well as royalties on
commercial sales of products resulting from our agreement with Novo Nordisk.
B. Twelve. In January 2001, we entered into an agreement with B. Twelve,
Inc. to develop fully human antibodies to several cancer related targets
identified by B. Twelve's technology. B. Twelve will develop and commercialize
human antibody products resulting from this agreement. We could receive
license fees and milestone payments as well as royalties on commercial sales
of products resulting from our agreement with B. Twelve. We have received B.
Twelve common stock representing approximately 9% of B. Twelve's outstanding
shares. The value of the shares received by us will be applied against certain
license fees and milestone payments payable by B. Twelve to us under the terms
of this agreement.
Eli Lilly. In November 2000, we entered into an agreement with Eli Lilly &
Co. to develop fully human antibodies to multiple disease targets identified
by Lilly. In January 2001, this collaboration was expanded to allow Lilly to
utilize Trans-Phage Technology through our collaboration with Biosite. Lilly
will develop and commercialize any human antibody products resulting from this
agreement. We could receive license fees and milestone payments as well as
royalties on commercial sales of products resulting from our agreement with
Lilly.
ZymoGenetics. In October 2000, we entered into an agreement with
ZymoGenetics, Inc. to develop fully human antibody therapeutics. The companies
plan to combine our fully human monoclonal antibody development technology and
ZymoGenetic's expertise in the field of genomics and protein therapeutics to
create antibodies to multiple disease targets identified by ZymoGenetics.
ZymoGenetics will develop and commercialize human antibody products resulting
from this agreement. We could receive license fees and milestone payments as
well as royalties on commercial sales of products resulting from our agreement
with ZymoGenetics.
MedImmune. In June 2000, we entered into an agreement with MedImmune, Inc.
to develop fully human antibodies to multiple disease targets identified by
MedImmune. Under the terms of the agreement, MedImmune received an exclusive,
worldwide license for the use of our human antibody technology for the
development of antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus, or RSV, and an
option to further license the use of this technology for additional antigens.
We will receive technology access fees, and could receive license fees and
milestone payments as well as royalties on commercial sales of products
resulting from our agreement with MedImmune.
Biosite. In June 2000, we entered into an agreement with Biosite
Diagnostics Incorporated aimed at accelerating drug research via Trans-Phage
Technology. This high throughput method to create fully human antibodies
combines the immunological power of our human antibody technology with the
speed of Biosite's
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Omniclonal phage display technology. Through this partnership, Biosite and our
company will offer pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies access to large
volumes of high-affinity, fully human antibodies to validate genomic targets
and to identify promising drug candidates. Under the terms of the agreement,
Biosite will receive research funding of $3 million per year over eight years
from us, along with research fees and, if any products are generated through
the partnership, milestone payments and royalties. Biosite may also receive
diagnostic rights to targets identified through the partnership. We
anticipate, as a result of this agreement, receiving payments from third-party
partners, including milestone payments, royalties and reimbursement payments,
that may offset the research funding being paid to Biosite.
Coulter/Corixa. In April 2000, we entered into an agreement with Coulter
Pharmaceutical, Inc. which merged with Corixa Corporation in December 2000, to
develop fully human antibodies against a number of specific target antigens
identified by Corixa. Corixa will have the option to obtain exclusive
commercial rights to these antibodies. We could receive research and
development payments, license fees and milestone payments, as well as
royalties on commercial sales products resulting from our agreement with
Corixa.
Raven. In March 2000, we entered into an agreement with Raven
Biotechnologies, Inc. to develop fully human antibodies to multiple disease
targets identified by Raven using their integrated platform of comprehensive
cell surface mapping. Raven will develop and commercialize any human antibody
products resulting from this agreement. We could receive research payments,
license fees and milestone payments as well as royalties on commercial sales
of products resulting from our agreement with Raven.
Kirin. In December 1999, we entered into a binding letter of intent with
Kirin Brewery Co., Ltd. providing for the global commercialization of
technology for creating fully human monoclonal antibodies. Under the terms of
this letter of intent, Kirin was designated as the primary distributor of our
HuMAb-Mouse technology in Asia, and we were designated as the primary
distributor of Kirin's TC Mouse outside of Asia. Kirin paid us $12 million in
upfront fees and is expected to pay certain additional payments over the term
of this arrangement. We have exchanged broad licenses with Kirin, subject to
milestone and royalty payments, for use of each other's technology for the
development of human antibody therapeutic products. The binding letter of
intent with Kirin includes the principal terms of the transaction. These terms
are not subject to change except upon mutual consent and will be incorporated
into a definitive agreement. Any additional terms are subject to the execution
of the definitive agreement. Under the terms of the letter of intent, any
disagreements that arise with respect to such additional terms are subject to
binding arbitration. As part of our partnership with Kirin, we have recently
expanded our fully-integrated human antibody technology platform with the
development of a unique crossbred mouse, which combines the unique traits of
our HuMAb-Mouse with Kirin's TC Mouse, as the newest addition to our UltiMAb
Human Antibody Development System.
IDM. In December 1999, we entered into an agreement with IDM, S.A. to
develop fully human antibodies to multiple disease targets identified by IDM.
IDM will develop and commercialize any human antibody products resulting from
this agreement. We could receive research payments, license fees and milestone
payments as well as royalties on commercial sales of products resulting from
our agreement with IDM.
Amgen. In September 1999, we entered into an agreement with Amgen, Inc. to
develop fully human antibodies to multiple disease targets identified by
Amgen. Amgen will develop and commercialize any human antibody products
resulting from this agreement. We have received research payments and could
receive license fees and milestone payments, as well as royalties on
commercial sales of products resulting from our agreement with Amgen.
Eos Biotechnology. In August 1999, we entered into an agreement with Eos
Biotechnology, Inc. to develop fully human antibodies to multiple disease
targets identified by Eos. In February 2001, this collaboration was expanded
to allow Eos Biotechnology to utilize Trans-Phage Technology through our
collaboration with Biosite.
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We could receive research payments, license fees and milestone payments as
well as royalties on commercial sales of products resulting from our agreement
with Eos. This partnership is in addition to our collaboration with Eos,
entered into in February 2000, for the development and commercialization of
genomics-derived antibody-based therapeutic products.
Immunex. In January 1999, we entered into an agreement with Immunex
Corporation to develop fully human antibodies to multiple disease targets
identified by Immunex. Immunex will develop and commercialize any human
antibody products resulting from this agreement. We will receive technology
access fees and could receive research payments, license fees and milestone
payments as well as royalties on commercial sales of products resulting from
our agreement with Immunex.
Novartis. In November 1998, we entered into an agreement with Novartis
Pharma AG to develop fully human antibodies to multiple disease targets
identified by Novartis. Novartis will develop and commercialize any human
antibody products resulting from this agreement. Under the terms of the
agreement, Novartis made an initial equity investment in our common stock of
$2 million. Novartis made an additional $1 million equity investment in
Medarex in November 1999. A further $3 million in equity purchases may be made
after the initial five-year term of the agreement. In addition, we could
receive research payments, license fees and milestone payments as well as
royalties on commercial sales of products resulting from our agreement with
Novartis.
medac. In September 1998, we entered into an agreement with medac GmbH to
utilize our human antibody technology to produce a new bispecific antibody to
treat Hodgkin's Lymphoma. We are employing our human antibody technology to
generate a fully human monoclonal antibody to CD30, a potential cancer antigen
for which medac claims proprietary rights. medac will develop and
commercialize any human antibody products resulting from this agreement. We
could receive license fees and milestone payments as well as royalties on
commercial sales of products resulting from our agreement with medac.
FibroGen. In July 1998, we entered into an agreement with FibroGen, Inc. to
develop fully human antibodies against multiple disease targets identified by
FibroGen. FibroGen's proprietary targets include connective tissue growth
factor, or CTGF, and its processed fragments, bone morphogenic protein 1 and
tolloids, key proteins implicated in fibrotic disease. FibroGen will develop
and commercialize any human antibody products resulting from this agreement.
We could receive research and development payments, license fees, milestone
payments and royalties on commercial sales of products resulting from our
agreement with FibroGen.
Bristol-Myers Squibb. In June 1998, we entered into an agreement with
Bristol-Myers Squibb Company to develop fully human antibodies to multiple
disease targets identified by Bristol-Myers Squibb. Bristol-Myers Squibb will
develop and commercialize any human antibody products resulting from this
agreement. We could receive license fees and milestone payments as well as
royalties on commercial sales of products resulting from our agreement with
Bristol-Myers Squibb.
EluSys. In May 1998, we entered into an agreement with EluSys Therapeutics,
Inc. to develop fully human antibodies to a proprietary disease target
identified by EluSys. EluSys will develop and commercialize any human antibody
products resulting from this agreement. We could receive license fees,
milestone payments and preclinical and clinical manufacturing payments as well
as royalties on commercial sales of products resulting from our agreement with
EluSys.
Schering AG. In February 1998, we entered into an agreement with Schering
AG to develop fully human antibodies to a proprietary disease target
identified by Schering AG. In May 1999, this collaboration was expanded to
include additional disease targets. Schering AG will develop and commercialize
any human antibody products resulting from this agreement. We could receive
research and development payments, a license fee, milestone payments as well
as royalties on commercial sales of products resulting from our agreement with
Schering AG.
Centocor. In February 1997, we entered into a Research and
Commercialization Agreement (the "Original Centocor Agreement") with Centocor,
Inc., which is now a subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson. This Agreement
10
was superseded by an Evaluation, Research and Commercialization Agreement that
was entered into between us and Centocor in May 2000. The agreement is for the
use of our human antibody technology in the development of fully human
antibodies to an unlimited number of antigens identified by Centocor. Centocor
will develop and commercialize any human antibody products resulting from this
agreement. Under the Original Centocor Agreement, Centocor made an equity
investment in our company of $4 million, which was paid in 1998. In addition,
we received $4 million in January 1999 for the exercise of Centocor's option
for commercial rights to certain antibodies. We could receive additional
milestone payments as well as royalties on commercial sales of products
resulting from our agreement with Centocor.
LeukoSite. In January 1995, we entered into an agreement with LeukoSite,
Inc., which is now a subsidiary of Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., to
develop fully human antibodies to certain specified disease targets identified
by LeukoSite. The term of the LeukoSite agreement and the research program to
be conducted thereunder were extended in 1996. In February 1999, we and
LeukoSite expanded this agreement to allow LeukoSite the ability to utilize
our human antibody technology as part of its discovery research program. In
exchange, we received additional rights to an anti-IL-8 antibody that we were
previously jointly developing with LeukoSite for the treatment of psoriasis.
LeukoSite will develop and commercialize any human antibody products resulting
from this agreement, other than products comprising the anti-IL-8 antibody. We
could receive milestone payments and royalties on commercial sales of products
developed and commercialized by LeukoSite using our human antibody technology.
Eisai. In May 1993, we, through GenPharm, our wholly-owned subsidiary,
entered into an agreement with Eisai Co., Ltd. to fund the development and
initial manufacture of a human antibody product to a specific antigen. The
Eisai agreement and subsequent amendments provide for $12 million of research
payments as well as a further $18.5 million of milestone and other payments.
To date, we have received research and milestone payments totaling $13.6
million. An IND was filed with the FDA in 1998 for the first of the human
antibody products developed through this collaboration, and a Phase I clinical
trial in rheumatoid arthritis commenced in January 1999. Eisai has exclusive
marketing rights for Japan and for countries in Asia and Europe. We originally
retained marketing rights for North America and the remaining parts of the
world. However, these rights were licensed to Genmab in 1999. We are entitled
to receive royalty payments on sales by Eisai as well as payments from Eisai
in consideration for any manufacturing services that we provide to Eisai.
Our Applied Genomics Collaborations to Jointly Develop Fully Human Antibodies
with Our Collaborators
Genomics researchers have suggested that scientists may identify as many as
4,000 to 15,000 novel targets, many of which will be appropriate for
monoclonal antibody-based products. As part of our Applied Genomics strategy,
we have established a number of collaborations with leading companies that
have expertise in genomics and proteomics. Along with our collaborators, we
plan to share equally all costs of clinical development and will share equally
in the revenues, expenses and profits associated with the products that
successfully make it to the market. As of March 21, 2001, we have formed eight
such collaborations, each of which is further described below.
Immusol. In February 2001, we entered into a binding memorandum of
understanding with Immusol, Inc. to jointly develop and commercialize fully
human antibody therapeutic products to targets discovered by Immusol's Inverse
Genomics(TM) technology platform. We plan to generate antibodies to the
Immusol targets using our fully human antibody technology. We and Immusol will
share costs and responsibilities leading to the anticipated commercialization
of therapeutic products, including preclinical and clinical development and
marketing efforts. Additionally, Medarex has made a $5 million equity
investment in Immusol.
Seattle Genetics. In February 2001, we entered into a collaboration with
Seattle Genetics, Inc. to jointly develop and commercialize fully human
antibody therapeutic products to specific cancer targets identified by Seattle
Genetics. We plan to generate antibodies to the Seattle Genetics targets using
our fully human antibody technology. We and Seattle Genetics will share costs
and responsibilities leading to the anticipated commercialization of
therapeutic products, including preclinical and clinical development and
marketing efforts.
11
In addition, we have purchased $2 million of common stock directly from
Seattle Genetics in a private placement concurrent with Seattle Genetics'
initial public offering in March 2001.
Epigen. In November 2000, we entered into a binding memorandum of
understanding with Epigen, Inc. to jointly develop and commercialize fully
human antibody therapeutic products to one or more specific cancer targets
identified by Epigen. We plan to generate antibodies to the Epigen targets
using our fully human antibody technology. We and Epigen will share costs and
responsibilities leading to the anticipated commercialization of therapeutic
products, including preclinical and clinical development and marketing
efforts.
Oxford GlycoSciences plc. In September 2000, we entered into a binding
memorandum of understanding with Oxford GlycoSciences plc to develop novel
therapeutics produced through the joint application of Medarex's fully human
monoclonal antibody technology and Oxford GlycoSciences' proprietary
proteomics technology for high-throughput protein analysis and target
validation. Our European rights to these products are subject to our
Collaboration with Genmab as described below. We and Oxford GlycoSciences will
share costs and responsibilities leading to the anticipated commercialization
of therapeutic products, including preclinical and clinical development and
marketing efforts. As part of this agreement, we made a $5 million equity
investment in Oxford GlycoSciences. We subsequently sold one half of this
equity interest to Genmab for $2.5 million.
Athersys. In August 2000, we entered into a binding memorandum of
understanding with Athersys, Inc. to jointly develop and commercialize fully
human antibody therapeutic products to 10 or more targets identified by
Athersys utilizing its expertise in proteomics. These targets are expected to
be in the fields of cancer and other life-threatening or debilitating
diseases. We plan to generate antibodies to the Athersys targets using our
fully human antibody technology. We and Athersys will share costs and
responsibilities leading to the anticipated commercialization of therapeutic
products, including preclinical and clinical development and marketing
efforts. As part of this agreement we made a $5 million equity investment in
Athersys. Our investment was based on the $47.5 million private placement
completed by Athersys in May, 2000.
Corixa. In June 2000, we entered into a collaboration with Corixa
Corporation to jointly develop and commercialize fully human antibody
therapeutic products to selected targets from Corixa's library of proprietary
autoimmune disease, cancer and infectious disease antigens. Corixa intends to
contribute three targets initially and up to six or more targets a year during
the term of the agreement. We will contribute our human antibody technology to
the multi-year collaboration, targeted to generate, screen and characterize
fully human monoclonal antibodies directed against the Corixa targets. Corixa,
and in some cases we, will then be responsible for determining whether the
characterized antibodies have an immunotherapeutic effect in tissue culture
experiments and in animal models of human disease. When antibodies are jointly
determined to be worthy of clinical investigation, a closed auction will be
held between us and Corixa for the rights to develop the specific antibody-
based product(s). The company with the winning bid will pay the bid amount in
cash to the other company and will be responsible at that point in time for
all product development and commercialization expenses and decisions. The
other company will receive future product development milestone payments and
royalties on future product sales.
Regeneron. In March 2000, the Company entered into a binding letter of
intent with Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Incorporated to combine our human
antibody technology with Regeneron's target identification expertise. The two
companies plan to jointly discover, develop and commercialize human antibodies
as therapeutics. The companies have selected more than twenty initial targets,
including growth factors, cytokines and receptors, and anticipate adding
additional targets in the future. The two companies have agreed to share
preclinical and clinical responsibilities and costs, and the two companies
have the right to jointly market any drugs that result from this
collaboration.
Eos Biotechnology. In February 2000, we entered into a binding letter of
intent with Eos Biotechnology, Inc. to jointly develop and commercialize fully
human antibody therapeutic products to targets identified by Eos. Eos expects
to identify novel disease targets associated with life threatening diseases
that may include breast,
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colorectal and prostate cancers. Under the terms of this letter of intent, Eos
will be responsible for all costs of developing the products through Phase IIa
clinical trials. Thereafter, we will share all revenue and expenses with Eos
on an equal basis with respect to at least six and up to nine product
candidates in the event that such candidates have successfully completed Phase
IIa clinical trials. The letter of intent also grants us certain rights with
respect to the manufacture of any such product candidates developed through
the alliance, as well as the right to become the exclusive licensee in Europe
for certain product candidates (which rights are subject to our collaboration
with Genmab as described below). In exchange for these rights, in May 2000 we
paid $5 million to Eos Biotechnology and deposited an additional $20 million
in a third party escrow account, to be released over time to Eos Biotechnology
upon the achievement of certain milestones. Eos Biotechnology will also
receive up to $75 million in value as credits against certain license fees,
milestone payments and royalties that they may otherwise owe to us under our
HuMAb-Mouse collaboration with Eos Biotechnology and for other Eos
Biotechnology collaborations. In addition, in September 2000, we purchased
shares of Eos preferred stock for an aggregate purchase price of $2.5 million,
which was part of a $27.5 million private placement by Eos.
Our Genmab Collaborations
In March 1999, we and a group of unrelated third party investors formed
Genmab A/S, a new Danish biotechnology company. Genmab was established to
develop and commercialize a portfolio of fully human antibodies derived from
the our HuMAb-Mouse technology. Initially, we contributed a license to our
human antibody technology for producing antibodies to particular targets in
exchange for approximately 44% of Genmab's share capital. During Genmab's
initial 12 months of operation, Genmab raised additional equity and, in
connection therewith, we agreed to expand our license to provide Genmab with
broader rights to our human antibody technology in exchange for further
equity, thereby maintaining our level of ownership in Genmab's share capital.
In addition, in connection with a private placement in May 2000, we made a
cash investment of $18 million in Genmab thus maintaining our approximately
44% ownership interest in Genmab. In August 2000, we received additional
equity in connection with the Genomics Agreement (as described below) which
increased our equity interest in Genmab to approximately 45%.
On August 26, 2000, we entered into a binding memorandum of understanding
(the "Genmab Genomics Agreement") with Genmab, pursuant to which we granted
Genmab exclusive rights to market our transgenic mouse technologies for multi-
target (five or more targets) genomics partnerships to certain pharmaceutical
and biotechnology companies whose headquarters are located in Europe. Under
the terms of this Genmab Genomics Agreement, Genmab may market our human
antibody technology for multi-target partnerships to any European-based
company except for: (i) our current partners, including Novartis Pharma AG,
Merck KGaA, Schering AG, Aventis Behring LLC, IDM S.A. and Scil Biomedicals
GmbH; and (ii) any European based pharmaceutical company with worldwide
revenues in excess of $1 billion in 1999, provided, however, that Genmab may
market our mouse technology to Sanofi/Synthelabo and Boehringer Ingelheim.
Genmab has granted us certain rights to develop and commercialize, outside of
Europe, products arising from Genmab's European-based alliances. We retain all
rights to market our technology to companies headquartered outside of Europe.
Certain license fees, milestones and royalties due to us under our existing
Evaluation and Commercialization Agreement with Genmab were reduced. The
Genmab Genomics Agreement also provides that, under certain circumstances, we
must negotiate in good faith to manufacture antibodies for such partnerships.
In addition, under the terms of the Genmab Genomics Agreement, we granted
Genmab an option to receive certain rights in Europe with respect to the
development and commercialization of up to four antibody products we may
obtain through our alliance with Eos Biotechnology. Finally, the European
Genomics Agreement grants Genmab certain rights to access technologies
acquired by us from Biosite Diagnostics Incorporated and Kirin.
The Genmab Genomics Agreement has an initial term of five years with a
right exercisable by Genmab to extend the term for an additional two years.
For each year of the agreement and during the term of any extension, we will
receive $2 million per year from Genmab. At Genmab's option, these amounts may
be paid in either cash or capital stock. As part of this transaction, in
August 2000, we received 279,760 shares of Genmab stock valued at $2 million,
representing payment for the first year.
13
In September 2000, we entered into an amended and restated agreement (the
"Amended Genmab Genomics Agreement") with Genmab, pursuant to which we agreed
to assign to Genmab 100% of our economic interest in each product we jointly
develop with OGS and sell in Europe (a "Medarex/OGS product") and 50% of our
economic interest in each Medarex/OGS product sold outside of North America
and Europe. Under the terms of the Amended Genmab Genomics Agreement, if a
Medarex/OGS Product is intended to be sold only in Europe, Genmab will
reimburse us for 100% of our research, development, manufacturing and
commercialization expenses associated with such product. If the Medarex/OGS
Product is to be sold only in North America, Genmab will not be obligated to
reimburse us for any such expenses. In all other cases, Genmab will reimburse
us for 50% of such expenses. In addition, we sold one-half of our equity
interest in OGS to GenMab for $2.5 million, which was our original cost of
such equity interest.
In October 2000, Genmab became a publicly listed company on the Copenhagen
Stock Exchange (GEN) and the German Neuer Markt (GE9D). As a result of raising
the equivalent of $187 million, our ownership was diluted to 33%. We currently
account for Genmab under the equity rules of accounting.
Gemini. In December 2000, Genmab and Medarex entered into a collaboration
with Gemini Genomics plc, to develop human antibody therapeutic products for
multiple novel disease targets. Genmab and Gemini plan to focus on several
therapeutic areas, including osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, diabetes
and obesity. Medarex will also contribute resources to the collaboration and
will share certain costs and commercial rights associated with the
collaboration.
Our Humanized and Murine Monoclonal Antibody Business
With the rapid increase of antigen targets being developed, particularly by
genomics companies, the focus of our business is concentrated on fully human
antibody development. As a result, we have entered into a number of
collaborations whereby our corporate partners will bear significant
responsibility for the development and commercialization of certain of our
humanized and murine monoclonal antibody-based products. Currently, these
products employ murine and humanized monoclonal antibody technologies for the
treatment of cancer, autoimmune disorders and ophthalmic conditions.
Scil Biomedicals. In January 2000, we entered into a binding letter of
intent with Scil Biomedicals GmbH, for the development of MDX-210, our
antibody-based product for the treatment of cancers overexpressing HER-2, for
applications outside cellular therapy. Scil was formed by certain owners and
senior executives of Boehringer Mannheim following the acquisition of
Boehringer Mannheim by Roche Holding AG. MDX-210 is in Phase II trials for the
treatment of patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer. Scil has agreed
to pay us an upfront fee of $2 million, of which $500,000 was received in
January 2000 and is being recognized as revenue over a 36 month period. In
addition, Scil will pay all of the remaining costs of the Phase II trials and
has agreed to fund 100% of the Phase III costs necessary to obtain regulatory
approval in North America and Europe up to a maximum of $17 million. Scil will
have the rights to commercialize MDX-210 in Europe, subject to royalties
payable to us. If we elect to fund 50% of the Phase III costs, we will retain
all rights outside of Europe; if we elect to have Scil pay all of the Phase
III costs, we will share copromotion rights in North America with Scil.
In August 2000, we entered into an agreement with Scil whereby we
transferred certain development and commercialization rights for MDX-RA to
Scil. A Phase III placebo controlled clinical trial of MDX-RA for the
prevention of secondary cataracts was commenced by Medarex in December 1997.
In November 1998, we voluntarily suspended the Phase III trial after 565
patients had been treated. The reason for the suspension was the occurrence of
serious adverse events, or SAEs, in seven patients receiving a placebo and six
treated with MDX-RA. At this time, in light of current market conditions
relating to secondary cataracts and the data from the suspended Phase III
trial, we believe that it is unlikely that Medarex will resume clinical trials
with respect to MDX-RA.
The principal terms of the Scil collaboration with respect to MDX-210 are
contained in the binding letter of intent and will be incorporated into a
definitive agreement. In the event we are unable to execute a definitive
14
agreement with Scil, we intend to seek additional collaborative partners for
the development and commercialization of MDX-210.
IDM. In July 2000, we entered into a Unit Purchase Agreement and an Amended
and Restated Technology Access Agreement with IDM, S.A. whereby we licensed to
IDM certain of our technologies in exchange for equity units in IDM. Under the
agreement, IDM has acquired worldwide rights to the use of Medarex's MDX-210
anti-HER2 product in connection with cell therapy. IDM initiated a Phase III
clinical trial of MDX-210 in ovarian cancer in connection with IDM's
macrophage activated killer, or MAK, cells in 2000. IDM has also acquired
certain rights to MDX-220 and MDX-447 in all fields. It is expected that MDX-
220 will be developed for colon and prostate cancer and MDX-447 will be
developed for tumors over-expressing the epidermal growth factor receptor, or
EGFr. We originally developed MDX-447 in conjunction with Merck KGaA. Merck
has the rights to commercialize MDX-447 in Europe, to negotiate for co-
marketing or co-promotion rights in the United States, and has a 50%
commercial interest outside Europe and the United States. IDM has also
acquired the right to receive royalty payments from third party sales in
Europe of MDX-210, outside the field of cell therapy, and MDX-RA.
The commercial rights to our MDX-447 and MDX-220 products were transferred
to IDM pursuant to this agreement. MDX-220 is in Phase I/II clinical trials
for colon and prostate cancer. IDM will pay all of the further costs of
development of these products.
As a result of this transaction, we have recorded a gain from the transfer
of its technology of approximately $40.5 million (based upon an independent
valuation) in the third quarter of 2000. In October 2000 we participated in a
private placement of equity interests in IDM and purchased additional equity
of approximately $5.2 million, which was part of a $41.5 million private
placement. Our equity position in IDM after completion of the private
placement is approximately 6%. In the event that we exercise certain warrants
held by us to purchase convertible or redeemable bonds of IDM and such bonds
are converted or redeemed, our equity position in IDM would be approximately
29%. These warrants are exercisable between September 2002 and September 2010,
and such bonds may be converted or redeemed within six months of such
exercise.
Aventis Behring. In April 1996, we announced a collaborative arrangement
with Aventis Behring LLC to jointly develop MDX-33, a humanized monoclonal
antibody for the treatment of a variety of autoimmune hematological disorders.
MDX-33 is designed for the treatment of ITP, an autoimmune condition in which
patients' platelets are destroyed by their own immune systems. Conventional
treatments include steroids, removal of the spleen and high doses of
intravenous IgG. We believe that intravenous IgG creates an antibody blockade
by overwhelming certain receptors on immune system killer cells with extremely
large quantities of antibodies, thus minimizing the effects of the auto-
antibodies. MDX-33 is designed to reduce the number of these receptors, and we
believe that MDX-33 may achieve the same therapeutic results as large doses of
IgG. In December 2000, positive results of the MDX-33 Phase II clinical trials
were announced.
Under the terms of the agreement, Aventis Behring will finance product
development through Phase II clinical trials up to a maximum of $20 million.
Upon successful completion of these clinical trials, Aventis Behring will also
fund Phase III clinical trials, regulatory approvals and commercial launch
costs. Subject to the terms of the agreement, we could receive payments from
Aventis Behring for the achievement of specific milestones. Upon
commercialization, Aventis Behring will have exclusive worldwide marketing
rights to MDX-33 for autoimmune hematological disorders, and we will be
entitled to royalty payments and may also manufacture the product for Aventis
Behring.
MDX-44. We are also internally developing MDX-44, our monoclonal antibody-
based product for the treatment of psoriasis and other dermatological
conditions. MDX-44 is an immunoconjugate consisting of a humanized antibody
linked to ricin. Promising results of animal testing of MDX-44 were published
in the January 2000 issue of Nature Biotechnology. We initiated a Phase I
clinical trial for MDX-44 in patients with atopic dermatitis in 2000.
15
Our Cross License Agreement With Abgenix
In 1994, prior to our acquisition of GenPharm, Abgenix, Inc. and related
entities brought a lawsuit against GenPharm relating to intellectual property
issues involved in creating transgenic mice capable of generating fully human
antibodies. GenPharm filed counterclaims, and the litigation was settled in
March 1997 upon the execution of a patent cross-license and settlement
agreement. Under the terms of this agreement, GenPharm granted a license, on a
non-exclusive basis, to certain patents, patent applications, third party
licenses and inventions pertaining to the development and use of certain
transgenic rodents, including mice, that produce fully human antibodies. In
exchange for this license, GenPharm received payments in 1997, and after our
acquisition of GenPharm we received payments, including interest, from Abgenix
and its related parties, which totaled approximately $38.6 million. Neither
Abgenix nor any of its related entities have any further payment obligations
to us under the agreement. Neither we nor GenPharm were required to make any
payments to Abgenix or any related entity under the terms of the agreement.
The agreement also provides us with a non-exclusive license to certain
intellectual property held by Abgenix.
Research Collaborations
Utrecht University. Medarex Europe B.V., our wholly-owned European
subsidiary, has established an alliance with Utrecht University, the largest
research university in the Netherlands. Research is being conducted with our
human antibody technology and related areas of immunotherapy. Medarex Europe's
personnel currently share some facilities and equipment at Utrecht University
with Genmab, and Utrecht University has provided and may continue to provide
certain research and development services to Genmab.
Marketing
Our potential products fall into two groups: those intended to be marketed
and sold jointly by us and our collaborators and those expected to be marketed
and sold solely by our corporate partners. We believe that a small sales force
could successfully introduce and detail certain of our potential products that
have concentrated marketplaces. Currently, we have no such sales force. We may
develop our own internal sales force for these products if they proceed to
commercialization.
We acknowledge that the successful marketing of some of our potential
products is beyond the capabilities of all but the largest pharmaceutical
organizations. For this reason, we may license to major pharmaceutical
companies individual products serving very large markets or those that will be
widely distributed geographically, if the products are approved by the FDA.
Regulatory Issues
General. The production, distribution and marketing of products employing
our technology and our research and development activities are subject to
extensive governmental regulation in the United States and other countries.
Our products are regulated both as drugs and as biological products in the
United States subject to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and the
Public Health Service Act, both as amended, and the regulations promulgated
thereunder, as well as to other federal and state statutes and regulations.
These statutes and regulations govern the testing, manufacture, safety,
effectiveness, approval, labeling, distribution, storage, record keeping,
approval, advertising and promotion of our products. Product development and
approval within this regulatory scheme, if successful, will take many years
and involve the expenditure of substantial resources. Violations of regulatory
requirements at any stage may result in various adverse consequences,
including FDA's delay in approving or refusal to approve a product. Violations
of regulatory requirements also may result in agency enforcement actions
including withdrawal of approval, labeling restrictions, seizure of products,
fines, injunctions, and/or civil or criminal penalties.
Products employing our technology in the United States are regulated by the
FDA in accordance with the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, the Public
Health Service Act and other laws. The standard process
16
required by the FDA before a therapeutic drug or biological product may be
marketed in the United States includes:
. preclinical laboratory and animal tests;
. submission to the FDA of an application for an IND, which must become
effective before human clinical trials may commence;
. preliminary human clinical studies to evaluate the drug or biologic and
its manner of use; and
. adequate and well-controlled human clinical trials to establish (i) for
a drug, whether it is safe and effective for its intended uses, and (ii)
for a biological product, whether it is also safe, pure, and potent, and
the facility in which it is manufactured, processed, or packed meets
standards designed to assure the product's continued safety, purity, and
potency.
If the product is regulated as a drug, the FDA Center for Drug Evaluation
and Research, or CDER, will require the submission and approval of a New Drug
Application, or NDA, before commercial marketing may begin. If the product is
regulated as a biologic, such as antibodies, the FDA Center for Biologics
Evaluation and Research, or CBER, will require the submission and approval of
a Biologic License Application, or BLA, before commercial marketing may begin.
As part of the NDA or BLA processes, the manufacturer is required to
accumulate, and submit to the FDA for review and approval, a significant
amount of data concerning the safety and effectiveness (and, in the case of a
biologic, potency) from laboratory/animal testing and clinical studies,
manufacturing, product stability and other studies to support the proposed
clinical therapeutic use. Each domestic and foreign biopharmaceutical
manufacturing establishment, including our contract manufacturers, must also
be registered with the FDA. The application will not be approved until FDA
conducts a manufacturing inspection and approves the applicable manufacturing
process for the drug or biological product. If the manufacturing facilities
and processes fail to pass the inspection, we will not receive approval to
market these products.
Under the Prescription Drug User Fee Act, the FDA receives fees for
reviewing a BLA or NDA and supplements thereto, for each commercial
manufacturing establishment and for each product. These fees can be
significant; the NDA or BLA review fee can, by itself, exceed $270,000
although certain deferrals, waivers and reductions may be available. Although
user fees can be significant, they are not a significant expense in the
overall cost of product development and the regulatory process. In addition,
under the law and FDA regulations, each NDA or BLA submitted for FDA approval
is reviewed usually within the 45 to 60 days following submission of the
application for administrative completeness and reviewability. If deemed
complete, the FDA will "file" the NDA or BLA, triggering substantive review of
the application. The FDA can refuse to file any NDA or BLA that it deems
incomplete or not easily reviewable. If the FDA refuses to file an
application, the FDA will retain 25% percent of the user fee as a penalty. FDA
has established a goal of reviewing NDAs and BLAs within specified periods--
six months for priority applications and twelve months for regular
applications--but FDA is not legally required to complete its review within
these periods. Moreover, the outcome of the review, even if generally
favorable, typically is not an actual approval but an "action letter" that
describes additional work that must be done before the application can be
approved. The application may be resubmitted after incorporating the
additional information or changes demanded by the FDA, or it may be requested
that the application be filed for substantive review over protest. In either
case, a new NDA or BLA review fee may be required.
Moreover, we are now, and may become subject to additional, various
federal, state and local laws, regulations and recommendations relating to
safe working conditions, laboratory practices, the experimental use of animals
and the use, storage, handling and disposal of waste and hazardous substances,
including radioactive and toxic materials and infectious disease agents used
in conjunction with our research work.
Certain issues that have potential impact on future marketing of products
employing our technology are summarized in the following paragraphs.
17
Research, Development and the Clinical Trials Process. The production of
therapeutic products generally involves research, development and human
clinical trials.
Research refers to the discovery or identification of potential product
candidates, initial work on new applications of technology and other
associated discovery work.
Development involves the further evaluation of biological functions,
testing in pre-clinical models, improvement of laboratory scale production
methods, and the performance of other work necessary to optimize product
performance prior to the commencement of clinical testing in humans.
Before a therapeutic product may be sold in the United States and other
countries, clinical trials of the product must be conducted and the results
submitted to the appropriate regulatory agencies for approval. In the United
States, these clinical trial programs generally involve a three-phase process.
Typically, Phase I studies are conducted in small numbers of healthy
volunteers or, on occasion, in patients afflicted with the target disease, to
determine the early side effect profile and the pattern of drug
pharmacokinetics distribution and metabolism. In Phase II, studies are
conducted in larger groups of patients afflicted with the target disease to
validate the clinical end point, to determine preliminary effectiveness,
optimal dosages and expanded evidence of the safety profile. In Phase III,
large-scale clinical trials involving hundreds of patients are conducted in
patients with the target disease to provide sufficient data for the
statistical proof of effectiveness and safety required by United States and
foreign regulatory agencies. The protocols of these trials must be submitted
to and approved by FDA. Such Phase III trials must be well-controlled, and
conducted in compliance with good clinical practice, or GCP, regulations. The
clinical trial process may take three to six years or more to complete and
there can be no assurance that the data collected will be in compliance with
GCP regulations, that the data will demonstrate that the product is safe or
effective or, in the case of a biologic product, potent as well, or will
provide sufficient data to support FDA approval of the product. FDA may place
clinical trials on hold at any point in this process if, among other reasons,
it concludes that clinical subjects are being exposed to an unacceptable
health risk. After FDA approval to market under an NDA or BLA, the FDA may
require Phase IV post-marketing studies to be performed as a condition of
approval.
In the case of drugs for cancer and certain other diseases, the initial
human testing may be done in patients rather than in healthy volunteers.
Because these patients are already afflicted with the target disease, it is
possible that such studies will provide results traditionally obtained in
Phase II studies. These studies are referred to as "Phase I/II" studies.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, even if patients are used in initial human
testing and a "Phase I/II" study carried out, the sponsor is still responsible
for obtaining all the data usually obtained in both Phase I and Phase II
studies.
We and our collaborative partners also will be subject to widely varying
foreign regulations governing clinical trials and pharmaceutical sales, which
may be different from those of the FDA. Whether or not FDA approval has been
obtained, a separate approval of a product by the comparable regulatory
authorities of foreign countries must be obtained prior to the commencement of
product marketing in these countries. The approval process varies from country
to country and the time may be longer or shorter than that required for FDA
approval. We intend, to the extent possible, to rely on foreign licensees to
obtain regulatory approval for marketing products employing our technology in
foreign countries. In addition, under current law, there are significant
restrictions on the export of products not approved by the FDA depending on
the country involved and the status of the product in that country.
Regulatory approval to market a biologic or a new drug ordinarily takes
three to six years or more from the time of filing of an IND and involves the
expenditure of substantial resources. Approval time depends on a number of
factors, including the period of review at the FDA, the number of questions
posed by the FDA during review, how long it takes us to respond to the FDA
questions, the severity of the disease in question, the availability of
alternative treatments, the availability of clinical investigators and
eligible patients, the rate of enrollment of patients in clinical trials and
the risks and benefits demonstrated in the clinical trials.
18
Currently, two products employing our fully human antibody technology have
entered into clinical trials. HuMax-CD4, which is being developed by Genmab,
has entered into Phase II clinical trials for the treatment of rheumatoid
arthritis and psoriasis. MDX-101 has entered into Phase I/II clinical trials
for the treatment of prostate cancer. No products employing our human antibody
technology have been approved by the FDA for sale.
Treatment IND Status. Treatment protocols and INDs for products employing
our technology may also be submitted. The FDA may allow treatment protocols or
products for patients with life-threatening and severely debilitating diseases
especially where no satisfactory alternative therapy exists. The purpose of
these regulations is to facilitate the availability of new investigational
products to desperately ill patients before FDA approval for marketing begins.
We or our collaborative partners may be able to recover some of the costs of
production, manufacture, research, development and handling prior to market
approval if patients are allowed to be charged for the product used in such
studies. Notwithstanding the foregoing, there are specific conditions that
must be met before a sponsor may charge reimbursement costs for an IND
product, including notifying the FDA in writing in advance. The FDA may notify
the sponsor that it is not authorized to charge for the products.
Drug and Biologics for Serious or Life-Threatening Illnesses. The Federal
Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act and FDA regulations provide certain mechanisms for
the accelerated approval of products intended to treat serious or life-
threatening illnesses, which have been studied for safety and effectiveness,
and which demonstrate the potential to address unmet medical needs. The
procedures permit early consultation and commitment from the FDA regarding
pre-clinical and clinical studies necessary to gain marketing approval.
Provisions of this regulatory framework also permit, in certain cases, NDAs or
BLAs to be approved on the basis of valid surrogate markers of product
effectiveness, thus accelerating the normal approval process. Certain products
employing our human antibody technology might qualify for this accelerated
regulatory procedure although we cannot assure you that the FDA will agree.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, approval may be denied by the FDA or additional
studies may be required. The FDA may also require our agreement to perform
post-approval Phase IV studies as a condition of such early approval. In
connection with such accelerated approvals, FDA may impose restrictions on
distribution and/or promotion. FDA also may withdraw approval if post-approval
studies do not confirm the clinical benefit.
Patents, Trademarks, Trade Secrets and Licenses
Proprietary protection for our products, processes and know-how is
important to our business. Our policy is to file patent applications to
protect technology, inventions, and improvements that we consider important to
the development of our business. We also rely upon trade secrets, know-how and
continuing technological innovation to develop and maintain our competitive
position. We plan to aggressively prosecute and defend our patents and
proprietary technology.
Currently, we hold 10 issued patents and allowed patent applications in the
United States, and 20 issued patents in foreign countries including European
countries, Japan, Korea, Canada and Australia, among others, covering aspects
of our HuMAb-Mouse technology and products. These patents, almost all of which
are in the same patent family, include the transgene, the transgenic mouse,
methods of obtaining high affinity antibodies, and composition of matter
claims for high affinity antibodies, among others. These patents have
expiration dates beginning in 2011. We also have more than 25 related pending
U.S. and foreign patent applications covering aspects of our HuMAb-Mouse
technology and products. Additionally, we hold exclusive and non-exclusive
licenses to various pertinent technologies relating to our HuMAb-Mouse
technology. For example, these technologies include microinjection of
transgene DNA, homologous recombination, chromosome transfer, yeast artificial
chromosome transgene technology and other relevant technologies. We also hold
an exclusive license from The University of California covering aspects of our
anti-CTLA-4 human monoclonal antibody product.
In addition to patent coverage for our HuMAb-Mouse technology, we currently
hold 32 patents and allowed patent applications in the United States, and 148
patents in foreign countries including European countries, Japan, Korea,
Canada and Australia among others, covering aspects of our bispecific molecule
technology and bispecific products. These patents have expiration dates from
2007-2017. In addition, we have more than 75 pending United
19
States and foreign patent applications also covering aspects of our bispecific
molecule technology and bispecific products. In particular, we hold United
States and European patents covering our trigger antibody, which binds to the
type I human receptor molecule, as well as bispecific molecules, which
incorporate the trigger antibody. We also hold exclusive and non-exclusive
licenses to technologies owned by third parties relating to certain aspects of
our bispecific and human monoclonal antibody technologies. For example, we
hold a license from Chiron Corporation for its anti-HER-2/neu antibody used in
the production of MDX-210, a bispecific antibody directed against the HER-
2/neu receptor.
In addition, we own registrations for the trademark Medarex(R) in the
United States, the European Union and Canada, and the marks Putting the Immune
System to Work(R) and HuMAb-Mouse(R) in the United States. We have also filed
applications for the registration of the latter two marks in the European
Union and Canada. We have filed applications for registration of the marks
GenPharm(TM), T-12 Development SM, Trans-Phage Technology SM, UltiMAb(TM) and
UltiMAb Human Antibody Development System SM in the United States. These
applications are pending.
Competition
We face competition in several different forms. First, our human antibody
development activities currently face competition from one principal
competitor and from other technologies. The actual products being developed by
our collaborators or by us also face actual and potential competition.
We face competition from many companies that provide the services of
generating antibody based therapeutics. Our principal competitor for our human
antibody technology is Abgenix, Inc. As a result of the cross licensing
agreement, Abgenix offers to potential partners the use of its transgenic
mouse known as XenoMouse(TM), that, according to Abgenix, is capable of
generating fully human monoclonal antibodies. In addition, other companies are
developing, or have developed technologies for generating human or partially
human antibodies. For example, Xenerex Biosciences (a subsidiary of Avanir
Pharmaceuticals) and XTL Biopharmaceuticals Ltd. have developed technology
that, according to Xenerex and XTL, will allow them to generate fully human
monoclonal antibodies. Companies such as Johnson & Johnson, Medimmune,
American Home Products, Immunex, Idec Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, Genentech and
Protein Design Labs, Inc. are currently marketing therapeutic products derived
from recombinant DNA that comprise human antibody components. Numerous
additional companies are developing therapeutic products comprising human
antibody components. Furthermore, several companies are developing, or have
developed, technologies that do not involve immunization of animals for
creating synthetic antibodies comprising human antibody sequence. For example,
phage display technology is being used by companies, such as Abbott
Laboratories, Cambridge Antibody Technology Group plc, Dyax Corp. and
MorphoSys AG to develop therapeutic products comprising human antibody
sequences.
The development of biotechnology and pharmaceutical products is a highly
competitive business subject to rapid technological change. We know of many
pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies conducting research or development
on monoclonal antibodies and related fields. Some of these companies are
pursuing product development efforts for the same disease areas as we or our
partners are pursuing.
Other technologies can also be applied to the treatment of the diseases
that we or our corporate partners are pursuing. For example, immunoconjugates,
monoclonal antibodies linked to toxins or radioactive isotypes, are being
developed by others. In addition, the application of recombinant DNA
technology to develop potential products consisting of proteins (such as
growth factors, hormones, enzymes, receptor fragments and fusion proteins, or
cytokines) that do not occur normally in the body, or occur only in small
amounts, has been underway for some time. Included in this group are
interleukins such as IL-2 and IL-11, interferons alpha, beta and gamma, colony
stimulating factors such as G-CSF and GM-CSF, clotting factors, growth
hormones, erythropoeitin, DNAse, tPA, glucocerebrosidase, PDGF, and a number
of other biological response modifiers.
20
Continuing development of conventional new chemical entities and other
drugs by large pharmaceutical companies carries with it the potential for
discovery of agents for treating disease indications also targeted by drugs
that we or our partners are developing. In particular, we are aware that
Genentech, Inc. has developed a monoclonal antibody-based product that targets
HER-2 that may be competitive with MDX-210. ITP is currently being treated
with WinRhoSDF(TM) sold by Nabi, IVIgG and steroids, all of which have had
limited success. Rheumatoid arthritis is currently being treated with a number
of compounds and a number of monoclonal antibodies, including antibodies
against TNF and CD4. Anti-TNF and anti-CD4 antibodies are being developed by a
number of companies including Centocor, IDEC Pharmaceuticals, SmithKline
Beecham and others.
Employees
As of December 31, 2000, we employed 136 persons, of whom 26 hold doctoral
degrees and 26 hold other advanced degrees. Approximately 105 employees are
engaged in research and development activities. There are 31 employees
involved in business development, legal, finance and other administrative
functions. None of our employees is covered by a collective bargaining
agreement. We have entered into employment contracts and consulting agreements
with certain of our executive officers and directors.
Our success will depend in large part upon our ability to attract and
retain employees. We face competition for employees from other companies,
research and academic institutions, government agencies and other
organizations. We believe we maintain good relations with our employees.
TC Mouse is a trademark of Kirin Brewery Co. Ltd.
Omniclonal is a trademark of Biosite Diagnostics Incorporated.
WinRho SDF is a registered trademark of Nabi.
XenoMouse is a trademark of Abgenix, Inc.
Inverse Genomics is a trademark of Immusol
21
RISK FACTORS
This Annual Report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning
of Sections 27A and 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended,
including statements regarding our expectations, beliefs, intentions, or
strategies regarding the future. Forward-looking statements include, without
limitation, statements in "Risk Factors", "Management's Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations", "Business" and
elsewhere in this Annual Report regarding, among other things, uncertainties
relating to the technological approach; history of operating losses and
anticipation of future losses; uncertainty of product development; need for
additional capital and uncertainty of change; uncertainty of patent and
proprietary rights; management of growth, and risks of acquiring new
technologies; uncertainties related to clinical trials; government regulation
and uncertainty of obtaining regulatory approval; dependence on key personnel;
dependence on research collaborators and scientific advisors; uncertainty of
health care reform measures and third-party reimbursement and risk of product
liability. All forward-looking statements included in this Annual Report are
based on information available to us, as of the date hereof, and we do not
assume any obligation to update any such forward-looking statements. Our
actual results may differ materially from the results discussed in the
forward-looking statements. Among the factors that could cause actual results
to differ materially are the factors detailed in "Risk Factors" below.
Accordingly, in addition to the other information in this Annual Report, the
following factors should be considered carefully. References to our products,
business, financial results or financial condition should be considered to
refer to us and our subsidiaries unless the context otherwise requires.
Our product candidates are in early stages of development.
Our human antibody technology is a new approach to the generation of
antibody-based therapeutic products. Product candidates employing our human
antibody technology are in early stages of development. Only a limited number
of fully human antibody product candidates employing our human antibody
technology have been generated pursuant to our collaborations. Of these, only
three INDs have been submitted to the FDA for these candidates, and clinical
trials have commenced for only two of these candidates. In addition, we are
not aware of any commercialized fully human monoclonal antibody therapeutic
products that have been generated from any technologies similar to ours.
Product candidates employing our human antibody technology may not advance
beyond the early stages of product development or demonstrate clinical safety
and effectiveness.
Our human antibody technology may not generate antibodies against all the
antigens to which it is exposed in an efficient and timely manner, if at all.
If our human antibody technology fails to generate antibody product
candidates, or if we or our partners do not succeed in the development of
products employing our antibody technology, those product candidates may not
be approved or commercialized and our business will suffer.
Our products are still under development, and no revenues have been
generated from their sale. Prior to the acquisition of our HuMAb-Mouse
technology in 1997, these products were the principal focus of our business
and led to eight products in clinical trials. All of these products were based
on mouse or humanized antibodies. Only two of such products have progressed to
Phase III clinical trials, enrollment in one of which is currently suspended.
We have recently entered into corporate partnerships with a number of
companies and are seeking additional alliances that will support the costs of
developing our portfolio of antibody-based product candidates. The success of
these products is dependent upon the efforts of our corporate partners in
developing these products in the future. Neither we nor our corporate partners
know if any of these products will be effective.
We have incurred large operating losses and these losses may continue.
We have incurred large operating losses and these losses may continue. In
particular, as of December 31, 2000, we had an accumulated deficit of
approximately $123.1 million. Our losses have resulted principally from:
. research and development costs relating to the development of our
technology and antibody product candidates; and
. general and administrative costs relating to our operations.
22
We intend to continue to make significant investments in:
. preclinical testing and clinical trials;
. research and development;
. establishing new collaborations;
. investing in new technologies; and
. expansion of our production facilities.
We do not know when or if we or our corporate partners will complete any
pending or future product development efforts, receive regulatory approval or
successfully commercialize any approved products. We may continue to incur
substantial operating losses even if our revenues increase. As a result, we
cannot predict the extent of future losses or the time required for us to
achieve profitability, if at all.
Our operating results may vary significantly from period-to-period.
Our future revenues and operating results are expected to vary
significantly from period-to-period due to a number of factors. Many of these
factors are outside of our control. These factors include:
. the timing of the commencement, completion or termination of
collaborative agreements;
. the introduction of new products and services by us, our collaborative
partners or our competitors;
. delays in preclinical testing and clinical trials;
. costs and expenses associated with preclinical testing and clinical
trials;
. the timing of regulatory approvals, if any;
. sales and marketing expenses; and
. the amount and timing of operating costs and capital expenditures
relating to the expansion of our business operations and facilities.
Period-to-period comparisons of our results of operations may not be relied
upon as an indication of future performance.
Clinical trials required for our product candidates are expensive and time-
consuming and their outcome is uncertain.
Product candidates employing our human antibody technology must demonstrate
that they are safe and effective for use in humans through preclinical testing
and clinical trials in order to be approved for commercial sale. For
biological products, safety, purity, and potency must also be demonstrated.
Conducting clinical trials is a lengthy, time-consuming and expensive process.
The length of time may vary substantially according to the type, complexity,
novelty and intended use of the product candidate, and often can be several
years or more. Delays associated with products for which we are directly
conducting preclinical or clinical trials may cause us to incur additional
operating expenses. The commencement and rate of completion of clinical trials
may be delayed by many factors, including:
. inability to manufacture sufficient quantities of qualified cGMP
materials for clinical trials;
. slower rates of patient recruitment;
. inability to adequately observe patients after treatment;
. unforeseen safety issues; and
. government or regulatory delays.
23
Clinical trials may not demonstrate sufficient safety and effectiveness to
obtain the requisite regulatory approvals for product candidates employing our
human antibody technology. The failure of clinical trials to demonstrate
safety and effectiveness for our desired indications could harm the
development of that product candidate as well as other product candidates, and
our business and results of operations will suffer.
Product candidates employing our antibody technology may fail to gain
acceptance.
Even if clinical trials demonstrate the safety and efficacy of products
developed by us or our corporate partners using our technology and all
regulatory approvals have been obtained, product candidates employing our
antibody technology may not gain market acceptance among physicians, patients,
third-party payors and the medical community. For example, the current
delivery systems for antibody-based therapeutic products are intravenous and
subcutaneous injection, which are generally less well received by patients
than tablets or capsule delivery. The degree of market acceptance of any
product candidates employing our technology will depend on a number of
factors, including:
. establishment and demonstration of clinical efficacy and safety,
especially as compared to conventional treatments;
. cost-effectiveness;
. alternative treatment methods;
. reimbursement policies of government and third-party payors; and
. marketing and distribution support for our product candidates.
In addition, many of our activities involve genetic engineering in animals
and animal testing. These types of activities have been the subject of
controversy and adverse publicity. Animal rights groups and various other
organizations and individuals have attempted to stop genetic engineering
activities and animal testing by lobbying for legislation and regulation in
these areas.
If products employing our technology do not achieve significant market
acceptance, our business will suffer.
The successful commercialization of our antibody products will depend on
obtaining coverage and reimbursement for use of these products from third-
party payors.
Sales of pharmaceutical products largely depend on the reimbursement of
patients' medical expenses by government health care programs and private
health insurers. Without the financial support of the governments or third-
party payors, the market for products employing our human antibody technology
will be limited. We cannot be sure that third-party payors will reimburse
sales of products employing our human antibody technology, or enable us or our
corporate partners to sell them at profitable prices.
Third-party payors control health care costs by limiting both coverage and
the level of reimbursement for new health care products. In the future, the
United States government may institute price controls and further limits on
Medicare and Medicaid spending. Internationally, medical reimbursement systems
vary with differing degrees of regulation. Pricing controls and reimbursement
limitations could affect the payments we receive from sales of products
employing our human antibody technology. These variations could harm our
ability and the ability of our corporate partners to sell products employing
our human antibody technology in commercially acceptable quantities at
profitable prices.
We have limited manufacturing capabilities.
To be successful, our therapeutic products must be manufactured in
commercial quantities in compliance with regulatory requirements and at
acceptable costs. While we believe our current facilities are adequate for the
limited production of product candidates for clinical trials, our facilities
are not yet adequate to produce sufficient
24
quantities of any products for commercial sale. We may seek to expand our
facilities to manufacture some products commercially. In order to manufacture
products for such purposes, we will have to enhance our existing facilities
and obtain requisite consents, or acquire new facilities, which will require
both additional funds and inspection and approval by the FDA and other
regulatory agencies. We have no experience in large-scale manufacturing, and
we may not be able to successfully increase our capacity or achieve
profitability.
We have no sales or marketing experience.
We currently have no sales, marketing or distribution capabilities. We may
choose to market some of our products directly through a sales and marketing
force. In order to do this, we will have to develop a sales and marketing
staff and establish distribution capability. Developing a sales and marketing
force would be expensive and time-consuming and could delay any product
launch. If we choose to market any of our products directly but are unable to
successfully implement a marketing and sales force, our business and operating
results will be harmed.
We are, in part, dependent on our corporate partners to support our business
and to develop products employing our human antibody technology.
We depend on our corporate partners to support our business and to develop
products employing our antibody technology. We currently, or in the future
may, rely on our corporate partners to:
. access proprietary antigens for the development of product candidates;
. manufacture products;
. fund and conduct preclinical testing and clinical trials; and
. commercialize and market future products.
Our dependence on our corporate partners subjects us to a number of risks,
including:
. our corporate partners have significant discretion whether to pursue
planned activities;
. we cannot control the quantity and nature of the resources our corporate
partners may devote to product candidates;
. our corporate partners may not develop products employing our antibody
technology as expected;
. business combinations or significant changes in a corporate partner's
business strategy may adversely affect that partner's willingness or
ability to continue to pursue these product candidates.
If we do not realize the contemplated benefits from our corporate
partnerships, our business will suffer.
Our existing corporate partnerships may not be completed or may be terminated,
and we may not be able to establish additional corporate partnerships.
We have entered into binding letters of intent or memoranda of
understanding with Eos Biotechnology, Genmab, Kirin, Immusol, Epigen, Oxford
GlycoSciences, Athersys, Regeneron and Scil. These binding letters of intent
or memoranda of understanding include the principal terms of these
transactions, which will be incorporated into definitive agreements. By their
terms, these letters of intent and memoranda of understanding will remain in
full force and effect and the parties will operate in accordance with their
terms until such time as definitive agreements are executed. If we are unable
to agree on the terms of a definitive agreement with respect to one or more of
these partners, our business may be harmed.
Our corporate partners generally have the right to terminate our corporate
partnerships at any time. Lengthy negotiations with potential new corporate
partners or disagreements between us and our corporate partners may lead to
delays or termination in the research, development or commercialization of
product candidates. If we are
25
not able to establish additional corporate partnerships on terms that are
favorable to us or if a significant number of our existing corporate
partnerships are terminated and we cannot replace them, we may be required to
increase our internal product development and commercialization efforts. This
would likely:
. limit the number of product candidates that we will be able to develop
and commercialize;
. reduce the likelihood of successful product introduction;
. significantly increase our need for capital; and
. place additional strain on management's time.
We may have conflicts of interest with our corporate partners.
We may have conflicts of interest with our corporate partners that could
adversely affect our business. For example, our corporate partners may pursue
alternative technologies, including those of our competitors. Disputes may
arise with respect to the ownership of rights to any technology or products
developed with any corporate partner. If our corporate partners pursue
alternative technologies or fail to develop or commercialize successfully any
product candidate to which they have obtained rights from us, our business
will suffer.
We have a significant minority interest in two entities. There may be
conflicts of interest between us and these entities.
We have a 33% interest in Genmab, which intends to develop and
commercialize a portfolio of fully human antibodies derived from our human
antibody technology. We currently have an equity position in IDM which is
approximately 6%. In the event that we exercise certain warrants held by us to
purchase convertible or redeemable bonds of IDM and such bonds are converted
or redeemed, our equity position in IDM would be approximately 29%. These
warrants are exercisable between September 2002 and September 2010, and such
bonds may be converted or redeemed within six months of such exercise. Each of
IDM and Genmab intends to develop and commercialize a portfolio of antibody-
based products. We also have contractual obligations and rights with these
entities that could result in conflicts between us and these entities.
We are dependent on our key personnel.
We are highly dependent on the members of our scientific and management
staff. If we are not able to retain any of these persons, our business may
suffer. In particular, we depend on the services of Donald L. Drakeman, our
President and Chief Executive Officer, Yashwant M. Deo, Ph.D., our Senior Vice
President, Operations, R&D and Regulatory Compliance, and Nils Lonberg, Ph.D.,
Senior Vice President and Scientific Director. For us to pursue product
development, marketing and commercialization plans, we will need to hire
additional qualified scientific personnel to perform research and development.
We will also need to hire personnel with expertise in clinical testing,
government regulation, manufacturing, marketing and finance. We may not be
able to attract and retain personnel on acceptable terms, given the
competition for such personnel among biotechnology, pharmaceutical and
healthcare companies, universities and non-profit research institutions. If we
are not able to attract and retain qualified personnel, our business will
suffer.
We depend on patents and proprietary rights.
Our success depends in part on our ability to:
. protect trade secrets;
. operate without infringing upon the proprietary rights of others; and
. obtain patents.
26
We will be able to protect our proprietary rights from unauthorized use by
third parties only to the extent that our proprietary rights are covered by
valid and enforceable patents or are effectively maintained as trade secrets.
We protect our proprietary position by filing United States and foreign patent
applications related to our proprietary technology, inventions and
improvements that are important to the development of our business. While a
number of patents have been issued in the United States and Europe relating to
our human antibody technology, we may not be able to obtain patent protection
in other countries. Our pending patent applications, those we may file in the
future, or those we may license from third parties, may not result in patents
being issued. The patent position of biotechnology companies involves complex
legal and factual questions and, therefore, enforceability cannot be predicted
with certainty. Patents, if issued, may be challenged, invalidated or
circumvented. Thus, any patents that we own or license from third parties may
not provide sufficient protection against competitors. Also, patent rights may
not provide us with proprietary protection or competitive advantages against
competitors with similar technology. Furthermore, others may independently
develop similar technologies or duplicate any technology that we have
developed. The laws of foreign countries may not protect our intellectual
property rights to the same extent as do the laws of the United States.
In addition to patents, we rely on trade secrets and proprietary know-how.
We seek protection, in part, through confidentiality and proprietary
information agreements. These agreements may not provide protection or
adequate remedies for our human antibody technology in the event of
unauthorized use or disclosure of confidential and proprietary information, or
breach of these agreements. Furthermore, our trade secrets may otherwise
become known to, or be independently developed by, our competitors.
Our commercial success depends significantly on our ability to operate
without infringing the patents and other proprietary rights of third parties.
In the event that our technologies may infringe on the patents or violate
other proprietary rights of third parties, we and our corporate partners may
be prevented from pursuing product development or commercialization. Such a
result would harm our business.
The biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries have been characterized by
extensive litigation regarding patents and other intellectual property rights.
The defense and prosecution of intellectual property disputes are costly and
time-consuming to pursue and their outcome is uncertain.
If we become involved in any litigation, interference or other judicial or
administrative proceedings, we will incur substantial expense and the efforts
of our technical and management personnel will be diverted. An adverse
determination may subject us to significant liabilities or require us to seek
licenses that may not be available from third parties on commercially
favorable terms, if at all. Therefore, we and our collaborative partners may
be restricted or prevented from manufacturing and selling products employing
our human antibody technology, which would harm our business.
Even though we have received patents pertaining to the HuMAb-Mouse
technology, this does not mean that we and our permitted licensees of HuMAb-
Mouse technology will have exclusive rights to antibodies against all targets
that are made using this technology, or that we or our licensees will have the
right to make, develop, use or sell such antibodies.
Our patents covering the HuMAb-Mouse technology include patents that cover
particular human monoclonal antibodies. These patents do not cover all human
antibodies.
Our patents may not protect against the importation of products, such as
antibodies, made using HuMAb-Mouse technology.
Moreover, other parties could have blocking patent rights to products made
using HuMAb-Mouse technology, such as antibodies, and their production and
uses, either because of a proprietary position covering the antibody or the
antibody's target. For example, we are aware of certain United States and
European patents held by third parties relating to particular targets for
their human monoclonal antibodies, to human monoclonal antibodies against
various targets and bispecific products, and the manufacture and use of such
products. In particular, we are aware of a patent and patent filings in the
United States and Europe that pertain to certain monoclonal antibodies against
CTLA-4.
27
We seek to obtain licenses to such patents when, in our judgment, such
licenses are needed. If any licenses are required, we may not be able to
obtain any such license on commercially favorable terms, if at all. If these
licenses are not obtained, we may be prevented from using certain of our
technologies or taking certain products to market. Our failure to obtain a
license to any required technology or product may have a material adverse
effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. We
cannot assure you that our products and/or actions in developing or selling
our products will not infringe such patents. In general, our patent protection
may not prevent others from developing competitive products using our
technology or other technologies. Similarly, others may obtain patents that
could limit our ability and the ability of our licensees to use, import,
manufacture, market or sell products or impair our competitive position and
the competitive position of our licensees.
We are not the exclusive owner of the technology underlying our HuMAb-Mice.
In March 1997, GenPharm entered into a cross-license and settlement agreement
with Abgenix, Cell Genesys, Inc., Xenotech, L.P. and Japan Tobacco, Inc.,
pursuant to which Abgenix and these entities paid us and GenPharm a total of
approximately $38.6 million during 1997 and 1998. This payment was in exchange
for a non-exclusive license to certain patents, patent applications, third-
party licenses and inventions pertaining to the development and use of certain
transgenic rodents, including mice, that produce fully human antibodies that
are integral to our products and business. These patents, licenses and
inventions form the basis of our HuMAb-Mouse technology. Our business may
suffer from the competition of these entities or if any of these entities
breach the cross-license and settlement agreement.
We are not the exclusive owner of the technology underlying the TC Mouse or
the crossbred mouse developed pursuant to our partnership with Kirin. In
December 1999, we entered into a binding letter of intent with Kirin Under the
terms of this letter of intent, Kirin was designated as the primary
distributor of our HuMAb-Mouse technology in Asia, and we were designated as
the primary distributor of Kirin's TC Mouse outside of Asia. However, Kirin
has certain rights to distribute the TC Mouse and the crossbred mouse
throughout the world. We have exchanged broad licenses with Kirin, subject to
milestone and royalty payments, for use of each other's technology for the
development of human antibody therapeutic products. The binding letter of
intent with Kirin includes a license to certain patents, patent applications,
third-party licenses and inventions pertaining to the development and use of
the TC Mouse and the crossbred mouse. Our business may suffer from the
competition of Kirin.
We may face product liability claims related to the use or misuse of products
employing our antibody technology.
The administration of drugs to humans, in clinical trials or after
commercialization, may expose us to product liability claims. Product
liability claims may be expensive to defend and may result in large judgments
against us. In November 1998, we voluntarily suspended clinical trials for one
of our products after some patients experienced serious adverse events, or
SAEs. As a result of these SAEs, we have received a small number of claims, of
which four have resulted in lawsuits being filed. All of these lawsuits have
been settled for insubstantial amounts. We currently maintain liability
insurance with specified coverage limits. Although we believe these coverage
limits are adequate, we cannot be certain that the insurance policies will be
sufficient to cover all claims that may be made against us. Product liability
insurance is expensive, difficult to obtain and may not be available in the
future on acceptable terms. Any claims against us, regardless of their merit,
could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We face intense competition and rapid technological change.
The development of biotechnology and pharmaceutical products is a highly
competitive business subject to rapid technological change. We face
competition in several different forms. First, our human antibody development
activities currently face competition from one principal competitor and from
other technologies. The actual products being developed by our collaborators
or by us also face actual and potential competition. Developments by our
competitors may render our human antibody technology obsolete or non-
competitive.
28
We are aware of several pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that are
actively engaged in research and development in areas related to antibody
therapy. These companies have commenced clinical trials of antibody products
or have successfully commercialized antibody products. Many of these companies
are addressing the same diseases and disease indications as we and our
corporate partners. Also, we compete with companies that offer antibody
generation services to companies that have antigens. These competitors have
specific expertise or technology related to antibody development. We compete
directly with Abgenix, Inc., with respect to the generation of fully human
antibodies from transgenic mice. In addition, Xenerex Biosciences (a
subsidiary of Avanir Pharmaceuticals) and XTL Biopharmaceuticals Ltd. have
developed technology that, according to Xenerex and XTL, will allow them to
generate fully human monoclonal antibodies. Companies such as Johnson &
Johnson, Medimmune, American Home Products, Immunex, Idec Pharmaceuticals,
Novartis, Genentech and Protein Design Labs, Inc. are currently marketing
therapeutic products derived from recombinant DNA that comprise human antibody
components. Numerous additional companies are developing therapeutic products
comprising human antibody components. Furthermore, several companies are
developing, or have developed, technologies that do not involve immunization
of animals for creating synthetic antibodies comprising human antibody
sequence. For example, phage display technology is being used by companies,
such as Abbott Laboratories, Cambridge Antibody Technology Group plc, Dyax
Corp. and MorphoSys AG to develop therapeutic products comprising human
antibody sequences.
Other technologies can also be applied to the treatment of the diseases
that we or our corporate partners are pursuing. For example, immunoconjugates
monoclonal antibodies linked to toxins or radioactive isotypes are being
developed by others. In addition, the application of recombinant DNA
technology to develop potential products consisting of proteins (such as
growth factors, hormones, enzymes, receptor fragments and fusion proteins, or
cytokines) that do not occur normally in the body, or occur only in small
amounts, has been underway for some time. Included in this group are
interleukins such as IL-2 and IL-11, interferons alpha, beta and gamma, colony
stimulating factors such as G-CSF and GM-CSF, clotting factors, growth
hormones, erythropoeitin, DNAse, tPA, glucocerebrosidase, PDGF, and a number
of other biological response modifiers.
Continuing development of conventional new chemical entities and other
drugs by large pharmaceutical companies carries with it the potential for
discovery of agents for treating disease indications also targeted by drugs
that we or our partners are developing. In particular, we are aware that
Genentech, Inc. has developed a monoclonal antibody-based product that targets
HER-2 that may be competitive with MDX-210. ITP is currently being treated
with WinRhoSDF(TM) sold by Nabi, IVIgG and steroids, all of which have had
limited success. Rheumatoid arthritis is currently being treated with a number
of compounds and a number of monoclonal antibodies, including antibodies
against TNF and CD4. Anti-TNF and anti-CD4 antibodies are being developed by a
number of companies including Centocor, IDEC Pharmaceuticals, SmithKline
Beecham and others.
Some of our competitors have received regulatory approval or are developing
or testing product candidates that compete directly with product candidates
employing our antibody technology. Many of these companies and institutions,
either alone or together with their corporate partners, have substantially
greater financial resources and larger research and development staffs than we
or some of our corporate partners do. In addition, many of these competitors
have significantly greater experience than we do in:
. developing products;
. undertaking preclinical testing and clinical trials;
. obtaining FDA and other regulatory approvals of products; and
. manufacturing and marketing products.
Accordingly, our competitors may obtain patent protection, receive FDA
approval or commercialize products before we or our corporate partners do. If
we or our corporate partners commence commercial product sales, we or our
corporate partners will be competing against companies with greater marketing
and manufacturing capabilities, areas in which we and certain of our corporate
partners have limited or no experience.
29
We also face intense competition from other pharmaceutical and
biotechnology companies to establish corporate partnerships, as well as
relationships with academic and research institutions, and to license
proprietary technology. These competitors, either alone or with their
corporate partners, may succeed in developing technologies or products that
are more effective than ours.
If our operating losses are greater than anticipated, we may need substantial
additional funding. We may not be able to obtain sufficient funds to grow our
business or continue our operations.
We will continue to expend substantial resources for research and
development, including costs associated with developing our antibody
technology and conducting preclinical testing and clinical trials. Our future
liquidity and capital requirements will depend on:
. the size and complexity of research and development programs;
. the scope and results of preclinical testing and clinical trials;
. the retention of existing and establishment of further corporate
partnerships, if any;
. continued scientific progress in our research and development programs;
. the time and expense involved in seeking regulatory approvals;
. competing technological and market developments;
. the time and expense of filing and prosecuting patent applications and
enforcing patent claims; and
. the cost of establishing manufacturing capabilities, conducting
commercialization activities and arrangements and in-licensing products.
We may be unable to raise sufficient funds to complete development of any
of our product candidates or to continue operations. As a result, we may face
delay, reduction or elimination of research and development programs or
preclinical or clinical trials, in which case our business will suffer.
We are subject to extensive and costly government regulation.
Product candidates employing our human antibody technology are subject to
extensive and rigorous domestic government regulation. The FDA regulates the
development, preclinical and clinical testing, manufacture, safety,
effectiveness, storage, record-keeping, labeling, storage, approval,
advertising, promotion, sale and distribution of biopharmaceutical products.
If products employing our human antibody technology are marketed abroad, they
will also be subject to extensive regulation by foreign governments. The
regulatory review and approval process, which includes preclinical testing and
clinical trials of each product candidate, is lengthy, expensive and
uncertain. Securing FDA approval requires the submission of extensive
preclinical and clinical data and supporting information to the FDA for each
indication to establish the candidate's safety and efficacy. The approval
process takes many years, requires substantial resources, involves post-
marketing surveillance, and may involve ongoing post-marketing studies. Delays
in obtaining regulatory approvals may:
. adversely affect the successful commercialization of any drugs that we
or our corporate partners develop;
. impose costly procedures on us or our corporate partners;
. diminish any competitive advantages that we or our corporate partners
may attain; and
. adversely affect our receipt of revenues or royalties.
Material changes to an approved product, such as manufacturing changes or
additional labeling claims, require further FDA review and approval. Once
obtained, any approvals may be withdrawn. Further, if we, our corporate
partners or our contract manufacturers fail to comply with applicable FDA and
other regulatory requirements at any stage during the regulatory process, the
FDA may impose sanctions, including:
30
. delays;
. warning letters;
. fines;
. product recalls or seizures;
. injunctions;
. refusal of the FDA to review pending market approval applications or
supplements to approval applications;
. total or partial suspension of production;
. civil penalties;
. withdrawals of previously approved marketing applications; or
. criminal prosecutions.
In certain cases, we expect to rely on our corporate partners to file INDs
and direct the regulatory approval process for products employing our human
antibody technology. Our corporate partners may not be able to conduct
clinical testing or obtain necessary approvals from the FDA or other
regulatory authorities for any product candidates employing our human antibody
technology. If they fail to obtain required governmental approvals, our
corporate partners will be delayed or precluded from marketing these products.
As a result, commercial use of products employing our technology will not
occur and our business may be harmed.
We do not have, and may never obtain, the regulatory approvals we need to
market our product candidates.
To date, we have not applied for or received the regulatory approvals
required for the commercial sale of our products in the United States or in
any foreign jurisdiction. None of our product candidates has been determined
to be safe and effective, and we have not submitted a new drug application, or
NDA, or biologics license application, or BLA, to the FDA or to any foreign
regulatory authorities for any of our product candidates. We have only limited
experience in filing and pursuing applications necessary to obtain regulatory
approval, and none of our product candidates may be approved for marketing.
If we or our manufacturing partners do not obtain or maintain current good
manufacturing practices, we may not be able to commercialize our product
candidates.
We will depend on our own manufacturing facilities and on that of our
corporate partners and other third parties to manufacture products employing
our human antibody technology. Before commercializing a new drug,
manufacturers must comply with the applicable FDA current good manufacturing
practice regulations, or cGMP, which include quality control and quality
assurance requirements as well as the maintenance of records and
documentation. Manufacturing facilities are subject to ongoing periodic
inspection by the FDA and corresponding state agencies, including unannounced
inspections, and must be licensed before they can be used in commercial
manufacturing of products employing our technology. After regulatory approvals
are obtained, the subsequent discovery of previously unknown problems or
failure to maintain compliance with the regulatory requirements may result in
restrictions on the marketing of a product, withdrawal of the product from the
market, seizures, injunctions, or criminal sanctions. Third parties may not be
able to comply with the applicable regulations.
Our operations involve hazardous materials and are subject to environmental
controls and regulations.
Our business activities involve the controlled use of hazardous materials.
We cannot eliminate the risk of accidental contamination or injury from these
materials. In the event of an accident or environmental discharge,
31
we may be held liable for any resulting damages, which may exceed our
financial resources and may materially adversely affect our business,
financial condition and results of operations.
Our stock price may be volatile.
There has been significant volatility in the market prices of biotechnology
companies' securities. Various factors and events may have a significant
impact on the market price of our common stock. These factors include:
. fluctuations in our operating results;
. announcements of technological innovations or new commercial therapeutic
products by us or our competitors;
. published reports by securities analysts;
. progress with clinical trials;
. governmental regulation;
. developments in patent or other proprietary rights;
. developments in our relationship with collaborative partners;
. public concern as to the safety and effectiveness of our products; and
. general market conditions.
The trading price of our common stock has been, and could continue to be,
subject to wide fluctuations in response to these factors, including the sale
or attempted sale of a large amount of our common stock into the market. Broad
market fluctuations may also adversely affect the market price of our common
stock.
We have obligations to issue shares of our common stock in the future, which
may have a dilutive effect on the shares of our common stock currently
outstanding.
As of March 15, 2001, we have 4,715,491 shares of common stock reserved for
issuance pursuant to options having a weighted average exercise price of
$18.31 per share. In addition, there are 1,205,000 shares reserved for
issuance pursuant to our deferred compensation plan. These shares will be
issued on or after September, 2002.
In addition, we have reserved 547,251 shares of common stock for issuance
pursuant to future grants of options. We have filed registration statements on
Form S-8 covering those shares. Shares issued under those plans, other than
shares issued to affiliates, will be freely tradable in the open market.
We also intend to submit a proposal to our shareholders at our annual
meeting on May 23, 2001 for the approval of new stock option plan allowing for
options to be granted for up to 3,500,000 shares of our common stock. If this
plan is approved by our shareholders, we intend to file a registration
statement on Form S-8 covering these shares. Shares issued under these plans,
other than shares issued to affiliated, will be freely tradable in the open
market.
The exercise of all or a portion of the outstanding options and warrants
may result in a significant increase in the number of shares of our common
stock that will be subject to trading on The Nasdaq National Market, and the
issuance and sale of the shares of our common stock upon the exercise thereof
may have an adverse effect on the price of our common stock.
Future sales of our common stock or other securities could cause the market
price of our common stock to decline.
As of March 21, 2001, we have 72,677,416 shares of common stock
outstanding, of which 4,883,629 are restricted securities as that term is
defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act. Under certain circumstances,
32
these restricted securities may be sold without registration pursuant to such
rule. We are unable to predict the effect that sales made under Rule 144 or
pursuant to any registration may have on the market price of our common stock.
The sale of a significant number of additional securities, or even the
possibility thereof, may lower the market price of our common stock.
We have filed registration statements on Form S-3 under the Securities Act
relating to 4,369,674 shares of common stock that may be offered by certain of
our stockholders and corporate partners. These shares of common stock are
freely tradable without restriction or further registration under the
Securities Act except for shares held by our affiliates, which will be subject
to resale limitations of Rule 144.
We have filed a shelf registration statement on Form S-3 under the
Securities Act relating to the sale of up to $500 million of any of the
following securities:
. Debt Securities
. Preferred Stock
. Common Stock; or
. Warrants to Purchase Debt Securities, Preferred Stock or Common Stock.
Our restated certificate of incorporation and New Jersey law contain
provisions that could delay or prevent an acquisition of our company.
Our restated certificate of incorporation and by-laws contain provisions
that may discourage third parties from seeking to acquire our company. These
provisions include:
. a classified board of directors;
. a requirement that special meetings of shareholders be called only by
our board of directors, chairman of the board, chief executive officer
or president;
. advance notice requirements for shareholder proposals and nominations;
. limitations on the ability of shareholders to amend, alter or repeal our
by-laws; and
. the authority of the board of directors to issue, without shareholder
approval, preferred stock with such terms as the board of directors may
determine.
We are also afforded the protections of the New Jersey Shareholders
Protection Act. This New Jersey statute contains provisions that impose
restrictions on shareholder action to acquire control of our company. The
effect of the provisions of our restated certificate of incorporation and by-
laws and New Jersey law may discourage third parties from acquiring control of
our company.
Item 2. Properties
We have leased approximately 43,000 square feet of laboratory, clinical
trial production and office space in a modern facility on a research campus in
Annandale, New Jersey, that was developed by Exxon Research and Engineering
Company as its corporate research headquarters. The term of the lease expires
on September 30, 2003, subject to review for an additional five years. We
believe that this facility is well suited for clinical-grade production of
monoclonal antibodies, since we have in place most utilities required for
clinical-grade production of such antibodies, including a production unit
designed to meet cGMP standards. This facility has a capacity of 10 kilograms
of monoclonal antibody production per year. We believe that our existing
facilities are adequate for the production of materials for clinical trials of
our current products and for providing the services we offer to our corporate
partners in connection with our human antibody technology. In January 2001, we
purchased a facility in Greenwich, New Jersey to expand our manufacturing
capabilities. The Greenwich facility is approximately 165,000 square feet of
laboratory and office space, with 106 acres bordering the current facility.
33
The cost of the Greenwich facility including land and building was $9.2
million. In January 1998, we entered into a four-year lease for approximately
10,000 square feet in a modern facility located in San Jose, California. This
space, which is owned by Becton Dickinson Corporation, includes an animal
facility to house our HuMAb-Mouse, research and development laboratories and
administrative offices. On November 3, 2000, we acquired the Milpitas,
California facility, that we had leased in April 2000, for approximately $14.6
million. This property is approximately 57,000 square feet of laboratory and
office space. We are in the process of moving our California operations from
the San Jose facility to the Milpitas facility. The combined minimum annual
lease commitments for our facilities in 2001 is approximately $2.2 million,
and the aggregate future minimum lease commitments over the remainder of the
lease terms are approximately $7.1 million. In 2001, we expect to spend
approximately $30 million on building modifications and equipping our
facilities.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
In the ordinary course of our business, we are at times subject to various
legal proceedings. We do not believe that any of our current legal
proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, will have a material adverse
effect on our operations or financial condition.
On May 24, 2000, Lexicon Genetics Incorporated filed a complaint against
Deltagen, Inc. in U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware alleging
that Deltagen is willfully infringing the claims of United States Patent No.
5,789,215, under which Lexicon holds an exclusive license in the relevant
field from our wholly-owned subsidiary GenPharm International, Inc. This
patent covers certain methods of engineering the animal genome, including
methods for the production of knockout mice.
On October 31, 2000, Lexicon amended its complaint to add GenPharm, as the
licensor of the patent, as a plaintiff. On November 14, 2000, Deltagen filed
an answer to Lexicon's amended complaint which included counterclaims against
Lexicon and, for the first time, counterclaims against GenPharm. In its
counterclaims, Deltagen is seeking declaratory relief that the patent is
invalid, unenforceable and not infringed. In addition, Deltagen asserted
counterclaims against both Lexicon and GenPharm under the antitrust laws.
Deltagen is seeking, among other relief, an award of monetary damages against
Lexicon and GenPharm in an unspecified amount. Any damages for violations of
the antitrust laws would be trebled.
The litigation against GenPharm is in the very early stages and we cannot
predict its outcome or any possible financial losses that we may incur as a
result of the litigation. Such losses, if any, could have a material effect on
our operating results. We believe that the litigation against GenPharm is
without merit and intend to defend the action vigorously. Furthermore, because
we do not use the technology that is the subject of the litigation in any
material way in our business as currently conducted, we do not believe that a
judgment in favor of Deltagen would have a material adverse effect on the
conduct of our business.
Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders
There were no matters submitted to a vote of security holders during the
last quarter of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2000 through the
solicitation of proxies or otherwise.
34
PART II
Item 5. Market for Registrant's Common Equity and Related Shareholder Matters
Our common stock is listed on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol
"MEDX." The following table sets forth the high and low sale prices per share
of common stock, as reported on the Nasdaq National Market, during the periods
indicated.
Common Stock
Price*
--------------
High Low
------- ------
Year ended December 31, 1999
First Quarter................................................. $ 4.31 $ 2.88
Second Quarter................................................ $ 5.97 $ 2.88
Third Quarter................................................. $ 9.97 $ 4.00
Fourth Quarter................................................ $ 41.50 $ 6.44
Year ended December 31, 2000
First Quarter................................................. $103.00 $14.19
Second Quarter................................................ $ 44.44 $16.63
Third Quarter................................................. $ 59.94 $35.69
Fourth Quarter................................................ $ 75.00 $30.06
--------
* All prices have been adjusted to reflect a two-for-one stock split as of
September 27, 2000.
The number of shares of our common stock outstanding as of March 21, 2001
was 72,677,416. As of such date, there were approximately 421 record holders
of common stock (which includes individual holders) and as of May 18, 2000,
the date of the last shareholders' meeting, there were over 20,101 beneficial
shareholders of our common stock.
We currently expect to retain our future earnings, if any, for use in the
operation and expansion of our business and do not anticipate paying any cash
dividends in the foreseeable future.
35
Item 6. Selected Consolidated Financial Data
For the Year Ended December 31,
----------------------------------------------------------
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
(in thousands, except share data)
Statement of Operations
Data:
Revenues:
Sales................. $ 255 $ 221 $ 1,349 $ 1,079 $ 264
Contract and license
revenue.............. 1,626 3,011 5,443 8,593 19,619
Sales, contract and
license revenues from
Genmab............... -- -- -- 252 2,574
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Total revenues....... 1,881 3,232 6,792 9,924 22,457
Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales......... 132 150 1,218 709 1,189
Research and
development.......... 7,596 14,100 23,122 19,929 33,942
General and
administrative....... 2,558 3,644 5,065 8,036 18,142
Stock bonus to
GenPharm employees... -- 2,275 -- -- --
Acquisition of in-
process technology... -- 40,316 -- -- --
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Total costs and
expenses............ 10,286 60,485 29,405 28,674 53,273
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Operating loss...... (8,405) (57,254) (22,613) (18,750) (30,816)
Equity in net loss of
affiliate............ -- -- -- -- (80)
Interest and dividend
income............... 1,542 1,903 1,956 1,205 21,158
Interest expense...... (5) (27) (1,539) (8) (3)
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Loss before
provision (benefit)
for income taxes... (6,868) (55,377) (22,196) (17,553) (9,741)
Provision (benefit)
for income taxes..... -- -- 341 (522) (13,075)
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Net income (loss)... $ (6,868) $ (55,377) $ (22,537) $ (17,031) $ 3,334
========== ========== ========== ========== ==========
Basic net income (loss)
per share(1)........... $ (0.22) $ (1.47) $ (0.44) $ (0.27) $ 0.05
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Diluted net income
(loss) per share(1).... $ (0.22) $ (1.47) $ (0.44) $ (0.27) $ 0.05
---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
Weighted average common
shares outstanding(1)
--basic................ 30,578,000 37,742,000 50,780,000 63,840,000 71,532,000
--diluted.............. 30,578,000 37,742,000 50,780,000 63,840,000 73,232,000
December 31,
---------------------------------------------------
1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
-------- -------- --------- --------- ---------
(in thousands)
Balance Sheet Data:
Cash, cash equivalents
and marketable
securities.............. $ 31,463 $ 28,444 $ 34,664 $ 30,147 $ 343,603
Working capital.......... 31,259 1,647 29,581 22,382 329,807
Total assets............. 36,044 48,695 42,235 40,482 558,380
Long term obligations.... 110 107 62 23 --
Cash dividends declared
per common share........ -- -- -- -- --
Accumulated deficit...... (31,491) (86,869) (109,405) (126,436) (123,102)
Total shareholders'
equity.................. 34,648 5,681 35,229 22,299 485,562
--------
(1) Computed on the basis described in Note 2 to the Consolidated Financial
Statements.
36
Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and
Results Of Operations
The following discussion should be read together with our consolidated
financial statements and the accompanying notes included elsewhere in this
Annual Report and contains trend analysis and other forward-looking statements
that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could
differ materially from those expressed or implied in these forward-looking
statements as a result of various factors.
Reported in thousands, except share data.
Basis of Financial Statement Presentation
We are primarily engaged in the discovery and development of human
antibody-based therapeutics to fight cancer and other life threatening and
debilitating diseases. We have developed a broad platform of patented
technologies for antibody discovery and development, including our technology
for the creation of high affinity fully human antibodies. Through our 1997
acquisition of GenPharm and our collaboration with Kirin, we expanded our
business to include both our HuMAb-Mouse and Kirin's TC Mouse technologies. In
December 2000 we unveiled a unique crossbred mouse developed in partnership
with Kirin as the newest addition to our UltiMAb Human Antibody Development
System. With the UltiMAb platform, we have assembled a unique family of human
antibody technologies for creating the entire spectrum of high affinity, fully
human antibodies. As of December 31, 2000, 27 companies have acquired the
rights to use our human antibody technology in their development of new
products, including major pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies such as
Novartis, Amgen, Immunex, Schering AG, Centocor (a subsidiary of Johnson &
Johnson) and Eli Lilly & Co. To date we have received up front payments, and
we expect to receive license fees, milestone payments and royalties from these
partnerships. As new disease targets are discovered through genomic and other
research programs, we intend to use our human antibody technology to develop
therapeutic products for ourselves and our partners. As part of our Applied
Genomics strategy we have established a number of collaborations with leading
companies with expertise in genomics and proteomics. Along with our
collaborators, we plan to share equally all costs of clinical development and
expect to share equally in the revenues, expenses and profits associated with
the products that successfully make it to the market. As of year end 2000, we
had formed six such collaborations and we expect to continue adding additional
collaborations in the future.
Revenue--Our revenue is principally derived through licensing our human
antibody technology to pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and through
government grants. The terms of these agreements typically include potential
license fees and a series of milestone payments commencing upon initiation of
clinical trials through commercialization. These payments may total $7,000 to
$10,000 per product if the antibody receives approval from the FDA and
equivalent foreign agencies. We are also entitled to royalties on product
sales.
Research and Development Expenses--Research and development expenses
consist primarily of compensation expense, facilities and supply expense
relating to antibody product development and to the breeding, caring for and
continued development of our HuMAb-Mice and crossbred mice, as well as to the
performance of contract services for our collaborative partners.
General and Administrative Expenses--General and administrative expenses
consist primarily of compensation, facility, travel and other expenses
relating to our general management, financial, administrative and business
development activities.
Results of Operations
Years Ended December 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000
Revenues for 1998, 1999 and 2000 were principally derived from contract and
licensing activities. Total revenues in 1998 of $6,792 included $1,112
received from the sale of MDX-447, one of our monoclonal antibody products, to
Merck KGaA, and $732 in contract and license revenues from Merck KGaA, $1,339
from Aventis
37
Behring, $900 of contract revenue received from Santen and $750 from Eisai.
Total revenues in 1999 of $9,924 increased by $3,132 or 46% over 1998. The
increase relates principally to a $4,000 milestone payment from Centocor which
holds exclusive commercial licenses to develop HuMAb-Mouse antibodies to four
licensed targets. In addition, the increase in 1999 reflects payments pursuant
to license agreements with Merck KGaA. Revenues for 2000 of $22,457 increased
by $12,533 or 126% over 1999. The increase relates principally to $6,000 of
contract and license revenues from Kirin, $5,961 from IDM and $3,971 from Scil
Biomedicals, offset in part by 1999 milestone payments.
Our cost of sales decreased by $509 in 1999, a 42% decrease as compared to
1998. In 1999, the decrease was due to lower production of MDX-447 for Merck
KGaA. Our cost of sales increased by $480 during 2000, a 68% increase as
compared to 1999. The 2000 increase was due to higher production of MDX-CD4
for Genmab.
Research and development expenses decreased $3,193 during 1999, a 14%
decrease from 1998. The 1999 decrease was principally due to decreased
clinical trial activity partially as the result of the suspension of patient
enrollment in the Phase III clinical trial of MDX-RA. The research and
development expense reduction was partially offset by higher personnel costs.
Research and development expenses increased $14,013 during 2000, a 70%
increase over 1999. The increase was principally due to a $5,000 upfront
payment to Eos under our binding letter of intent as well as non-cash charges
for options issued to employees and options and warrants issued to consultants
of $1,569 and $1,588, respectively, in addition to higher personnel and
consulting costs. Research and development costs are expected to increase at
an accelerated rate as our products progress through the regulatory approval
process.
General and administrative expenses increased by $2,971 for 1999, a 59%
increase from 1998. The increase was primarily attributable to higher
personnel costs and heightened business development activities. General and
administrative expenses increased by $10,106 for 2000, a 126% increase over
1999. The increase was primarily attributable to heightened consulting and
personnel costs incurred in connection with the expansion of our business
activities and increased shareholder relation expenses. Included in these
expenses are non-cash charges for options issued to employees and options and
warrants issued to consultants of $2,604 and $5,672, respectively. General and
administrative expenses are expected to increase in the future as our products
are developed and we expand our HuMAb-Mouse and Applied Genomics activities.
Equity in net loss of affiliate of $80 reflects our share of Genmab's loss
for the year ended December 31, 2000. Genmab is an affiliated company and is
accounted for using the equity method. We expect equity in net loss of
affiliates to increase in the near future due to the affiliate's investments
in research and development to develop their own product pipeline.
Interest and dividend income decreased by $751 for 1999, a 38% decrease as
compared to 1998. This decrease was the result of both a lower average cash
balance and a lower return on investments. Interest and dividend income
increased by $19,953 for 2000, a 1656% increase as compared to 1999. The
increase reflects interest earned on higher average cash balances resulting
from the proceeds received from the March 3, 2000 follow-on public offering of
our common stock. We sold 4,798,408 shares and received net proceeds of
approximately $388,100.
Our income tax provision of $341 for the year ended December 31, 1998
represented taxes paid related to the GenPharm acquisition, which were in
excess of the amount of the liability provided for on the date of the
acquisition. Our benefit for income taxes for the year ended December 31, 1999
of $522, consisted of $1,434 received from the sale of a portion of our New
Jersey net operating loss ("NOL") carryforwards and research and development
tax credits offset, in part, by a provision for state taxes. Our benefit for
income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2000 of $13,075 was partially due
to our recording of an increased basis of Genmab's assets as a result of their
initial public offering in October 2000. It consisted of $20,274 of deferred
tax benefit and $944 from the sale of New Jersey state NOLs, offset, in part,
by provisions for federal and state taxes and by current and deferred foreign
withholding tax expense. The deferred tax benefit related to deferred tax
assets for which no valuation allowance was necessary because an equivalent
amount of deferred tax liability was
38
established, related to unrealized gain included in comprehensive income. The
tax benefit is principally derived from our portion of the increase in the
book value of the assets of Genmab resulting from the proceeds Genmab received
upon completion of their initial public offering in October 2000. The current
federal and state tax provisions resulted from revenue that is deferred for
financial reporting purposes but not for tax reporting purposes, and from
limitation of the available federal NOLs. After tax deductions related to
exercises of stock options, no current federal or state taxes were payable at
December 31, 2000. Applicable accounting rules require recognition of tax
benefits associated with these deductions through adjustment to additional
paid in capital rather than through current tax expense.
We do not believe that inflation has had a material impact on our results
of operations.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We have financed our operations since inception primarily through private
placements and public sales of our securities, contract and license revenues
and research product sales. Through December 31, 2000, we have raised $469,109
from sales of securities.
We had $30,147 and $343,603 in cash, cash equivalents and marketable
securities as of December 31, 1999 and 2000, respectively. Operating
activities consumed $12,577, $5,610 and $14,374 of cash for the years ended
December 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000, respectively.
Through December 31, 2000, we have invested $29,268 in property and
equipment.
We have incurred and will continue to incur significant costs in the area
of research and development, including preclinical and clinical trials, as our
products develop. Administrative costs are also expected to increase with the
expansion of administrative activities and the creation of an internal sales
force.
In connection with our merger with Essex Medical Products, we issued
promissory notes to Essex Chemical Corporation in the principal amount of $100
and committed to pay 20% of our net after-tax income until a total of $1,000
has been paid, contingent upon the occurrence of certain events. On June 6,
1991, we repaid the $100 of notes, plus accrued interest to Essex. As the
result of our net income in 2000 we accrued $667 payable to Essex Chemical
Corporation. At our option, this obligation may be satisfied by the payment of
shares of our common stock having a fair market value equal to the amount
owed, provided such shares are registered for sale with the SEC.
At December 31, 2000, we had federal NOL carryforwards of approximately
$70,035. The NOL carryforwards expire in 2002 ($45), 2003 ($196), 2004 ($524),
2006 ($863), 2007 ($3,985), 2008 ($5,533), 2009 ($7,592), 2010 ($6,395), 2011
($7,028), 2012 ($9,642), 2018 ($20,925), 2019 ($2,575), and 2020 ($4,732).
During 2000 we determined that an ownership change under Section 382 of the
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, occurred during 1998. The effect of
the ownership change is the imposition of a $3,193 annual limitation on the
use of NOL carryforwards attributable to periods before the change. At
December 31, 2000, the amount of NOL subject to the limitation was $50,263 and
the amount not subject to limitation was $19,772.
Effective January 1, 1999 the New Jersey Division of Taxation established a
program that allows new or expanding technology and biotechnology businesses
to "sell" their Unused NOL Carryover and Unused Research and Development Tax
Credits to corporate taxpayers in the state for at least 75% of the value of
the benefits. The current state tax provision (benefit) in 1999 and 2000
include $1,434 and $944, respectively, for sales of portions of our NOLs and
Research and Development Tax Credits.
In 1998, 20% or $1,339 of our total revenue was derived from Aventis
Behring for research funding, 13% or $900 was from Santen for research
funding, 11% or $750 from Eisai for a milestone payment and 24% from Merck
KGaA, including $1,112 for producing MDX-447 for proposed new human clinical
trials, $492 for research funding and $240 premium paid for our common stock
over the fair market value.
39
In 1999, 40% or $4,000 of our total revenue was derived from a milestone
payment made by Centocor. In addition, 31% or $3,056 of our total revenue was
derived from Merck KGaA, consisting of $500 for producing MDX-447 for proposed
new human clinical trials, $1,056 for research funding and a $1,500 technology
option fee.
In 2000, 27% or $6,000 of our total revenue was derived from Kirin for
contract revenue. In addition, 27% or $5,961 of our total revenue was derived
from IDM for the transfer of our technology, 18% or $3,971 from Scil for
research funding and up-front fees and 11% or $2,574 from Genmab consisting of
$1,024 for producing MDX CD4 for clinical trials and $1,550 for research
funding.
No other single source accounted for more than 10% of our total revenues
for 1998, 1999 and 2000.
In February 2000, we entered into a binding letter of intent with Eos to
develop and commercialize genomics-derived antibody-based therapeutic
products. Pursuant to the letter of intent, in May 2000 we paid $5,000 to Eos
and deposited an additional $20,000 in a third party escrow account, to be
released over time upon the achievement of certain milestones. This escrow
deposit is included on our December 31, 2000 balance sheet as segregated cash.
In September 2000, we purchased shares of preferred stock of Eos for an
aggregate purchase price of $2,500 which was part of a $27,500 private
placement.
In July 2000, we entered into a Unit Purchase Agreement and an Amended and
Restated Technology Access Agreement with IDM whereby we licensed to IDM
certain of our technologies in exchange for equity units in IDM. As a result
of this transaction, we have recorded a gain from the transfer of its
technology of approximately $40,500 (based upon an independent valuation) in
the third quarter of 2000. During 2000, we recognized $5,901 of this gain in
contract revenue. In accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101,
Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements, we will recognize the balance of
approximately $34,600 as revenue for financial statement reporting purposes
over the next 20 months.
In November 2000, we acquired the Milpitas, California facility that we had
leased in April 2000 for approximately $14,600. This property is approximately
57,000 square feet of laboratory and office space. In January 2001, we
purchased a facility and adjacent land in Greenwich, New Jersey for
approximately $9,200. The Greenwich facility is situated on approximately 106
acres of land and currently contains approximately 165,000 square feet of
laboratory and office space. We intend to modify and expand the Greenwich
facility to increase our capacity to provide materials for clinical trials for
our future products under development through our collaborations and
alliances. In 2001 we expect to spend approximately $30,000 on building
modifications and equipping our facilities.
With the proceeds from our March 2000 offering we believe that our current
cash balances, cash equivalents and marketable securities and cash generated
from contract and licensing activities will be sufficient to meet our
operating and capital requirements for at least the next 24 months. However,
we may require additional financing within this time and may raise funds
through public or private financings, collaborative relationships or other
arrangements.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 133, Accounting for
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ("SFAS 133"). SFAS 133
establishes new accounting and reporting standards for derivative financial
instruments and for hedging activities. SFAS 133 requires us to measure all
derivatives at fair value and to recognize them in the balance sheet as an
asset or liability, depending on our rights or obligations under the
applicable derivative contract. We will adopt SFAS 133 no later than the first
quarter of fiscal year 2001. SFAS 133 is not expected to have an impact on our
consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
In December 1999, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101, Revenue
Recognition in Financial Statements ("SAB 101"). SAB 101 summarizes the SEC's
views in applying generally accepted accounting principles to revenue
recognition. The adoption of SAB 101 had no impact on our operating results
and financial position.
40
In March 2000, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 44, Accounting for
Certain Transactions Involving Stock Compensation ("FIN 44"), which contains
rules designed to clarify the application of APB 25. FIN 44 became effective
on July 1, 2000 at which time we adopted the interpretation. The adoption of
FIN 44 had no impact to our operating results and financial position.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risks
We do not use derivative financial instruments in our operations or
investment portfolio. However, we regularly invest excess operating cash in
deposits with major financial institutions, money market funds, notes issued
by the U.S. Government, as well as fixed income investments and U.S. bond
funds both of which can be readily purchased or sold using established
markets. We believe that the market risk arising from our holdings of these
financial instruments is minimal. We do not have exposure to market risks
associated with changes in interest rates as we have no variable interest rate
debt outstanding. We do not believe we have any material exposure to market
risks associated with interest rates.
We may be exposed to exchange conversion differences in translating the
foreign results of its investment in Genmab to U.S. dollars. Depending upon
the strengthening or weakening of the U.S. dollar, the conversion difference
could be significant.
41
Item 8. Consolidated Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Report of Independent Auditors
The Board of Directors and Shareholders
Medarex, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Medarex,
Inc. and Subsidiaries as of December 31, 1999 and 2000, and the related
consolidated statements of operations, shareholders' equity and cash flows for
each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2000. These financial
statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on
our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally
accepted in the United States. Those standards require that we plan and
perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial
statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on
a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial
statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used
and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the
overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a
reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly,
in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Medarex, Inc.
and Subsidiaries at December 31, 1999 and 2000, and the consolidated results
of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the
period ended December 31, 2000, in conformity with accounting principles
generally accepted in the United States.
/s/ Ernst & Young LLP
MetroPark, New Jersey
February 21, 2001
42
MEDAREX, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
December 31,
--------------------
1999 2000
--------- ---------
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents.............................. $ 14,366 $ 78,397
Marketable securities.................................. 15,781 265,206
Other current assets................................... 4,395 23,422
--------- ---------
Total current assets................................. 34,542 367,025
Property and equipment:
Machinery and equipment................................ 5,061 6,503
Furniture and fixtures................................. 336 409
Leasehold improvements................................. 2,310 2,356
Construction in progress............................... -- 20,000
--------- ---------
7,707 29,268
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization......... (4,633) (5,837)
--------- ---------
3,074 23,431
Investment in Genmab................................... -- 77,468
Investment in IDM...................................... 415 48,199
Investments in, and advances to, other affiliates and
partners.............................................. 49 7,634
Segregated cash........................................ 1,300 22,068
Other assets........................................... 1,102 12,555
--------- ---------
Total assets......................................... $ 40,482 $ 558,380
========= =========
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Trade accounts payable................................. $ 620 $ 1,463
Accrued liabilities.................................... 5,133 5,945
Deferred contract revenue--current..................... 6,407 29,810
--------- ---------
Total current liabilities............................ 12,160 37,218
Deferred contract revenue--long-term..................... 6,000 15,326
Deferred income taxes and other long-term obligations.... 23 20,274
Commitments and contingencies............................ -- --
Shareholders' equity:
Preferred stock, $1.00 par value, 2,000,000 shares
authorized, none issued and outstanding............... -- --
Common stock, $.01 par value, 200,000,000 shares
authorized, 65,429,884 shares issued and 64,224,884
outstanding at December 31, 1999 and 73,802,666 shares
issued and 72,597,666 shares outstanding at December
31, 2000.............................................. 654 738
Capital in excess of par value......................... 148,705 569,410
Treasury stock, at cost 1,205,000 shares............... (3,031) (3,031)
Deferred compensation.................................. 2,970 2,234
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).......... (563) 39,313
Accumulated deficit.................................... (126,436) (123,102)
--------- ---------
Total shareholders' equity........................... 22,299 485,562
--------- ---------
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity........... $ 40,482 $ 558,380
========= =========
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
43
MEDAREX, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except share data)
For the Year Ended December 31,
----------------------------------
1998 1999 2000
---------- ---------- ----------
Sales...................................... $ 1,349 $ 1,079 $ 264
Contract and license revenues.............. 5,443 8,593 19,619
Sales, contract and license revenues from
Genmab.................................... -- 252 2,574
---------- ---------- ----------
Total revenues......................... 6,792 9,924 22,457
Costs and expenses:
Cost of sales............................ 1,218 709 1,189
Research and development................. 23,122 19,929 33,942
General and administrative............... 5,065 8,036 18,142
---------- ---------- ----------
Total costs and expenses................. 29,405 28,674 53,273
---------- ---------- ----------
Operating loss......................... (22,613) (18,750) (30,816)
Equity in net loss of affiliate............ -- -- (80)
Interest and dividend income............... 1,956 1,205 21,158
Interest expense........................... (1,539) (8) (3)
---------- ---------- ----------
Loss before provision (benefit) for
income taxes.......................... (22,196) (17,553) (9,741)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes....... 341 (522) (13,075)
---------- ---------- ----------
Net income (loss)...................... $ (22,537) $ (17,031) $ 3,334
========== ========== ==========
Basic net income (loss) per share.......... $ (0.44) $ (0.27) $ 0.05
========== ========== ==========
Diluted net income (loss) per share........ $ (0.44) $ (0.27) $ 0.05
========== ========== ==========
Weighted average number of common shares
outstanding during the
year--basic .............................. 50,780,000 63,840,000 71,532,000
========== ========== ==========
--diluted.................................. 50,780,000 63,840,000 73,232,000
========== ========== ==========
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
44
MEDAREX, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS' EQUITY
(Dollars in thousands)
Common Stock Treasury Stock
----------------- Capital Accumulated --------------------
in
Number excess other Number Total
of of par comprehensive Accumulated of Deferred shareholders'
shares Amount value income (loss) deficit shares Amount Compensation equity
---------- ------ -------- ------------- ----------- ----------- ------- ------------ -------------
Balance at
December 31,
1997..............
As previously
reported.......... 21,922,186 $219 $ 92,142 $ 188 $(86,868) $ 5,681
2-for-1 stock
split effective
September 27,
2000.............. 21,922,186 219 (219)
---------- ---- -------- ------- --------- ----------- ------- ------ --------
Balance at
December 31,
1997.............. 43,844,372 438 91,923 188 $(86,868) 5,681
Issuance of common
stock, as a
portion of the
proceeds for
GenPharm
International,
Inc. stock........ 15,102,384 152 43,293 43,445
Issuance of common
stock, for
exercise of
options........... 70,034 -- 41 41
Issuance of common
stock in private
placements........ 3,207,698 32 6,696 6,728
Issuance of common
stock for bonus to
GenPharm
International,
Inc. employees.... 789,884 8 1,984 1,992
Net loss.......... (22,537) (22,537)
Other
comprehensive
income-unrealized
loss on
securities........ (121) (121)
--------
Comprehensive
loss............. (22,658)
---------- ---- -------- ------- --------- ----------- ------- ------ --------
Balance at
December 31,
1998.............. 63,014,372 630 143,937 67 (109,405) 35,229
---------- ---- -------- ------- --------- ----------- ------- ------ --------
Issuance of common
stock for exercise
of options and
grant of
restricted
shares............ 907,330 9 3,694 3,703
Issuance of common
stock in private
placements........ 246,002 2 898 900
Exercise of
warrants.......... 57,180 1 127 128
Issuance of common
stock for
Executive Deferred
Compensation
Plan.............. 1,205,000 12 49 (1,205,000) $(3,031) $2,970 --
Net Loss.......... (17,031) (17,031)
Other
comprehensive
income-unrealized
loss on
securities........ (630) (630)
--------
Comprehensive
loss............. (17,661)
---------- ---- -------- ------- --------- ----------- ------- ------ --------
Balance at
December 31, 1999 65,429,884 654 148,705 (563) (126,436) (1,205,000) (3,031) 2,970 22,299
---------- ---- -------- ------- --------- ----------- ------- ------ --------
Issuance of common
stock in public
offering.......... 4,798,408 48 388,083 388,131
Exercise of
warrants.......... 909,592 9 4,539 4,548
Issuance of common
stock for exercise
of options and
grant of
restricted
shares............ 2,664,782 27 19,920 (736) 19,211
Tax benefit from
exercise of stock
options........... 8,163 8,163
Net income........ 3,334 3,334
Other
comprehensive
income-unrealized
adjustment to
carrying value of
affiliate, net of
tax of 20,274 .... 38,030 38,030
foreign currency
translation
adjustment....... (788) (788)
unrealized gain
on securities.... 2,634 2,634
--------
Comprehensive
income........... 43,210
---------- ---- -------- ------- --------- ----------- ------- ------ --------
Balance at
December 31,
2000.............. 73,802,666 $738 $569,410 $39,313 $(123,102) (1,205,000) $(3,031) $2,234 $485,562
========== ==== ======== ======= ========= =========== ======= ====== ========
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
45
MEDAREX, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
For the Year Ended December 31,
-----------------------------------
1998 1999 2000
---------- ---------- -----------
Operating activities:
Net income (loss)........................ $ (22,537) $ (17,031) $ 3,334
Adjustments to reconcile net income
(loss) to net cash used in operating
activities:
Depreciation........................... 698 696 867
Amortization........................... 475 352 380
Cash received from patent issuance..... 7,500 -- --
Equity received for contract revenue... (100) -- --
Non cash interest expense.............. 1,521 -- --
Stock options to employees............. -- -- 4,174
Stock bonus to employees............... -- 2,279 84
Stock options and warrants to non-
employees............................. 34 -- 7,175
Non cash revenue--IDM.................. -- -- (5,901)
Non cash revenue--Genmab............... -- -- (667)
Equity in net loss of Genmab........... -- -- 80
Deferred income taxes.................. -- -- (13,075)
Changes in operating assets and
liabilities, net of acquisition:
Other current assets..................... (784) (1,934) (9,940)
Trade accounts payable................... 12 226 843
Accrued liabilities...................... (1,079) 278 1,440
Deferred contract revenue................ 1,683 9,524 (3,168)
---------- ---------- -----------
Net cash used in operating activities.. (12,577) (5,610) (14,374)
Investing activities:
Purchase of property and equipment....... (1,611) (740) (21,561)
Decrease in note receivable.............. 15,000 -- --
Increase in segregated cash.............. (985) -- (20,768)
Increase in investment in Genmab......... -- -- (18,000)
Decrease (increase) in investments and
advances to affiliate and partners...... (46) 62 (14,902)
Purchase of marketable securities........ (37,628) (4,000) (294,431)
Sales of marketable securities........... 28,975 17,842 47,641
---------- ---------- -----------
Net cash provided by (used in)
investing activities.................. 3,705 13,164 (322,021)
Financing activities:
Cash received from sales of stock, net... 6,770 2,452 400,457
Principal payments under debt
obligations............................. (210) (51) (31)
---------- ---------- -----------
Net cash provided by financing
activities............................ 6,560 2,401 400,426
---------- ---------- -----------
Net increase (decrease) in cash and
cash equivalents...................... (2,312) 9,955 64,031
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning
of period............................... 6,723 4,411 14,366
---------- ---------- -----------
Cash and cash equivalents at end of
period.................................. $ 4,411 $ 14,366 $ 78,397
========== ========== ===========
Supplemental disclosures of cash flow
information
Cash paid during period for:
Income taxes........................... $ 1,009 $ -- $ 292
========== ========== ===========
Interest............................... $ 18 $ 8 $ 3
========== ========== ===========
See notes to consolidated financial statements.
46
MEDAREX, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
1. Nature of Operations
Medarex, Inc. ("Medarex" or the "Company"), incorporated in July 1987, is a
biotechnology company developing therapeutic products for cancer, autoimmune
disease and other life-threatening and debilitating diseases based on
proprietary technology in the field of immunology. The Company's therapeutic
products are currently under development and will need the approval of the
U.S. Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") prior to commercial distribution in
the United States.
The Company has three wholly-owned subsidiaries: Medarex Europe B.V. which
was incorporated in the Netherlands on October 31, 1996; Houston Biotechnology
Incorporated ("HBI") which was acquired on February 28, 1997; and GenPharm
International, Inc. ("GenPharm") which was acquired on October 21, 1997. The
Company also holds equity interests of various companies and accounts for them
either through the equity or cost methods. As of December 31, 2000, the
Company has investments in the following companies: Genmab A/S (GEN:
Copenhagen Stock Exchange, and GE9D: German Neuer Markt), IDM S.A. (see Note
12), Athersys, Inc., Elusys, Inc., Oxford GlycoSciences plc, and Eos
Biotechnology, Inc. The Company's operations constitute one business segment.
All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in
consolidation.
2. Significant Accounting Policies
Cash Equivalents
The Company considers all highly liquid investments with a maturity of
three months or less to be cash equivalents. The Company invests its cash in
deposits with major financial institutions, money market funds and notes
issued by the U. S. government.
Marketable Securities
Marketable securities consist of fixed income investments with a maturity
of greater than three months and U.S. bond funds, both of which can be readily
purchased or sold using established markets. Such securities, which are
classified as "available-for-sale," are carried at market with unrealized
gains and losses reported in other comprehensive income (loss), which is a
separate component of shareholders' equity. These unrealized gains and losses
are considered temporary.
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment is stated at cost. Depreciation is provided over
three to five years using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are
amortized over the estimated useful lives of the assets or the related lease
terms, whichever is shorter.
Transactions in Affiliates Stock
At the time an affiliate sells its stock to unrelated parties at a price in
excess of its book value, the Company's net investment in that affiliate
increases proportionate to its equity basis in the affiliate. If at that time
the affiliate is a newly-formed start-up, or a development stage company, the
company's proportionate share of the affiliates' equity resulting from the
additional equity raised is accounted for as an equity transaction under
Accounting Principles Board ("APB") Opinion No. 18 and Staff Accounting
Bulletin ("SAB") No. 51. Such
47
MEDAREX, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
December 31, 1997, 1998 and 1999
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
transactions are reflected as equity transactions in the accompanying
statement of shareholders' equity. If an affiliate's common stock is listed on
a national market and the Company's investment in the affiliate is not
accounted for under the equity method, then the investment is classified as
marketable securities and carried at fair market value.
Revenue Recognition
The Company sells antibodies primarily to research institutions in the
United States and overseas. Revenue from these sales is recognized when the
products are shipped.
Revenue related to collaborative research with the Company's corporate
partners is recognized as research services are performed over the related
funding periods for each contract. Under these agreements, the Company is
required to perform research and development activities as specified in each
respective agreement. Deferred revenue may result when the Company does not
expend the required level of effort during a specific period in comparison to
funds received under the respective contracts or when funds received are
refundable under certain circumstances. Milestone and royalty payments, if
any, are recognized pursuant to collaborative agreements upon the achievement
of specified milestones.
Non-refundable up-front payments received in connection with research and
development collaboration agreements are deferred and recognized on a
straight-line basis over the relevant periods in the agreement, generally the
research term.
Research and Development
Research and development costs are expensed as incurred.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the financial statements in conformity with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make
estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the financial
statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ from those
estimates.
Stock Based Compensation
In accordance with the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting
Standards ("SFAS") No. 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, the
Company applies Accounting Principles Board Opinion 25 and related
interpretations in accounting for its stock option plans and, accordingly,
does not recognize compensation expense for stock options granted at fair
market value. Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements contains a
summary of the pro-forma effects to reported net loss and loss per share for
1998, 1999 and 2000 as if the Company had elected to recognize compensation
expense based on the fair value of the options granted at grant date as
prescribed by SFAS No. 123.
Foreign Currency Translation
Investments in foreign affiliates have been translated into U.S. dollars in
accordance with FASB Statement No. 52, Foreign Currency Translation. All
balance sheet accounts have been translated using the exchange rates in effect
at the balance sheet date. Income statement amounts have been translated using
the average exchange rate for the year. The gains and losses resulting from
the changes in exchange rates from year to year have been reported in other
comprehensive income (loss).
48
MEDAREX, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
December 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
Net Income (Loss) Per Share
Basic and diluted earnings per share is calculated in accordance with the
Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") SFAS No. 128, Earnings per
Share. Basic earnings per share is based upon the number of weighted average
shares of common stock outstanding. Diluted earnings per share is based upon
the weighted average number of shares of common stock and dilutive potential
shares of common stock outstanding. Potential shares of common stock are
outstanding stock options which are included under the treasury stock method
for the year ended December 31, 2000. For the years ended December 31, 1998
and 1999, potentially dilutive securities have been excluded from the
computation, as their effect is antidilutive.
The computation of basic and diluted earnings per share for the years ended
December 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000 is as follows:
1998 1999 2000
---------- ---------- ----------
Numerator:
Net income (loss)..................... ($22,537) ($17,031) $3,334
========== ========== ==========
Denominator:
Denominator for basic net income
(loss) per share--Weighted average
shares............................... 50,780,000 63,840,000 71,532,000
Effect of dilutive securities:
Stock options....................... -- -- 1,700,000
---------- ---------- ----------
Denominator for diluted net income
(loss) per share--adjusted weighted-
average shares....................... 50,780,000 63,840,000 73,232,000
Basic net income (loss) per share....... ($ 0.44) ($ 0.27) $ 0.05
Diluted net income (loss) per share..... ($ 0.44) ($ 0.27) $ 0.05
The following options to purchase shares of common stock were outstanding
during 2000, but were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per
share because the options' exercise price was greater than the average market
price of the common shares for the year and, therefore, the effect would be
antidilutive:
Number of options.................................................... 142,200
Weighted-average exercise price...................................... $53.50
Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In June 1998, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued
Statement of Financial Accounting Standards ("SFAS") No. 133, Accounting for
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities ("SFAS 133"). SFAS 133
establishes new accounting and reporting standards for derivative financial
instruments and for hedging activities. SFAS 133 requires the Company to
measure all derivatives at fair value and to recognize them in the balance
sheet as an asset or liability, depending on the Company's rights or
obligations under the applicable derivative contract. SFAS 133 is effective
for all fiscal quarters of fiscal years beginning after June 15, 2000. As the
Company does not currently engage in derivatives or hedging transactions, SFAS
133 is not expected to have an impact on the Company's consolidated results of
operations, financial position or cash flows.
In December 1999, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101, Revenue
Recognition in Financial Statements ("SAB 101"). SAB 101 summarizes the SEC's
views in applying generally accepted accounting principles to revenue
recognition. The adoption of SAB 101 had no impact on the Company's operating
results or financial position.
49
MEDAREX, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
December 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
In March 2000, the FASB issued FASB Interpretation No. 44, Accounting for
Certain Transactions Involving Stock Compensation ("FIN 44"), which contains
rules designed to clarify the application of APB 25. FIN 44 became effective
on July 1, 2000 at which time the Company adopted the interpretation. The
adoption of FIN 44 had no impact on the Company's operating results and
financial position.
Reclassifications
Certain 1998 and 1999 balances have been reclassified to conform with the
current year presentation.
3. Available for Sale Investments
Available for sale investments consist of the following as of December 31:
1999 2000
----------------------------- -------------------------------
Unrealized Estimated Unrealized Estimated
Cost (Loss) Fair Value Cost Gain (Loss) Fair Value
------- ---------- ---------- -------- ----------- ----------
Money market funds
(included in cash and
cash equivalents)...... $ 1,241 $ -- $ 1,241 $ 72,727 $ -- $ 72,727
US Treasury
Obligations............ 6,824 (278) 6,546 26,158 237 26,395
US Corporate Debt
Securities............. 9,520 (285) 9,235 234,420 2,416 236,836
Equity Securities....... -- -- -- 2,556 (581) 1,975
------- ----- ------- -------- ------ --------
$17,585 $(563) $17,022 $335,861 $2,072 $337,933
======= ===== ======= ======== ====== ========
The Company's available for sale investments have the following maturities
at December 31, 2000:
Due in one year or less.......................................... $226,333
Due after one year, less than five years......................... 105,971
Due after five years............................................. 5,629
4. Balance Sheet Detail
Other current assets consist of the following as of December 31:
1999 2000
------ -------
Deferred tax benefit............................................ $ -- $ 8,743
Interest and dividends receivable .............................. 106 6,460
Receivables from corporate partners............................. 853 4,174
Payroll taxes receivable--employees............................. 1,889 363
Other........................................................... 1,547 3,682
------ -------
$4,395 $23,422
====== =======
Accrued liabilities consist of the following as of December 31:
1999 2000
------ -------
Accrued compensation............................................ $1,220 $ 2,229
Accrued professional fees....................................... 376 1,022
Accrued clinical trials expense................................. 287 511
Accrued payroll taxes........................................... 1,911 10
Accrued taxes................................................... 912 --
Other........................................................... 427 2,173
------ -------
$5,133 $ 5,945
====== =======
50
MEDAREX, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
December 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
5. Taxes
Income tax expense is determined using the liability method.
The provision (benefit) for income taxes is as follows:
Year ended December
31
----------------------
1998 1999 2000
---- ------- --------
Federal
Current............................................ $341 $ -- $ 5,134
Deferred........................................... -- -- (16,978)
---- ------- --------
Total federal.................................... 341 -- (11,844)
State
Current............................................ -- (522) 1,357
Deferred........................................... -- -- (3,296)
---- ------- --------
Total state...................................... -- (522) (1,939)
Foreign
Current............................................ -- 1,200 108
Deferred........................................... -- (1,200) 600
---- ------- --------
Total foreign.................................... -- -- 708
---- ------- --------
Total.......................................... $341 $ (522) $(13,075)
==== ======= ========
The current state tax provision (benefit) in 1999 and 2000 include $1,434,
and $944, respectively, attributable to the Company's sale of certain state
net operating loss and credit carryforwards. The current and deferred foreign
tax provisions relate to foreign withholding taxes.
51
MEDAREX, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
December 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
A reconciliation of the provision (benefit) for income taxes and the amount
computed by applying the federal income rate of 34% to income before provision
(benefit) for income tax is as follows:
Year ended December 31
--------------------------
1998 1999 2000
------- ------- --------
Computed at statutory rate...................... $(7,547) $(5,968) $ (3,085)
State income taxes, net of federal tax effect... -- (338) 648
Loss of foreign subsidiary...................... 217 346 515
Permanent items related to the acquisition of
subsidiaries, the write off of technology and
investment in foreign joint venture............ -- 2,550 --
Foreign withholding taxes....................... -- -- 671
Change in valuation allowance related to
unrealized gain................................ -- -- (20,274)
Other........................................... 346 33 321
Other change in deferred tax valuation
allowance...................................... 7,325 2,855 8,129
------- ------- --------
$ 341 $ (522) $ 13,075
======= ======= ========
The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities consist of the
following as of December 31:
1999 2000
-------- --------
Deferred tax assets:
Net operating loss carryforwards....................... $ 24,796 $ 26,502
Accrued compensation................................... -- 3,450
R&D capitalized for tax purposes....................... 4,148 4,148
Deferred revenue....................................... 4,793 17,828
Research credits....................................... 2,912 3,190
Foreign withholding tax................................ 1,200 600
Other.................................................. 199 300
-------- --------
38,048 56,018
Deferred tax asset valuation allowance................. (36,369) (34,945)
-------- --------
1,679 21,073
-------- --------
Net deferred tax liabilities:
Unrealized gain........................................ -- 20,274
Other.................................................. 479 199
-------- --------
479 20,473
-------- --------
Net deferred tax assets.................................. $ 1,200 $ 600
======== ========
At December 31, 2000, approximately $10,105 of the deferred tax asset
related to net operating loss ("NOL") carryforwards and an equivalent amount
of deferred tax asset valuation allowance represented tax benefits associated
with the exercise of non-qualified stock options and the disqualifying
disposition of stock acquired with incentive stock options. Such benefits,
when realized, are credited to additional paid-in capital.
At December 31, 2000, the Company had federal NOL carryforwards of
approximately $70,035. The NOL carryforwards expire in 2002 ($45), 2003
($196), 2004 ($524), 2006 ($863), 2007 ($3,985), 2008 ($5,533), 2009
52
MEDAREX, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
December 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
($7,592), 2010 ($6,395), 2011 ($7,028), 2012 ($9,642), 2018 ($20,925), 2019
($2,575), and 2020 ($4,732). During 2000 the Company determined that an
ownership change under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as
amended, occurred during 1998. The effect of the ownership change is the
imposition of a $3,193 annual limitation on the use of NOL carryforwards
attributable to periods before change. At December 31, 2000, the amount of NOL
subject to the limitation was $50,263 and the amount not subject to limitation
was $19,772.
The Company had federal research tax credit carryforwards at December 31,
2000 of approximately $2,270 which expire between 2005 and 2020. As a result
of the 1998 ownership change under Section 382, the use of approximately
$1,358 of these carryforwards is subject to limitation.
As a result of the acquisition of HBI, the Company had additional federal
NOL carryforwards at December 31, 2000 of approximately $7,481. The NOL
carryforwards expire as follows: 2001 ($145), 2002 ($900), 2003 ($1,038), 2005
($295), 2006 ($783), 2007 ($666), 2008 ($781), 2009 ($114), 2013 ($74), and
2018 ($2,685). Also related to this acquisition, the Company had research
credit carryforwards of approximately $672 which expire between 2005 and 2010.
The use of these NOL and credit carryforwards is subject to an annual
limitation under Section 382. The Company has not determined the amount of the
limitation.
At December 31, 2000, the Company had a state NOL carryforward of
approximately $11,700 that expires in 2007.
6. Shareholders' Equity
In October 1997, the Company consummated the acquisition of GenPharm (the
"Merger") resulting in GenPharm becoming a wholly-owned subsidiary of the
Company. Pursuant to the Merger, the Company was obligated to issue shares of
its common stock having a value of up to $62,725 (the "Purchase Price"),
subject to adjustment, in exchange for all of the outstanding shares of
GenPharm capital stock. During 1997 the Company issued 3,250,000 shares of its
common stock as payment of $17,794 of the Purchase Price. The amount of the
Purchase Price was subsequently reduced by approximately $518 as a result of
certain adjustments provided for under the terms of the Merger.
In August 1998, certain of the former GenPharm stockholders assigned their
rights (the "Rights") to receive $25,123 of the remaining balance of the
Purchase Price to BCC Acquisition I LLC ("BCC"), a limited liability company
formed between The Bay City Capital Fund I, L.P. and various affiliates of
BCC. As part of this transaction, the Company issued 7,443,754 shares of
common stock and warrants to purchase 909,592 shares of common stock at an
exercise price of $5.00 per share exercisable over a period of seven (7) years
to BCC in exchange for such Rights. On September 1, 1998, the Company prepaid
the remaining balance of the Purchase Price owed to the GenPharm stockholders
($19,290) by issuing 7,658,630 shares of common stock, valued at $2.52 per
share.
In August 1998, Merck KGaA made a $1,200 milestone payment in exchange for
384,000 shares of the Company's common stock. Of this amount $960 was included
in equity and $240 was recorded as contract revenue. The payment was triggered
by clinical development progress on MDX-447. In December 1998, Merck KGaA
obtained an option to expand its collaboration with the Company for the anti-
cancer bispecific antibody, MDX-447. Merck KGaA has obtained the exclusive
option to negotiate for worldwide licensing rights, with Medarex retaining
United States rights, in return for an option fee of $1,500. The Company
transferred its interest in MDX-447 to IDM in July 2000. The option fee at
December 31, 1998 was recorded as deferred revenue and was amortized into
revenue over the one-year life of the option.
53
MEDAREX, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
December 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
In September 1998, Centocor, Inc. ("Centocor"), now a wholly-owned
subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson, exercised its option to obtain an exclusive
commercial license to fully human antibodies for four antigens created with
the Company's HuMAb-Mouse technology. Under the terms of the agreement,
Centocor made a $4,000 equity purchase and received 1,800,680 shares of the
Company's common stock.
In December 1998, Novartis Pharma AG ("Novartis") made a $2,000 equity
purchase for 1,023,018 shares of the Company's common stock. This payment
represents the first disbursement by Novartis pursuant to a license agreement
for the rights to use the HuMAb-Mouse technology. Of this amount, $1,800 is
included in equity and $200 was amortized into contract revenue as Novartis
evaluated the initial HuMAb-Mouse target. In November 1999, Novartis made a
$1,000 equity purchase of 246,002 shares of the Company's common stock. This
payment represents the second disbursement by Novartis pursuant to a license
agreement for the rights to use the HuMAb-Mouse technology. Of this amount,
$900 is included in equity and $100 was amortized into contract revenue as
Novartis evaluated additional HuMAb-Mouse targets.
In March 2000, the Company completed a follow-on public offering of
4,798,408 shares of common stock at a price of $86.00 per share resulting in
net proceeds to the Company of approximately $388,100.
On September 12, 2000, the Company's Board of Directors approved a two-for-
one stock split of the Company's outstanding shares of common stock. The stock
split entitled each holder of record at the close of business on September 27,
2000 to receive one additional share of common stock for every share of common
stock held by such shareholder. The accompanying consolidated financial
statements have been adjusted to give retroactive recognition to the common
stock split, effective on September 27, 2000, for all periods presented by
reclassifying from capital in excess of par value to common stock an amount
equal to the par value of the additional shares arising from the split. In
addition, all references in the consolidated financial statements to number of
shares and per share amounts have been adjusted.
7. Stock Options
The Company has ten Stock Option Plans (the "Plans"). The purchase price of
stock options under the Plans is determined by the Stock Option Committee of
the Board of Directors of the Company (the "Committee"). The term is fixed by
the Committee, but no incentive stock option is exercisable after 10 years
from the date of grant. As a result of the 1997 HBI acquisition, outstanding
HBI options were converted to 374,942 Company options. At December 31, 2000, a
total of 943,400 shares were available for future grants under the Plans.
In accordance with the terms of the Company's 1999 Stock Option Plan, on
November 1, 1999, five of the Company's employees were granted a total of
200,400 shares of restricted common stock. Under the terms of each restricted
stock agreement, the shares of restricted stock could not be sold, assigned,
pledged or transferred until the date on which the last reported sales price
of the Company's common stock as reported on the Nasdaq Stock Market equaled
or exceeded $8.50 per share for any 10 trading days out of any 20 consecutive
trading days. The Company's common stock closed at or above $8.50 per share 10
days between December 3, 1999 and December 17, 1999, therefore the restriction
on these shares lapsed on December 17, 1999 on which date the closing price
was $11.38 per share. The Company has recorded compensation expense of $2,279
in its statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 1999 related to
these restricted stock grants.
54
MEDAREX, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
December 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
A summary of the Company's stock option activity and related information
for the years ended December 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000 follows:
1998 1999 2000
------------------- -------------------- --------------------
Weighted Weighted Weighted
Common Average Common Average Common Average
Stock Exercise Stock Exercise Stock Exercise
Options Price Options Price Options Price
--------- -------- ---------- -------- ---------- --------
Outstanding at beginning
of year................ 5,268,904 $ 2.10 5,581,854 $ 2.09 5,181,264 $ 2.87
Granted................ 436,850 1.77 1,898,900 3.14 1,736,110 32.26
Exercised.............. (59,700) (0.64) (2,112,330) (1.05) (2,664,782) (3.35)
Canceled............... (64,200) (2.58) (187,160) (2.91) (358,000) (3.44)
Outstanding at end of
year................... 5,581,854 2.09 5,181,264 2.87 3,894,592 7.47
Exercisable at end of
year................... 5,153,204 3,282,364 2,158,481
Weighted average fair
value of options
granted during the
year................... $ 1.07 $ 2.34 $29.94
Stock options outstanding at December 31, 2000 are summarized as follows:
Weighted
Outstanding Average Weighted
Options at Remaining Average
Range of December 31, Contractual Exercise
Exercise Price 2000 Life Price
-------------- ------------ ----------- --------
$1.47 to $2.84........................... 1,191,950 6.23 $ 2.25
$3.03 to $5.60........................... 1,413,631 7.99 $ 3.59
$19.44 to $39.31......................... 514,710 9.38 $31.63
$40.28 to $97.07......................... 774,301 9.70 $51.88
----------
3,894,592
==========
The Company has adopted the disclosure-only provisions of SFAS No. 123,
Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation, and applies Accounting Principles
Board Opinion No. 25 and related interpretations in accounting for its Plans.
If the Company had elected to recognize compensation expense based on fair
value of the options granted at grant date as prescribed by SFAS No. 123, net
loss and loss per share would have been increased to the pro forma amounts
indicated in the table below.
1998 1999 2000
-------- -------- --------
Net income (loss)--as reported.............. $(22,537) $(17,031) $ 3,334
Net loss--pro-forma......................... $(23,945) $(18,388) $(21,596)
Income (loss) per share--as reported........ $ (.44) $ (.27) $ .05
Loss per share--pro-forma................... $ (.47) $ (.29) $ (.29)
The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using
the Black Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions:
1998 1999 2000
------- ------- -------
Expected dividend yield......................... 0% 0% 0%
Expected stock price volatility................. 68.8% 99.8% 155.3%
Risk-free interest rate......................... 4.6% 5.5% 5.5%
Expected life of options........................ 5 years 5 years 5 years
55
MEDAREX, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
December 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
8. Executive Deferred Compensation Plan
Effective March 31, 1999 the Company instituted an executive deferred
compensation plan to permit certain individuals to defer the gain on the
exercise of stock options to a specified future period. In June 1999, six
individuals deferred the gain on the exercise of options to purchase 1,205,000
shares of the Company's common stock which is included as treasury stock in
the Company's December 31, 1999 and December 31, 2000 consolidated balance
sheets. The Company's executive deferred compensation plan does not permit
diversification and must be settled by the delivery of 1,181,042 shares of the
Company's stock which may begin in 2002. Accordingly, changes in the fair
value of the amount owed to the individuals are not recognized.
9. Warrants
On July 1, 1994, pursuant to a secondary offering, the underwriter was
issued warrants to purchase 200,000 shares of common stock. Under the terms of
the warrants, each warrant holder was entitled to purchase one share of common
stock at a price of $2.25 per share commencing July 1, 1995 until June 30,
1999. In 1999, 57,180 warrants were exercised and 142,820 warrants expired on
June 30, 1999.
On October 21, 1997, the Company acquired GenPharm. As a result of this
purchase, the Company assumed GenPharm's outstanding warrants which, if
converted, could have purchased 50,000 shares of common stock at $3.00 per
share. These warrants expired unexercised on June 30, 1999.
On August 4, 1998, certain of the former GenPharm stockholders assigned
their rights to receive $25,123 of the remaining balance of the purchase price
of GenPharm to BCC. As part of this transaction, the Company issued to BCC
warrants to purchase 909,592 shares of common stock at an exercise price of
$5.00 per share exercisable over a period of seven (7) years. In 2000, all the
BCC warrants were exercised.
10. Research and Development Agreements
The Company has a significant number of research and development agreements
related to its discovery and development strategy. The following is a
description of certain of these agreements which have had, or may have, a
significant financial impact.
On April 26, 1996, the Company announced that it had entered into a
collaboration agreement with Aventis Behring L.L.C., a Delaware limited
liability company formed through a joint venture of Hoechst AG and Rhone-
Poulenc Rorer, Inc., to develop and market MDX-33. This collaboration provides
for the joint development of MDX-33 by the Company and Aventis Behring.
Subject to the terms of the arrangement, the Company is primarily responsible
for product development, clinical testing through Phase II trials and the
manufacture of all products used in clinical trials. Aventis Behring is
primarily responsible for the payment of all expenses associated with Phase I
and Phase II clinical trials of MDX-33 to be conducted by the Company, up to a
maximum of $20,000. If such trials are successfully completed, Aventis Behring
will be primarily responsible for Phase III clinical trials, regulatory
approvals, product commercialization and the costs associated therewith. In
addition, under the terms of the arrangement, Aventis Behring paid to the
Company in 1996 an up-front fee of $1,000 which was included in contract and
license revenue and funded research and development of $900 over three years
starting in July of 1996. Aventis Behring may also provide the Company with up
to $10,000 of additional funding upon the achievement of certain milestones.
In 1998, 1999 and 2000 the Company recognized $1,339, $353 and $261 in
contract revenue from Aventis Behring.
56
MEDAREX, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
December 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
Under the terms of the agreement, Aventis Behring has an option (the
"Option") to purchase shares of common stock of the Company in an amount equal
to $2,000, at a premium over the market price for the common stock on the
Nasdaq National Market for the three day period commencing one business day
prior to the Company's public announcement that certain milestones have been
achieved, subject to a maximum of 20% of the shares of the common stock or
voting power outstanding prior to such issuance. If such milestones have been
achieved and Aventis Behring does not elect to exercise the Option, then
Aventis Behring will be required to pay $2,000 in cash to the Company.
HBI, which was acquired by the Company on February 28, 1997, had entered
into an exclusive license agreement with Baylor College of Medicine ("Baylor")
to market, manufacture, grant sublicenses and sell HBI's 4197X-RA Immunotoxin
(also known as MDX-RA). MDX-RA is an immunotoxin used to prevent secondary
cataracts. Baylor has the right to terminate this license agreement due to the
fact that a Product License Application with respect to MDX-RA was not filed
with the FDA by December 31, 2000. Pursuant to this agreement, the Company is
obligated to pay Baylor a royalty equal to a maximum of 10% of the net sales
of the product until $5,000 in royalties are paid and 5% of net sales
thereafter (5% and 2.5% in certain instances). No royalties have yet been paid
under this agreement.
In May 1993, GenPharm, which was acquired by the Company on October 21,
1997, entered into a collaboration with Eisai Co., Ltd. ("Eisai") to fund the
development and initial manufacturing of a specific human antibody product.
This agreement was subsequently amended to provide for further research and
development funding through December 31, 1997. In 1998, the Company received a
$750 milestone payment for the production of antibodies. Research and
development costs incurred under this agreement, to date, have approximated
revenues. In the event that Eisai elects to acquire rights to commercialize
such product in North America, the Company will receive a milestone payment.
In February 1997, GenPharm entered into a Research and Commercialization
Agreement with Centocor, Inc. This agreement provides Centocor with a research
license in return for annual license fees. Further, Centocor was granted an
option to obtain exclusive worldwide marketing and manufacturing rights to any
antibodies which are developed under the terms of the agreement contingent
upon Centocor making equity investments in GenPharm (now the Company). Under
the terms of the agreement, in October 1998, Centocor exercised its option by
making a $4,000 equity purchase and received 1,800,680 shares of the Company's
common stock. The agreement provides for benchmark payments on the achievement
of certain milestones and royalty payments on product sales. In May 2000, the
Company announced a broad antibody development agreement with Centocor. This
agreement allows Centocor and other affiliates of Johnson & Johnson to access
the Company's HuMAb-Mouse technology for an unlimited number of targets. Under
the terms of the agreement, the Company received technology access fees, and
could also receive license fees, milestone fees and royalties on product
sales. In 1999, the Company received a $4,000 milestone payment from Centocor.
In 2000, the Company recognized revenue of $104 from the new agreement.
In August 1998, the Company announced that it had received a $1,200
milestone payment from Merck KGaA in exchange for 384,000 shares of the
Company's common stock. The milestone payment was triggered by clinical
development progress of MDX-447, an anti-cancer treatment developed jointly by
Merck KGaA and the Company. Merck KGaA obtained the exclusive option to
negotiate for worldwide licensing rights, with the Company retaining United
States rights, in return for an option fee of $1,500, which was recognized in
contract revenue in 1999, and Merck KGaA's agreement to pay fully for Phase II
clinical trials of MDX-447.
In December 1998, the Company and Novartis entered into a global licensing
arrangement involving the Company's HuMAb-Mouse technology. Under the terms of
the agreement, Novartis obtains the rights to use the HuMAb-Mouse technology
for an unlimited number of targets for up to ten years. Under the terms of the
57
MEDAREX, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
December 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
arrangement, Novartis made an initial equity investment in the Company by
purchasing 1,023,018 shares of common stock of $2,000 at a purchase price of
$1.96 per share, a premium to the market price on the day of the transaction.
An additional 246,002 shares of the Company's common stock or a $1,000 equity
investment was made in November 1999 the first anniversary of the agreement. A
further $3,000 in equity purchases may be made after the initial five year
term of the agreement. In addition, the Company could receive license fees,
milestone payments and royalties on sales of products made utilizing the
HuMAb-Mouse technology.
In December 1999, the Company entered into a strategic alliance with Kirin
Brewery Co., Ltd., ("Kirin") providing for the global commercialization of
technology for creating fully human monoclonal antibodies. Under the terms of
this alliance, Kirin paid the Company $12,000 in up-front fees in December
1999. The Company recognized the $6,000 as revenue in 2000 and the balance
will be recognized in 2001 as the required work is performed. In addition,
Kirin was designated as the primary distributor of the Company's HuMAb-Mouse
technology in Asia, and the Company was designated as the primary distributor
of Kirin's TC Mouse outside of Asia. In addition the Company will exchange
broad licenses with Kirin, subject to milestone and royalty payments, for in-
house use of each other's technology for the development of human antibody
therapeutic products.
In January 2000, the Company entered into a binding letter of intent with
Scil Biomedicals GmbH for the development of MDX-210, its antibody-based
product for the treatment of cancers over expressing HER-2, for applications
outside cellular therapy. Scil was formed by certain owners and senior
executives of Boehringer Mannheim following the acquisition of Boehringer
Mannheim by Roche Holding AG. MDX-210 is in Phase II trials for the treatment
of patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer. Scil has paid the Company
$500, which is being recognized as revenue over a 36-month period as the
related services are provided. In addition, Scil will pay all of the remaining
costs of the Phase II trials and has agreed to fund 100% of the Phase III
costs necessary to obtain regulatory approval in North America and Europe up
to a maximum of $17,000. Scil will have the rights to commercialize MDX-210 in
Europe, subject to royalties payable to the Company. If the Company elects to
fund 50% of the Phase III costs, the Company will retain all rights outside of
Europe; if the Company elects to have Scil pay all of the Phase III costs, the
Company will share co-promotion rights in North America with Scil.
In February 2000 the Company entered into a binding letter of intent with
Eos Biotechnology, Inc. ("Eos"), to develop and commercialize genomics-derived
antibody-based therapeutic products. The Company also has an agreement with
Eos to generate fully human monoclonal antibodies to several target antigens.
Pursuant to the letter of intent, on May 15, 2000 the Company paid $5,000 to
Eos and deposited an additional $20,000 in a third party escrow account, to be
released over time to Eos upon the achievement of certain milestones. This
escrow deposit is included on the December 31, 2000 balance sheet as
segregated cash. In September 2000, the Company purchased shares of preferred
stock of Eos for an aggregate purchase price of $2,500 which was part of a
$27,500 private placement. This investment is accounted for under the cost
method. Dr. Frederick B. Craves, a member the Company's board of directors, is
also a member of the board of directors of Eos. BCC Acquisition I LLC ("BCC
Acquisition"), which beneficially owns approximately 7% of the Company's
common stock, is an affiliate of The Bay City Capital Fund I, L.P. ("BCC
Fund"), which owns approximately 15% of the shares of Eos's capital stock. Dr.
Craves is a principal of Bay City Capital LLC, an affiliate of BCC Fund, which
is one of the members of BCC Acquisition.
In June 2000, entered into an agreement with Biosite Diagnostics
Incorporated ("Biosite"). Under the terms of the agreement, Biosite will
receive research funding of $3,000 per year over eight years from the Company
58
MEDAREX, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
December 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
along with research fees and, if any products are generated through the
partnership, milestone payments and royalties. Biosite may also receive
diagnostic rights to targets identified through the partnership. As a result
of this agreement, the Company expects to receive payments from third-parties,
including milestone payments, royalties and reimbursement payments, that may
offset the research funding being paid to Biosite. In 2000, the Company
incurred research expenses of $1,750 related to this alliance.
In August 2000, the Company entered into an agreement with Scil whereby the
Company transferred certain development and commercialization rights for MDX-
RA to Scil. A Phase III placebo controlled clinical trial of MDX-RA for the
prevention of secondary cataracts was commenced by the Company in December
1997. In November 1998, the Company voluntarily suspended the Phase III trial
after 565 patients had been treated. The reason for the suspension was the
occurrence of serious adverse events, or SAEs, in seven patients receiving a
placebo and six treated with MDX-RA. At this time, in light of current market
conditions relating to secondary cataracts and data from the suspended Phase
III trial, the Company believes that it is unlikely that the Company will
resume clinical trials with respect to MDX-RA. Scil paid the Company $2,000 in
2000 which is being recognized as revenue over a 36-month period as the
related services are being provided. In 2000, the Company recognized revenue
of $3,971 related to MDX-210 and MDX-RA of which $3,423 represented the
funding of research and development and $548 represented the amortization of a
portion of license fees.
In September 2000, the Company entered into a binding memorandum of
understanding with Oxford GlycoSciences plc to develop novel therapeutics
produced through the joint application of Medarex's fully human monoclonal
antibody technology and Oxford GlycoSciences' proprietary proteomics
technology for high-throughput protein analysis and target validation. The
Company's European rights to these products are subject to our Collaboration
with Genmab (see note 11). The Company and Oxford GlycoSciences will share
costs and responsibilities leading to the anticipated commercialization of
therapeutic products, including preclinical and clinical development and
marketing efforts. As part of this agreement, the Company made a $5,000 equity
investment in Oxford GlycoSciences. The Company subsequently sold one half of
this equity interest to Genmab for $2,500. (See Note 11). The Company's
President and Chief Executive Officer is a member of the board of directors of
OGS.
11. Transactions with Genmab
In March 1999, the Company and BankInvest Biomedical Development Venture
Fund formed Genmab, a new Danish company established to develop and
commercialize a portfolio of fully human antibodies derived from the Company's
HuMAb-Mouse technology.
Initially, the Company contributed a license to its human antibody
technology for producing antibodies to particular targets in exchange for
approximately 44% of Genmab's share capital. During Genmab's initial 12 months
of operations, Genmab raised additional equity and, in connection therewith,
the Company agreed to expand the license to provide Genmab with broader rights
to the human antibody technology in exchange for further equity, thereby
maintaining the approximate 44% ownership in Genmab's share capital. In
addition, in connection with Genmab's private placement in May 2000, the
Company made a cash investment of $18,000 in order to maintain the approximate
44% ownership interest in Genmab. In August 2000, the Company received
additional equity in connection with the European Genomics Agreement (as
described below) which increased the Company's equity interest in Genmab to
approximately 45%.
In October 2000, Genmab completed an initial public offering of its
ordinary shares and raised approximately $187,000. As a result of Genmab's
IPO, the Company's equity interest in Genmab was reduced to its current level
of approximately 33%. The market value of the Company's investment in Genmab
is approximately $160,000 as of December 31, 2000.
59
MEDAREX, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
December 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
In August 2000, the Company entered into a binding memorandum of
understanding (the "European Genomics Agreement") with Genmab pursuant to
which the Company granted Genmab exclusive rights to market the Company's
transgenic mouse technologies for multi-target (five or more targets) genomics
partnerships to certain pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies whose
headquarters are located in Europe. Under the terms of this European Genomics
Agreement, Genmab may market the Company's transgenic mouse technology for
multi-target partnerships to any European-based company except for: (i)
current partners of the Company, including Novartis, Merck KGaA, Schering AG,
Aventis Behring, IDM and Scil; and (ii) any European based pharmaceutical
company with worldwide revenues in excess of $1,000,000 in 1999, provided,
however, that Genmab may market the Company's human antibody technology to
Sanofi/Synthelabo and Boehringer Ingelheim. The Company has certain rights to
develop and commercialize outside of Europe products arising from such
European-based alliances. The Company retains all rights to market its
technology to companies headquartered outside of Europe. Certain license fees,
milestones and royalties due the Company under the existing Evaluation and
Commercialization Agreement between the Company and Genmab are reduced. The
European Genomics Agreement also provides that, under certain circumstances,
the Company must negotiate in good faith to manufacture antibodies for such
partnerships.
In addition, under the terms of the European Genomics Agreement, the
Company granted Genmab an option to receive certain rights in Europe with
respect to the development and commercialization of up to four antibody
products the Company may obtain through its alliance with Eos. Finally, the
European Genomics Agreement grants Genmab certain rights to access
technologies acquired by the Company from Biosite and Kirin.
In August 2000, under the European Genomics Agreement, the Company received
279,760 shares of Genmab stock valued at $2,000 based upon a recently
completed private placement representing payment for the first year. The
European Genomics Agreement has an initial term of five years with a right
exercisable by Genmab to extend the term for an additional two years. For each
years of the agreement and during the term of any extension, the Company will
receive $2,000 per year from Genmab. At Genmab's option, these amounts may be
paid in either cash or capital stock. During the year ended December 31, 2000,
the Company recognized $667 of revenue from this agreement.
In September 2000, the Company and Genmab entered into an amended and
restated European Genomics Agreement (the "Amended European Genomics
Agreement"), pursuant to which the Company agreed to assign to Genmab 100% of
the Company's economic interests to each product the Company jointly develops
with Oxford GlycoSciences (a "Medarex/OGS Product") and sells in Europe and
50% of its economic interest in each Medarex/OGS Product sold outside North
America and Europe. Under the terms of the Amended European Genomics
Agreement, if a Medarex/OGS Product is intended to be sold only in Europe,
Genmab will reimburse the Company for 100% of the Company's research,
development, manufacturing and commercialization expenses associated with such
product. If the Medarex/OGS Product is to be sold only in North America,
Genmab will not be obligated to reimburse the Company for any such expenses.
In all other cases, Genmab will reimburse the Company for 50% of such
expenses. In addition, in September 2000, Genmab purchased one-half of the
Company's equity interest in Oxford GlycoSciences for $2,500.
In October 2000 Genmab announced the completion of the initial public
offering of its ordinary shares. The global offering consisted of an issue of
6,000,000 new ordinary shares at a price of approximately $33.00 per share to
be delivered either in the form of ordinary shares for trading on the
Copenhagen Stock Exchange or in the form of Co-Ownership Interests ("COIS")
for trading on the Neuer Markt of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. Each COIS
represents one ordinary share. The issuance of the new ordinary shares
resulted in net proceeds to
60
MEDAREX, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
December 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
Genmab of approximately $187,000. As the result of this offering the Company's
equity investment in Genmab was reduced to approximately 33%. The difference
between the cost of the investment and the amount of the underlying equity in
net assets of Genmab after the initial public offering was accounted for in
accordance with APB Opinion No. 18 The Equity Method of Accounting for
Investment in Common Stock, and Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 51 Accounting
for Sales of Stock by a Subsidiary. This transaction is reflected as an equity
transaction in the accompanying statement of shareholders' equity.
The Company and its designees have two seats out of a total of six seats of
the board of directors of Genmab. The two seats are currently held by the
chairman of the Company's board of directors and the President of Medarex
Europe, B.V.
Summary financial information for Genmab as of, and for the year ended,
December 31, 2000 is as follows:
Current assets................................................. $223,617
Non current assets............................................. 19,007
Current liabilities............................................ 4,688
Non current liabilities........................................ 5,084
Net sales...................................................... --
Gross profit................................................... --
Net loss....................................................... (2,313)
12. Transactions with IDM
In July 2000, the Company entered into a Unit Purchase Agreement and an
Amended and Restated Technology Access Agreement with IDM S.A. ("IDM") whereby
the Company licensed to IDM certain of its technologies in exchange for units
in IDM. As a result of this transaction, the Company has recorded a gain from
the transfer of its technology of approximately $40,500 (based upon an
independent valuation). In accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 101,
Revenue Recognition in Financial Statements, the Company will recognize the
approximately $40,500 as revenue for financial statement reporting purposes
over a two-year period. During 2000, the Company recognized $5,901 in revenue
from this transaction.
For tax reporting purposes, the entire gain of the transfer of technology
is taxable to the Company at the time the transaction was closed in 2000.
In October 2000, the Company participated in a private placement of IDM and
purchased additional equity of $5,172 which was part of a $41,500 offering.
The Company currently accounts for its interest in IDM under the cost
method. The Company's equity ownership in IDM is 6% and with the closing of
the Unit Purchase Agreement in September 2000, the Company was issued 7,528
Class B shares and 192,278 units, each unit comprising one Class B share and
19 warrants allowing each to purchase one convertible or redeemable bond into
one Class B share. If the warrants are exercised and converted or redeemed,
the Company would own an additional 3,653,282 Class B shares of IDM, which
would give the Company an equity interest in IDM of approximately 29%. The
warrants will be exercisable between September 2002 and September 2010, for
bonds that in turn will be convertible into or redeemable in Class B shares
six months after the exercise.
The Company's President and Chief Executive Officer, who is also a member
of the Company's board of directors, is a member of the board of directors of
IDM.
61
MEDAREX, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
December 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
13. Commitments and contingences
The Company leases laboratory, production and office space in New Jersey
and California. These leases expire on various dates between December 2001 and
November 2004. The Company incurred rent expense of $2,096 in 1998, $2,768 in
1999 and $2,474 in 2000.
The Company has secured a bank letter of credit pursuant to the
requirements of its Annandale, New Jersey lease. This letter of credit in the
amount of $1,300 is fully cash collateralized and the cash is categorized as
segregated cash in the balance sheet.
Future minimum lease commitments as of December 31, 2000 are as follows:
2001.............................................................. $2,245
2002.............................................................. 1,876
2003.............................................................. 1,633
2004.............................................................. 695
2005.............................................................. 496
Remainder......................................................... 124
------
$7,069
======
The Company is a party to a number of license agreements which call for
royalties to be paid by the Company if and when the Company commercializes
products utilizing the licensed technology.
The Company has a contingent commitment to pay $1,000 to Essex Chemical
Corporation ("Essex") without interest in installments equal to 20% of net
after tax earnings of the Company in future years. The Company's contingent
commitment, as amended, to pay up to $1,000 out of future earnings may be
satisfied, at the Company's option, through the payment of cash or shares of
the Company's common stock having a fair market value equal to the amount
owed, provided that such shares are registered with the Securities and
Exchange Commission. As of December 31, 2000 the Company has accrued $667
related to this liability.
In November 2000, the Company purchased a facility in Milpitas, California
for $14,600 to expand its animal facility and to house the Company's HuMAb-
Mice, research and development laboratories and related administrative
offices.
In January 2001, the Company purchased a facility in Greenwich, New Jersey
to expand its manufacturing capabilities. The cost of the Greenwich facility
including land and building was $9,200. For 2001, the Company expects to spend
approximately $30,000 on building modifications and equipping its facilities.
In the ordinary course of our business, the Company is at times subject to
various legal proceedings. The Company does not believe that any of our
current legal proceedings, individually or in the aggregate, will have a
material adverse effect on its operations or financial condition.
On May 24, 2000, Lexicon Genetics Incorporated filed a complaint against
Deltagen, Inc. in U.S. District Court for the District of Delaware alleging
that Deltagen is willfully infringing the claims of United States Patent No.
5,789,215, under which Lexicon holds an exclusive license in the relevant
field from GenPharm. This patent covers certain methods of engineering the
animal genome, including methods for the production of knockout mice.
62
MEDAREX, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
December 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
On October 31, 2000, Lexicon amended its complaint to add GenPharm, as the
licensor of the patent, as a plaintiff. On November 14, 2000, Deltagen filed
an answer to Lexicon's amended complaint which included counterclaims against
Lexicon and, for the first time, counterclaims against GenPharm. In its
counterclaims, Deltagen is seeking declaratory relief that the patent is
invalid, unenforceable and not infringed. In addition, Deltagen asserted
counterclaims against both Lexicon and GenPharm under the antitrust laws.
Deltagen is seeking, among other relief, an award of monetary damages against
Lexicon and GenPharm in an unspecified amount. Any damages for violations of
the antitrust laws would be trebled.
The litigation against GenPharm is in the very early stages and the Company
cannot predict its outcome or any possible financial losses that we may incur
as a result of the litigation. Such losses, if any, could have a material
effect on the Company's operating results. The Company believes that the
litigation against GenPharm is without merit and intends to defend the action
vigorously. Furthermore, because the Company does not use the technology that
is the subject of the litigation in any material way in its business as
currently conducted, the Company does not believe that a judgment in favor of
Deltagen would have a material adverse effect on the conduct of its business.
14. Segment Information
The Company is an integrated monoclonal antibody-based company with
antibody discovery, development and manufacturing capabilities. The operations
of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries constitute one business
segment.
Revenue from customers representing 10% or more of total revenues for the
years ended December 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000 is as follows:
Customer 1998 1999 2000
-------- ---- ---- ----
Kirin...................................................... -- -- 27%
IDM........................................................ -- -- 27%
Scil....................................................... -- -- 18%
Genmab..................................................... -- 6% 11%
Aventis Behring............................................ 20% 4% 1%
Centocor................................................... 6% 40% --
Merck KGaA................................................. 24% 31% --
Santen..................................................... 13% -- --
Eisai...................................................... 11% -- --
No other single customer accounted for more than 10% of the Company's total
revenues for the years ended December 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000, respectively.
63
MEDAREX, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
December 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
15. Quarterly Financial Information--Unaudited
The following is a summary of the quarterly results of operations for the
years ended December 31, 1999 and 2000.
1999 First Second Third Fourth Total
---- ------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Sales........................... $ 44 $ 443 $ 45 $ 547 $ 1,079
Contract and license revenues... 5,550 990 1,269 1,036 8,845
------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Total revenue................. 5,594 1,433 1,314 1,583 9,924
Cost of sales................... 28 128 27 526 709
Loss before provision (benefit)
for income taxes............... (930) (4,430) (5,086) (7,107) (17,553)
Net loss........................ (930) (4,430) (5,086) (6,585) (17,031)
Basic net loss per share........ $ (0.01) $ (0.07) $ (0.08) $ (0.10) $ (0.27)
Diluted net loss per share...... $ (0.01) $ (0.07) $ (0.08) $ (0.10) $ (0.27)
2000 First Second Third Fourth Total
---- ------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Sales........................... $ 55 $ 58 $ 37 $ 1,138 $ 1,288
Contract and license revenues... 2,078 3,051 5,637 10,403 21,169
------- ------- ------- ------- --------
Total revenue................. 2,133 3,109 5,674 11,541 22,457
Cost of sales................... 27 27 29 1,106 1,189
Income (loss) before provision
(benefit) for income taxes..... (4,175) (5,404) 1,310 (1,472) (9,741)
Net income (loss)............... (4,325) (5,554) (2,755) 15,968 3,334
Basic net income (loss) per
share.......................... $ (0.06) $ (0.08) $ (0.04) $ 0.22 $ 0.05
Diluted net income (loss) per
share.......................... $ (0.06) $ (0.08) $ (0.04) $ 0.22 $ 0.05
16. Subsequent Events
In January 2001, the Company entered into an agreement with B. Twelve, Inc.
("B. Twelve"), to develop fully human antibodies to several cancer related
targets identified by B. Twelve's technology. B. Twelve will develop and
commercialize human antibody products resulting from this agreement. The
Company could receive license fees and milestone payments as well as royalties
on commercial sales of products resulting from the Company's agreement with B.
Twelve. In addition, the Company received 400,000 shares of B. Twelve common
stock valued at $1,200. B. Twelve will apply the value of the shares received
by the Company against certain license fees and milestone payments.
In February 2001, the Company entered into a collaboration with Seattle
Genetics, Inc. ("Seattle Genetics"), to jointly develop and commercialize
fully human antibody therapeutic products to specific cancer targets
identified by Seattle Genetics. The Company plans to generate antibodies to
the Seattle Genetics targets using our fully human antibody technology. The
Company and Seattle Genetics will share costs and responsibilities leading to
the anticipated commercialization of therapeutic products, including
preclinical and clinical development and marketing efforts. In addition, the
Company purchased $2,000 of common stock directly from Seattle Genetics in
connection with Seattle Genetics' initial public offering in March 2001.
In February 2001, the Company entered into a binding memorandum of
understanding with Immusol, Inc. ("Immusol"), to jointly develop and
commercialize fully human antibody therapeutic products to targets discovered
by Immusol's Inverse Genomics(TM) technology platform. The Company plans to
generate antibodies to the Immusol targets using our fully human antibody
technology. The Company and Immusol will share costs
64
MEDAREX, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(Continued)
December 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000
(Dollars in thousands, except share data)
and responsibilities leading to the anticipated commercialization of
therapeutic products, including preclinical and clinical development and
marketing efforts. Additionally, the Company has made a $5,000 equity
investment in Immusol.
65
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and
Financial Disclosures
None.
PART III
Item 10. Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant
The information required herein will be reported in our definitive Proxy
Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 23, 2001,
which will be filed on or before April 16, 2001, and is incorporated herein by
reference.
Item 11. Executive Compensation
The information required herein will be reported in our definitive Proxy
Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 23, 2001,
which will be filed on or before April 16, 2001, and is incorporated herein by
reference.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management
The information required herein will be reported in our definitive Proxy
Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 23, 2001,
which will be filed on or before April 16, 2001 and is incorporated herein by
reference.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions
The information required herein will be incorporated in our definitive
Proxy Statement for the Annual Meeting of Shareholders to be held on May 23,
2001, which will be filed on or before April 16, 2001, and is incorporated
herein by reference.
PART IV
Item 14. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules and Reports on Form 8-K
Item
Number
------
(a).1. Consolidated Financial Statements
Report of Independent Auditors.
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 1999 and 2000.
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the Years Ended December 31,
1998, 1999 and 2000.
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders' Equity for the Years Ended
December 31, 1998, 1999 and 2000.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31,
1998, 1999 and 2000.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
(a).2. Financial Statement Schedules
All financial statement schedules for which provision is made in the
applicable Accounting regulations of the Securities and Exchange
Commission are either not required under the related instructions or
are inapplicable because the required information is included in the
consolidated financial statements or related notes thereto.
(a).3. Exhibits
66
Item
Number
------
2.1(1) Certificate of Merger, dated June 15, 1989, including Plan of
Merger.
2.2(18) Agreement and Plan of Merger among Medarex, Inc., Medarex
Acquisition Corp. and Houston Biotechnology Incorporated dated
December 18, 1996, together with the exhibits thereto.
2.3(28) Amended and Restated Agreement and Plan of Reorganization among the
Registrant, Medarex Acquisition Corp. and GenPharm International,
Inc., dated as of May 5, 1997, together with Exhibits thereto.
3.1(56) Restated Certificate of Incorporation, as amended, of the
Registrant.
3.2(1) Amended and Restated By-laws of the Registrant.
4.1(1) Form of Specimen of Common Stock Certificate.
4.2(19) Form of Warrant Agreement between Houston Biotechnology Incorporated
and Mellon Securities Trust Company.
4.3 Form of Specimen of Warrant Certificate (included as Exhibit A to
Warrant Agreement filed as Exhibit 4.2).
10.1(4) Lease of the Registrant's executive offices dated August 1, 1992.
10.2(1) Lease of the Registrant's laboratory facilities (West Lebanon, New
Hampshire).
10.3(1) 1991 Employee Stock Option Plan.
10.4(1) Letter of Intent dated April 25, 1991 between Lower Pyne Associates,
L.P. and Medarex, Inc.
10.5(1) Joint Venture Agreement by and among Trustees of Dartmouth College,
Essex Medical Products, Inc. and the Registrant, dated as of July
15, 1987.
10.6(1) Exclusive License Agreement by and between Trustees of Dartmouth
College and the Registrant, dated July 15, 1987.
10.7(1) Non-Exclusive License Agreement by and between Trustees of Dartmouth
College and the Registrant, dated July 15, 1987.
10.8(1) Assignment Agreement by and between the Registrant and Michael W.
Fanger, dated July 15, 1987.
10.9(1) Consulting Agreement between the Registrant and Michael W. Fanger,
dated as of July 15, 1987.
10.10(1) Assignment Agreement by and between the Registrant and Paul M.
Guyre, dated July 15, 1987.
10.11(1) Consulting Agreement between the Registrant and Paul M. Guyre, dated
as of July 15, 1987.
10.12(1) Assignment Agreement by and between the Registrant and Edward Ball,
dated July 15, 1987.
10.13(1) Consulting Agreement between the Registrant and Edward Ball, dated
as of July 15, 1987.
10.14(1) Stock Purchase Agreement among Essex Vencap, Inc. and Medarex
Founders and the Registrant, dated as of June 15, 1989.
10.15(1) Amended and Restated Research and Development and Umbrella Agreement
between Fondation Nationale de Transfusion Sanguine and the
Registrant, dated March 7, 1991.
10.16(1) AML/SCCL License Agreement between Fondation Nationale de
Transfusion Sanguine and the Registrant, dated February 13, 1990.
67
Item
Number
------
10.17(1) HIV License Agreement between Fondation Nationale de Transfusion
Sanguine and the Registrant, dated February 13, 1990.
10.18(1) HIV Targeting Antibody License Agreement between Fondation
Nationale de Transfusion Sanguine and the Registrant, dated
February 13, 1990.
10.18A(1) Amendment to AML/SCCL License Agreement, the HIV License Agreement
and the HIV Targeting Antibody License Agreement dated March 7,
1991.
10.19(1) Medarex Targeted Immunostimulation License Agreement between the
Registrant and Fondation Nationale de Transfusion Sanguine, dated
March 7, 1991.
10.20(1) FNTS Targeted Immunostimulation License Agreement between Fondation
Nationale de Transfusion Sanguine and the Registrant, dated March
7, 1991.
10.21(1) Agreement of SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals and the Registrant
with respect to Research Collaboration, dated February 1, 1990.
10.21A(1) Amendment to Agreement of SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals and
the Registrant with respect to Research Collaboration dated July 5,
1990.
10.22(1) Research Agreement between the Registrant and The Upjohn Company,
dated October 18, 1990.
10.23(1) Agreement dated as of May 16, 1991 by and among Trustees of
Dartmouth College and the Registrant relating to the assignment of
certain patents and the modification of the Joint Venture
Agreement.
10.24(1) Assignment of certain patent rights by Trustees of Dartmouth
College to the Registrant dated
May 16, 1991.
10.25(1) Loan Agreement by and between Dr. Edward Ball, Dr. Paul Guyre, Dr.
Donald Drakeman,
Dr. Michael Fanger, and First New Hampshire Bank of Lebanon, dated
October 25, 1990.
10.26(1) Security Agreement between the Registrant and First New Hampshire
Bank of Lebanon, dated October 25, 1990.
10.27(1) Distribution Agreement between the Registrant and Funakoshi
Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., dated as of June 1, 1989, expiring May
31, 1990.
10.28(1) Employment Agreement by and between the Registrant and Dr. Donald
Drakeman, dated as of April 1, 1991, as amended.
10.29(1) Employment Agreement by and between the Registrant and Dr. Nathan
B. Dinces, dated as of April 1, 1991, as amended.
10.30(1) Form of Financial Advisory and Investment Banking Agreement between
the Registrant and Josephthal Lyon & Ross Incorporated.
10.31(1) License Agreement between the Registrant and Chiron Corporation
(formerly Cetus Corporation) dated as of February 19, 1991.
10.32(1) Form of invention and confidential information agreement between
registrant and its Employees.
10.33(1) Stock Purchase Plan.
10.34(1) Settlement Agreement by and between the Registrant and Fondation
Nationale de Transfusion Sanguine, dated December 9, 1991
68
Item
Number
------
10.35(1) Amended and Restated HIV Targeting Antibody License Agreement by
and between the Registrant and Fondation Nationale de Transfusion
Sanguine, dated December 9, 1991.
10.36(2) HBV Cell Line License Agreement by and between the Registrant and
Fondation Nationale de Transfusion Sanguine, dated December 9,
1991.
10.37(3) Employment Agreement by and between the Registrant and Michael A.
Appelbaum, dated as of July 29, 1991.
10.38(4) Agreement dated November 28, 1991 between Scotgen Limited and the
Company Pertaining to the genetic engineering of one of the
Company's antibodies.
10.39(5) Amended and Restated 1987 Stock Option Plan.
10.40(6) Letter of Intent between Registrant and The Bayson Company dated
March 16, 1992.
10.41(6) Form of Consulting Agreement between the Registrant and Paul M.
Guyre, dated as of March 17, 1992.
10.42(6) Form of Consulting Agreement between the Registrant and Edward
Ball, dated as of March 17, 1992.
10.43(6) Form of Consulting Agreement between the Registrant and Michael W.
Fanger, dated as of March 17, 1992.
10.44(6) Agreement In Principle dated as of July 10, 1992 between the
Registrant and Dr. Daniel Beck of Centre Hospitalier Universiter
Vaudrois.
10.45(6) Agreement In Principle dated as of July 23, 1992 by and among
Institut Curie, Immuno-Designed Molecules, SARL and the
Registrant.
10.46(7) Underwriting Agreement by and between the Registrant and
Rosenkrantz Lyon & Ross Incorporated as Representative of the
Several Underwriters, dated June 20, 1991.
10.47(9) Placement Agent Agreement between the Registrant and Josephthal
Lyon & Ross Incorporated, dated as of November 13, 1992.
10.48(9) Placement Agent Warrant Agreement between the Registrant and
Josephthal Lyon & Ross Incorporated, dated as of December 14,
1992. Placement Agent Agreement between the Registrant and
Josephthal Lyon & Ross Incorporated, dated as of December 17,
1992.
10.50(9) Placement Agent Warrant Agreement between the Registrant and
Josephthal Lyon & Ross Incorporated, dated as of December 18,
1992.
10.51(8) 1992 Employee Stock Option Plan.
10.52(10) Lease of Registrant's Laboratory Facility (Annandale, New Jersey).
10.53(11) Amendment to Lease of Registrant's Laboratory Facility (Annandale,
New Jersey).
10.54(11) Employment Agreement by and between the Registrant and Yashwant M.
Deo, dated as of
July 8, 1993.
10.55(12) Financing Agreement dated as of December 1, 1993 by and among the
Registrant, G. Musuri S.A. and IDM S.A.
10.56(12) Consulting Agreement dated February 10, 1994 by and between the
Registrant and Dr. Julius A. Vida.
10.57(13)** Letter of Intent dated March 30, 1994 between the Registrant and
E. Merck.
10.58(14) Sublease of Registrant's Laboratory Facility (W. Lebanon, New
Hampshire).
10.59(14) Sublease of Registrant's Executive Office (Princeton, New Jersey).
69
Item
Number
------
10.60(15) Sublease of the Company's New Hampshire Facility dated May 25,
1994.
10.61(9) 1995 Stock Option Plan.
10.61A(17) Amendment to the Financing and Option Agreement of December 1,
1993 by and among the Registrant, G. Musuri S.A. and IDM S.A.
10.62(9) Stock Purchase Agreement dated May 16, 1995 between the Registrant
and Novartis Inc.
10.63(9)** Development and Commercialization Agreement dated May 16, 1995
between the Registrant and Novartis Inc.
10.64(9) Registration Rights Agreement dated May 16, 1995 between the
Registrant and Novartis Inc.
10.65(13) Letter to Josephthal Lyon & Ross Incorporated dated April 12,
1996.
10.66(20) Convertible Note dated December 18, 1996 executed by Houston
Biotechnology Incorporated in favor of the Registrant.
10.67(21) License Agreement effective December 18, 1996 between Houston
Biotechnology Incorporated and the Registrant.
10.68(22) Escrow Agreement dated as of December 18, 1996 among Houston
Biotechnology Incorporated, the Registrant and Satterlee Stephens
Burke & Burke LLP, as escrow agent.
10.69(19) Convertible Note dated January 15, 1997 executed by Houston
Biotechnology Incorporated in favor of the Registrant.
10.70(29)** Cooperative Research and Development Agreement made May 31, 1993
between Eisai Co., Ltd. and GenPharm International, Inc. together
with Amendment No. 1 thereto effective as of
October 10, 1995, and Amendment No. 2 thereto effective as of
April 26, 1996.
10.71(29)** Cooperative Research Agreement made effective as of January 1,
1995, between LeukoSite, Inc. and GenPharm International, Inc.,
together Amendment No. 1 thereto effective as of January 1, 1996,
Amendment No. 2 thereto made effective as of December 1, 1996, and
an Acknowledgement Relating thereto made effective March 24, 1997.
10.72(29)** Research and Commercialization Agreement made February 24, 1997
between Centocor, Inc. and GenPharm International, Inc.
10.73(23)** Release and Settlement Agreement, dated March 26, 1997, among cell
Genesys, Inc., Abgenix, Inc., Xenotech, L.P., Japan Tobacco, Inc.
and GenPharm International, Inc.
10.74(24)** Cross License Agreement, effective as of March 26, 1997, among
Cell Genesys, Inc., Abgenix, Inc., Xenotech, L.P., Japan Tobacco,
Inc. and GenPharm International, Inc.
10.75(25)** Interference Settlement Procedure Agreement, effective as of March
26, 1997, among Cell Genesys, Inc., Abgenix, Inc., Xenotech, L.P.,
Japan Tobacco, Inc. and GenPharm International, Inc.
10.76(26) Convertible Note Purchase Agreement, dated as of March 26, 1997,
between Cell Genesys, Inc. and GenPharm International, Inc.
10.77(27) Convertible Subordinated Promissory Note, dated March 26, 1997,
made by Cell Genesys, Inc. to the order of GenPharm International,
Inc.
10.78(30)** Development and Licensing Agreement between the Registrant and
Centeon L.L.C. dated April 24, 1996.
10.79(31)** Research and Licensing Agreement between the Registrant and Merck
KGaA dated June 26, 1996.
10.80(32)** Research and Commercialization Agreement dated February 11, 1998
between the Registrant and Schering AG.
70
Item
Number
------
10.81(33) Rights Exchange Agreement dated as of June 10, 1998 between the
Registrant and BCC Acquisition I LLC, together with the exhibits
thereto.
10.82(34)** Evaluation Research and Commercialization Agreement effective as
of November 6, 1998 between GenPharm International, Inc. and
Novartis Pharma AG.
10.83(35)** Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of November 6, 1998 between the
Registrant and Novartis Pharma AG.
10.84(36)** Shareholders Agreement dated February 25, 1999 among Medarex,
Inc., GenPharm International, Inc., BankInvest, BI Asset
Management Fondsmaeglerselskab A/S and certain other investors.
10.85(37)** Evaluation and Commercialization Agreement dated as of February
25, 1999 among Medarex, Inc., GenPharm International, Inc. and
Genmab.
10.86(30) Medarex, Inc. Executive Deferred Savings Plan.
10.87(39) Agreement of Lease dated July 7, 1999 between McCarthy Associates
Limited and the Registrant.
10.88(40) Medarex, Inc. 1997 Stock Option Plan.
10.89(41) Medarex, Inc. 1999 Stock Option Plan.
10.90(42) Lease Agreement dated August 9, 1999 between The Hunterdon Group
and the Registrant.
10.91(43)* Evaluation and Commercialization Agreement effective as of May 4,
1998 between the Registrant and ErythroMed, Inc. (which
subsequently changed its name to EluSys Therepeutics Inc.)
10.92(44)* Research and Commercialization Agreement dated as of July 9, 1998
between GenPharm International, Inc. ("GenPharm"), a wholly-owned
subsidiary of the Registrant, the Registrant and Fibrogen Inc. and
its wholly-owned subsidiary, FibroPharma, Inc.
10.93(45)* Evaluation, Research and Commercialization Agreement effective as
of January 11, 1999 among GenPharm, the Registrant and Immunex
Corporation, a Washington corporation.
10.94(46)* Amendment No. 1 effective January 1999 to the Research and
Commercialization Agreement dated as of February 9, 1998 among
Schering AG, GenPharm and the Registrant.
10.95(47)* Evaluation and Commercialization Agreement effective as of
February 24, 1999 between the Registrant and Leukosite, Inc.
10.96(48)* Collaboration and License Agreement dated as of March 29, 1999
between NeXstar Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and the Registrant.
10.97(49)* Research and Commercialization Agreement dated as of August 2,
1999 between GenPharm and EOS Biotechnology, Inc.
10.98(50)* Research and Commercialization Agreement effective as of September
21, 1999 among the Registrant, GenPharm and Amgen Inc.
10.99(51)* Agreement dated December 21, 1999 among the Registrant, GenPharm,
and Immuno-Designed Molecules S.A.
10.100(52)* Agreement on Essential Terms for Collaboration effective as of
December 27, 1999 among the Registrant, GenPharm and Kirin Brewery
Co., Ltd.
10.101(53)* Binding Letter of Intent dated January 3, 2000 among the
Registrant, GenPharm and Scil Biomedicals GmbH.
10.102(54)* Binding Letter of Intent dated February 10, 2000 among the
Registrant and Eos Biotechnology, Inc.
71
Item
Number
------
10.103(55)* Agreement of Lease dated April 21, 2000 between Liman Realty Corp.
and the Registrant.
10.104(57)* Medarex, Inc. 2000 Stock Option Plan
10.105(58)* Medarex, Inc. 2001 Non-Director/Officer Employee Stock Option
Plan.
10.106(59)* Medarex, Inc. 2001 Non-Director/Officer Employee Stock Option
Plan.
21 Subsidiaries of the Registrant.
23.1 Consent of Ernst & Young LLP.
--------
(1) Incorporated by reference to the identically numbered exhibit to the
Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 33-39956) filed
on April 12, 1991.
(2) Incorporated by reference to the identically numbered exhibit to the
Registrant's Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 20, 1991.
(3) Incorporated by reference to exhibit number 10.33 to the Registrant's
Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 9, 1991.
(4) Incorporated by reference to the identically numbered exhibit to the
Registrant's Annual Report onForm 10-K filed on March 6, 1992.
(5) Incorporated by reference to exhibit number 4 to the Registrant's
Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File No. 33-44276) filed on November
29, 1991.
(6) Incorporated by reference to the identically numbered exhibit to the
Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 33-46509) filed
on March 18, 1992.
(7) Incorporated by reference to the exhibit number 1.1 to the Registrant's
Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 33-39956) filed on April 12,
1991.
(8) Incorporated by reference to the identically numbered exhibit to the
Registrant's Annual Report onForm 10-K filed on March 15, 1993.
(9) Incorporated by reference to the identically numbered exhibit to the
Registrant's Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 to Registration Statement on
Form S-1 (File No. 33-57366) filed on September 15, 1995.
(10) Incorporated by reference to the identically numbered exhibit to the
Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 14, 1993.
(11) Incorporated by reference to the identically numbered exhibit to the
Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 16, 1993.
(12) Incorporated by reference to the identically numbered exhibit to the
Registrant's Annual Report onForm 10-K filed on February 15, 1994.
(13) Incorporated by reference to the identically numbered exhibit to the
Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 33-75324) filed
on June 28, 1994.
(14) Incorporated by reference to the identically numbered exhibit to the
Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 13, 1994.
(15) Incorporated by reference to the identically numbered exhibit to the
Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 12, 1994.
(16) Incorporated by reference to the identically numbered exhibits to the
Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 33-98244) filed
on July 26, 1995.
(17) Incorporated by reference to the identically numbered exhibits to the
Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 11, 1995.
(18) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 2.1 of the Registrant's Registration
Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-20119) filed on January 22, 1997.
(19) Incorporated by reference to the identically numbered exhibit to the
Registrant's Registration Statement on Form S-4 (File No. 333-20119)
filed on January 22, 1997.
(20) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit Number 99.2 to the Registrant's
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 2, 1997.
72
(21) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit Number 99.3 to the Registrant's
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 2, 1997.
(22) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit Number 99.4 to the Registrant's
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 2, 1997.
(23) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit Number 10.44 to Cell Genesys, Inc.'s
Annual Report on Form 10-K/A filed on May 1, 1997.
(24) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit Number 10.45 to Cell Genesys, Inc.'s
Annual Report on Form 10-K/A filed on May 1, 1997.
(25) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit Number 10.46 to Cell Genesys, Inc.'s
Annual Report on Form 10-K/A filed on May 1, 1997.
(26) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit Number 10.47 to Cell Genesys, Inc.'s
Annual Report on Form 10-K/A filed on May 1, 1997.
(27) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit Number 10.48 to Cell Genesys, Inc.'s
Annual Report on Form 10-K/A filed on May 1, 1997.
(28) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit Number 2.1 to the Registrant's
Registration Statement on Form S-4 (No. 333-29953) filed on June 25,
1997.
(29) Incorporated by reference to identically numbered exhibit to the
Registrant's current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 31, 1998.
(30) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit Number 10.74 to the Registrant's
current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 31, 1998.
(31) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit Number 10.73 to the Registrant's
current Report on Form 8-K filed on March 31, 1998.
(32) Incorporated by reference to the identically numbered exhibits to the
Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed May 14, 1998.
(33) Incorporated by reference to the identically numbered exhibit to the
Registrant's Current Report onForm 8-K filed on June 15, 1998.
(34) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit Number 10.1 to the Registrant's
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 26, 1999.
(35) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit Number 10.2 to the Registrant's
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on February 26, 1999.
(36) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit Number 10.80 to the Registrant's
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 11, 1999.
(37) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit Number 10.81 to the Registrant's
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on August 11, 1999.
(38) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit Number 10.82 to the Registrant's
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 13, 1999.
(39) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit Number 10.83 to the Registrant's
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 13, 1999.
(40) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit Number 10.84 to the Registrant's
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 13, 1999.
(41) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit Number 10.85 to the Registrant's
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on August 13, 1999.
(42) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit Number 10.86 to the Registrant's
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on November 11, 1999.
(43) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit Number 10.1 to the Registrant's
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 26, 2000.
(44) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit Number 10.2 to the Registrant's
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 26, 2000.
(45) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit Number 10.3 to the Registrant's
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 26, 2000.
(46) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit Number 10.4 to the Registrant's
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 26, 2000.
73
(47) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit Number 10.5 to the Registrant's
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 26, 2000.
(48) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit Number 10.6 to the Registrant's
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 26, 2000.
(49) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit Number 10.7 to the Registrant's
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 26, 2000.
(50) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit Number 10.8 to the Registrant's
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 26, 2000.
(51) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit Number 10.9 to the Registrant's
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 26, 2000.
(52) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit Number 10.10 to the Registrant's
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 26, 2000.
(53) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit Number 10.11 to the Registrant's
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 26, 2000.
(54) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit Number 10.1 to the Registrant's
Current Report on Form 8-K1A filed on February 24, 2000.
(55) Incorporated by reference to identically numbered exhibit to Registrant's
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed on May 15, 2000.
(56) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit Number 4(b) to the Registrant's
Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File Number 333-39084) filed on June
12, 2000.
(57) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit Number 10.1 to the Registrant's
Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File Number 333-39084) filed on June
12, 2000.
(58) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 10.1 to Registrant's
Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File Number 333-55222) filed on
February 8, 2001.
(59) Incorporated by reference to Exhibit No. 10.1 to Registrant's
Registration Statement on Form S-8 (File Number 333-55224) filed on
February 8, 2001.
--------
* Confidential treatment has been requested with respect to specified
portions of this exhibit.
** Confidential treatment has been granted with respect to specified portions
of this exhibit.
(b) Reports on Form 8-K
Current report on Form 8-K filed on December 22, 2000 regarding results of
Phase II clinical trials and development of new technology.
74
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed
on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on March 28, 2001.
Medarex, Inc.
By:
----------------------------------
Donald L. Drakeman
President and Chief Executive
Officer
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this
report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the
Registrant in the capacities indicated and on the dates indicated.
Signature Title Date
--------- ----- ----
Director, President and March 28, 2001
___________________________________________ Chief Executive Officer
Donald L. Drakeman (Principal Executive
Officer and Director)
Senior Vice President and March 28, 2001
___________________________________________ Chief Financial Officer
Christian S. Schade (Principal Financial
Officer and Accounting
Officer)
Chairman of the Board March 28, 2001
___________________________________________ (Director)
Irwin Lerner
Director March 28, 2001
___________________________________________
Michael A. Appelbaum
Director March 28, 2001
___________________________________________
Fred Craves
Director March 28, 2001
___________________________________________
Michael W. Fanger
Director March 28, 2001
___________________________________________
Charles Schaller
Director March 28, 2001
___________________________________________
Leigh Thompson
Director March 28, 2001
___________________________________________
Julius A. Vida